Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

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Publisher: search.filters.publisher.01. Izmir Institute of TechnologySubject: search.filters.subject.Composite materials

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  • Master Thesis
    Design of Cnt Fiber Reinforced Laminates for Minimum Weight
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Karaosmanoğlu, Burhan Burak; Artem, Hatice Seçil
    Kompozit malzemeler günümüzde üretim ve uygulamalardaki yüksek işlevsellikleri nedeniyle birçok alanda yer bulmaktadır. Özellikle, yüksek performans özellikleri kazandırmak amacıyla kompozit güçlendirme malzemesi olarak Karbon Nanotüplerin (CNT) kullanımına olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Bu tezde 16 katmanlı, simetrik ve dengeli CNT-fiber takviyeli kompozit laminalar minimum ağırlık tasarımı için incelenmiştir. Yenilik olarak, klasik lamina teorisi dahilinde tanımlanan burkulma problemi bağlamında iki farklı minimum ağırlık tasarım yaklaşımı iki farklı problem altında sunulmuş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma kritik burkulma yükü faktörünün ağırlığa oranı şeklinde tanımlanan dizayn verimliği kriteri üzerinden yapılmıştır. Tek ve çok amaçlı genetik algoritmalar kullanılmış; ayrıca tam sayı problemlerine uyarlanmış önerilen bir benzetilmiş tavlama algoritması da test edilmiştir. CNT'lere ek olarak epoksi matris, cam fiber malzemelerinden oluşan laminanın etkin malzeme özellikleri fiber mikromekanik ve Halpin-Tsai modelleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İlk problemde, kritik burkulma yükü faktörünün maksimize edilmesi için çözüme geçmeden önce her bir katmanda CNT ve fiber içerikleri fonksiyonel olarak dağıtılmış, tam sayı fiber açıları ise tasarım değişkenleri olarak alınmıştır. İkinci problemde, kritik burkulma yükü faktörü ve ağırlık çok amaçlı optimizasyon olarak ele alınmış, CNT'lerin ağırlık oranı, fiberlerin hacim oranı ve tam sayı fiber açıları tasarım değişkenleri olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, CNT'lerin ve fiberlerin dağılımının tasarım etkinliğini nasıl etkilediği gösterilmiş ve çok amaçlı optimizasyon yaklaşımın tek amaçlı alternatife kıyasla daha yüksek tasarım verimliliği sağladığı ortaya konulmuştur.
  • Master Thesis
    Production and Characterization of Composed-Based Friction Materials for Safety Cluthes in Aviation Applications
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Karabulut, Orhan; Akkurt, Sedat; Sütçü, Mücahit
    Debriyaj sistemleri, araç hızını kontrol etmede kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, uçak debriyaj sistemleri, yüzey malzemelerinin kimyasal ve mekanik özellikleri, üretim yöntemleri ve kullanım koşulları incelenmiştir. Ticari kompozit esaslı bir uçak fren balatası (Trimat MN2221) malzeme karakterizasyonu, mikro yapısal (OM, SEM-EDS), faz (XRD), kimyasal (XRF), bağ yapısı (FTIR) ve termal (TGA) analizleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yeni balata formülasyonları geliştirilmiş ve kompozit balata üretim yöntemleri kullanılarak sabit koşullar altında güvenlik debriyaj balataları üretilmiştir. Farklı katkı maddeleri ve karışım oranları ile deneyler yapılarak balata özelliklerindeki farklılıklar analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, fenolik reçine, kuvars, alümina, cam elyafı ve grafit miktarlarının sürtünme kuvveti ve aşınma direnci üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Farklı oranlarda alümina (Al2O3) ve kuvars (SiO2) içeren üç farklı debriyaj balatası örneği üretilmiş ve sürtünme özellikleri test edilmiştir. Benzer deneyler, fenolik reçine, cam elyafı ve grafit miktarları değiştirilerek tekrar edilmiştir. SAE J661 standardına göre sürtünme-aşınma testleri yapılmış, yoğunluk, yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve sertlik gibi fiziksel özellikler değerlendirilmiştir. Yoğunluk kütle-hacim ilişkisine göre hesaplanmış, sertlik SHORE D cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. TSE 555 standardına göre spesifik aşınma oranları belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, alüminanın sürtünme malzemelerini ve debriyaj performansını artırdığını, kuvarsın ise sürtünme katsayısını iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir. Çalışma, debriyaj performansı için en uygun formülasyon ve optimum üretim parametrelerini belirlemiştir.
