Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Persistent pollutants

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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Master Thesis
    Bioremediation of Marine Sediments Contaminated by a Mixture of Persistent Organic Pollutants
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2025) Kurtoğlu, Miray; Demirtepe, Hale; Ökten, Hatice Eser
    Poliklorlu bifeniller (PCBs) ve polibromlu difenil eterler (PBDEs) gibi kalıcı organik kirleticiler, çevrede karışım halinde bulunarak ekosistem ve insan sağlığı için önemli riskler oluşturur. Bu küresel sorunun çözümü bu kirleticilerin çevresel ortamlardan uzaklaştırılması, yani iyileştirilmesidir. Bu çalışma, endüstriyel faaliyetlerin yoğun olduğu Aliağa, İzmir, Türkiye'deki gemi söküm sahalarından alınan kirlenmiş sedimanlar kullanılarak, biyoogmentasyon (BO) ve biyostimulasyon (BS) gibi biyoiyileştirme stratejilerinin etkinliğini sediman mikrokozmları ile incelemiştir. Mikrobiyal analizler, sedimanlarda Chloroflexi filumu ile ilişkili mikroorganizmaların çokluğunu (%37,6) ortaya koymuştur ve bu mikroorganizmalar zenginleştirilerek BO uygulaması için kullanılmıştır, BS uygulamasında ise doğal mikrobiyal aktiviteyi teşvik etmek amacıyla ortama mikrobesinler sağlanmıştır. BO ve BS, toplam PCB'ler için sırasıyla %14 ve %19, PBDE'ler için ise %33 ve %24 olarak giderim verimlilikleri sağlamış; bu değerler, doğal giderim (PCB'ler için %12 ve PBDE'ler için %8) setine kıyasla daha iyi performans gösterdiği için harici katkıların önemini kanıtlamıştır. PCB'ler için bozunma hızları BO'da (0,00124 klor/bifenil/gün-Cl/bp/gün) BS'den (0,00085 Cl/bp/gün) daha yüksek iken, PBDE'lerin bozunma hızı BS'de (0,00945 brom/difenil eter/gün-Br/dp/gün) BO'ya (0,00741 Br/dp/gün) kıyasla daha hızlı olmuştur. BO ve BS stratejileri toplam PCB ve PBDE konsantrasyonlarını azaltmış olsa da, zamanla daha düşük halojenli bileşiklerin oluşumu ekotoksikolojik riski işaret etmiştir. PCB-52 sürekli olarak yüksek risk sergilerken, BDE-28 BS'de yüksek risk kategorisine çıkmış ve BDE-153 tüm uygulamalarda yüksek ve orta risk seviyeleri arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, in situ biyoiyileştirme uygulamalarından önce laboratuvar ölçekli çalışmaların yapılmasının, giderim verimliliği ve potansiyel riskleri değerlendirme açısından önemini ve gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.
  • Master Thesis
    Long Range Atmospheric Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants To Izmir
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Ayri, İlknur; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Sofuoğlu, Aysun
    In this study, passive samplers were placed in 10 provinces and an active sampler in Izmir in order to examine the long-range transport of POPs that are released into the environment due to the effects of the war in countries next to our southeast border. The ten cities were classified into three proximity groups: close, middle, and far. According to correlation analysis, central tendency statistics for various congeners showed an increasing trend with proximity to the war zone. However, support by hypothesis testing with Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA tests were limited: PBDE-183, Σ45PCB and dieldrin in winter, PBDE-28, PBDE-99, PBDE-154, p,p'-DDE, Σ14PBDE and Σ25OCP in the transition period, and PBDE-28, PBDE-99, PBDE-85, PBDE-154, PBDE-190, PCB-52, Σ45PCB, p,p'-DDE and Σ25OCP in the whole sampling period. Back-trajectory frequency analysis of passive sampling indicated that air masses were transported from the war zone to the close region, but it was limited for middle and far regions deeming support by back-trajectory analysis of active sampling not possible, which show that the main route of air masses were Europe, Russia, and the former Soviet Union countries, and North Africa. Concentrations measured by passive air sampling being relatively higher both in the close-group and far-group especially in winter than in the middle-group. The result of passive sampling indicates that the southwest border of Turkey was impacted by POPs which were transported from the war zone while the west of the country was impacted by those from areas in north and northeast.
  • Master Thesis
    Persistent Organic Pollutants in Turkey's Atmosphere: Spatial Variation
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2015) Çiçek, Tuğba; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Kurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur
    The objectives of this study was to measure ambient air levels of 43 PCBs and 22 OCPs in 16 cities at urban and background sites by using polyurethane foam discs (PUF) as passive air samplers (PAS), to investigate spatial variations, and to generate a baseline database which is the first large-scale nationwide database for POP residues in air of Turkey. Air sampling was conducted from May 2014 to April 2015 with three-month sampling periods. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry after extraction, clean-up, and volume reduction. The one-year overall average Σ43PCBs concentration was 108±132 pg/m3. The one-year average of Σ43PCBs ranged from 14.5±14.3 pg/m3 (Kayseri) to 403±428 pg/m3 (İzmir) at urban sites with a mean of 116±141 pg/m3, and from 19.0±22.7 pg/m3 (Aksaray) to 217±353 pg/m3 (Kastamonu) at rural sites with a mean of 101±122 pg/m3. PCB 118 had the highest mean concentration (26.3±44.6 pg/m3) among the 43 PCB congeners. The PCB homologue group with the highest contribution was penta-CBs with 54.3%. Overall one-year average Σ22OCPs concentration was 341±870 pg/m3 with a range of 55.3±36.5 pg/m3 (Çankırı) and 1294±2153 pg/m3 (Kırklareli). ΣDDT had the highest overall mean level with 134±296 pg/m3 among the OCP groups. The highest concentration OCPs were p’p-DDE (97.6±236 pg/m3), HCB (45.3±197 pg/m3), α-HCH (22.0±92.8 pg/m3), β-HCH (21.8±96.1 pg/m3), and p’p-DDT (21.3±77.4 pg/m3). Principle Components Analysis showed that, in addition to the OCP with the highest concentration (p’p-DDE), parent OCP compounds such as α-endosulfan, α-HCH, HCB, and p’p-DDT differed from the others, and some of the remaining decay products were grouped together indicating similar behavior. Highly chlorinated PCBs were clustered together. Mann-Whitney U test indicated that the difference in the median concentrations of urban and rural sites was not significant. It was also used to test the significance of temperature effect on the median concentrations at a high and a low temperature range. The medians were significantly different for HCB, dieldrin, p’p-DDT, and β-endosulfan at urban sites but not significant for the remaining OCPs and ΣPCBs. The difference in the medians was significant for HCB, heptachlor, dieldrin, endrin, p’p-DDE, Mirex, and ΣPCBs at rural sites