  • Master Thesis
    Investigation of the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Barium Glass and Zirconia Nanoparticle Filled Resin-Based Dental Composites
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Çerci, Nazife; Tanoğlu, Metin
    Geleneksel olarak diş dolgularında kullanılan amalgamlar, büyük ölçüde içerdikleri cıva nedeniyle bir dizi ciddi sağlık sorununa neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca dişin rengine uymayan amalgam dolgular estetiği de olumsuz etkilemektedir. Öte yandan, diş rengiyle uyumu, yüksek mekanik özellikleri, yüksek radyopasitesi, düşük polimerizasyon büzülmesi ve uygulama kolaylığı nedeniyle iyi bir estetik görünüme sahip olan reçine bazlı dental kompozitlerin geliştirilmesi, diş hekimliğinde amalgam dolgulara tercih edilen alternatif haline gelmiştir. Bu tezde, farklı konsantrasyonlardaki (ağ.%) zirkonya ve baryum cam nanopartiküllerinin reçine esaslı kompozitin mekanik ve fiziksel özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Kompozitlerin toplam dolgu maddesi konsantrasyonu ağ.% 65'tir. Kompozitler, sırasıyla ağ.% 40, ağ.% 30 ve ağ.%30 Bis-GMA, UDMA ve TEGDMA içeren bir monomer karışımında ağ.% 20 ve ağ.% 30 yüzey modifiye baryum camı, ağ.% 1 ve ağ.% 2 yüzey modifiye zirkonya nanopartiküllerinin dağıtılmasıyla hazırlanmıştır. Reçine esaslı kompozitlerin mekanik özellikleri; eğilme mukavemeti ve basınç mukavemeti, kürlenme derinliği, polimerizasyon büzülmesi ve su sorpsiyonu ve çözünürlüğü incelenmiştir. Kompozitlerin kırılma yüzeyi taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Üç nokta eğme ve sıkıştırma testi sonuçları, baryum camı ve zirkonya nanopartiküllerinin kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerini belirgin şekilde geliştirdiğini göstermiştir. ağ.% 30 baryum camı ve ağ.% 1 zirkonya içeren Ba30Z1 numunesi, referans numuneye göre %37'lik bir artışla 79,09 ± 3,32 MPa ile en yüksek eğilme dayanımına ulaşmıştır. ağ.% 20 baryum camı ve ağ.% 2 zirkonya içeren Ba20Z2 numunesi, referans numuneye göre %41'lik bir artışla 250,05 ± 8,01 MPa ile en yüksek basınç dayanımına ulaşmıştır.
  • Master Thesis
    Investigating the Filament Wound Hybrid Cylindrical Structures With Enhanced Thermal Properties by Numerical Analysis
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Özkan, Mert; Tanoğlu, Metin
    The filament winding method is a composite production technique found at the beginning of the 20th century. The technique has been used in different fields since the day it was introduced in literature. Today, with the developments in the continuous fiber structure used in this technique and the development of carbon technology, filament-wound composites are widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and defense industries. In this study, the finite element method was used to model filament-wound composite cylinders. It was wanted to observe the matrix effect of the composite structure numerically and criticize experimentally produced composites. Even though the current studies work on a hybridized composite structure with respect to the fiber, this study tried to find the hybridized matrix effect by numerical analysis. For this purpose, in this study, the finite element program ANSYS was used. In order to make realistic calculations with ANSYS, material data were observed from composite plates. Finite element models created with the obtained data were compared with the experimental results. The analysis results were observed with the help of the first-ply failure theory. In addition, since the pattern representations from the winding poles cannot be displayed in ANSYS, the pattern effect was ignored, and comparison were made with the assumption of a full layer at given angles. As a result of all this study, although there were differences between experimental and finite element methods' models in homogeneity and pattern, methods' comparisons gave consistent and close results.
  • Master Thesis
    Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Composite Aerospace Structures Developed by Laser Surface Treatment
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Nuhoğlu, Kaan; Tanoğlu, Metin
    Among the various joining techniques, adhesive bonding is a feasible alternative to mechanical fasteners to prevent incisions and discontinuity on aerospace structures. The performance of the bonded structures highly depends on the adhesion strength, which is directly related to the condition of the bonding surface. It is for this that laser surface treatment, a recently developing technique to improve bonding performance, has become suited for CFRP structures. Yet, predicting the failure strength and mechanism is vital for designing primary aircraft structures involving adhesively bonded composite structures. The scope of this paper consists of the validation and evaluation of adhesive bonding behavior in the case of joining between laser surface-treated CFRP structures, in particular, components of an aircraft wing box. To this end, both the experiment and numerical investigations of the secondary bonded coupons were examined. This study, in other words, includes experimentally revealing the bonding behavior through coupon and element-level mechanical test setups, as well as the simulation of those structures in the computer environment by performing FEA to predict the failure load and damage growth. In this regard, besides observing the effects of the laser surface treatment on the pure and mix-mode behaviors by means of the DCB, ENF, SLJ, and SSJ tests, identical specimens were numerically analyzed by utilizing macro-scale 2D and 3D models, employing the CZM technique. Meanwhile, a novel characterization study and the resulting TSL parameter identification method were achieved for an accurate numerical analysis. Eventually, in addition to the application methodology, the capabilities and appropriateness of the presented FEA method were discussed, comparing experimental and numerical results.
  • Master Thesis
    Development and Experimental Characterization of Filament Wound Hybrid Cylindrical Structures With Enhanced Thermal Properties
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Özarslan, Dora; Tanoğlu, Metin
    Composite tube components have key roles in many industrial applications, such as pipelines, drive shafts, airplane fuselages, and offshore construction components. Filament winding technology has enabled precise tailoring and manufacturing processes, allowing for a variety of applications to be manufactured with advanced machinery. In this study, the aim was to enhance the thermal properties without any significant change in the mechanical properties. Therefore, the samples were manufactured as carbon fiber composite tubes with different resin layer configurations by utilizing filament winding technology. The fiber orientation was set to a 55° winding angle with a 5/3 pattern to wrap over a 58.8 mm diameter mandrel as a 5-layer stacking. Due to difficulties in manufacturing different stacked groups of phenolin resin layers, only two groups (one with a 5-layer carbon epoxy resin group and one with a 4-layer carbon epoxy resin with 1 outer layer of carbon phenolin resin group) were successfully manufactured and thus tested. For each group, with dimensions of ±62.7 mm outer diameter and ±1.95 mm thickness with an 800 mm length, two composite tubes were manufactured. Before the test procedures, the homogeneity and quality of the groups were analyzed. For the observation of properties, mechanical and thermal tests were conducted: Apparent hoop tensile, radial compression, 3-point bending, Flammability, Thermogravimetric analysis, Differential scanning calorimeter, Thermal conductivity. The tests were proceeded according to their standards. The results and failure behaviors demonstrate that, with the replacement of the outer layer with phenolin resin, no significant improvement or drawback was observed compared to its fully epoxy resin counterpart.
  • Master Thesis
    Polyropylene - natural zeolite composite films
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 1999) Özmıhçı, Filiz; Balköse, Devrim
    In this project, preparation and characterization of polypropylene natural zeolite composites were studied. Three different series of preparation methods were performed, hot press, microscope slide, and extrusion. The composites are ranged between 0-10 wt%, 0-50 wt%, and 0-6 wt% zeolites, for hot press, microscope slide, and extrusion respectively.Polymer matrix composites are materials which contain polymers as matrix materials surrounding very small reinforcing fibers or fillers. Polymeric composites have great potential from a manufacturing standpoint and show advantages. Such as they are inexpensive, derive from natural sources, present lower density than mineral fillers, and increases the mechanical properties of the final product.In this research polypropylene was used as a matrix material and natural zeolite as a filler. Natural zeolite particles were modified with polyethylene glycol to break agglomerates and make a homogenous dispersion of natural zeolite in polypropylene matrix. These composites were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analyzer, infrared spectrophotometer, optical microscopy, mechanical testing and by density measurement device. It has been found that, branched shaped air pockets existed in hot pressed and extruded composites. This causes low mechanical strength, and the densities of these films also indicate the presence of voids in the composite.
  • Master Thesis
    Preparation and Characterization of Ha Powders-Dense and Porous Ha Based Composite Materials
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Şimşek, Deniz; Çiftçioğlu, Muhsin; Şimşek, Deniz; Çiftçioğlu, Muhsin
    The synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) powers, whiskers and preparation of HA based ceramics have been investigated in this work. Commercial HA powders were used for comparion purposes. The powder and sintered ceramics were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM,XRD, particle size determination, dilatometry and mechanical testing.Ca-P powders were synthesized by using (NH4)2HPO4 and Ca(NO3)2. 4H2O by aprecipitation method in aqueous medium. Ca/P ratio was set to 1,5 and 1,667 that yield the mixture of Ca-P phases and HA powder respectively at pH 10, 60 C and 24hrs aging. Ca/P ratio was set to 1,667 and the effect of pH of the medium, aging temperature and aging time on the powder characteristics was investigated. pH was set to 4,6,8,9,10 and 11 while aging temperature and time kept constant at 60 C and 24 hrs.Formation of HA powder was observed over pH 8. Agglomerated Monetite-Brushite powder was obtained at pH.4. Monodispersed prismatic Brushite crystals were obtained at pH.6. Aging temperature investigation was performed at 30-90 C at pH.10 for 24 hrs aging. Increase in the aging temperature led to formation of more thermally stable HA phase. Precipitates were aged for 0, 0.5, 1, 24 and 48 hours at constant pH.10 and temperature 60 C. Thermally stable HA phase was obtained over 24hr aging. All of the oven-dried precipitates were heat treated at 400-1250 C range in order to investigate the thermal stability and phase structure development. Optimum conditions for the precipitation of thermally stable HA powder was determined as pH.10, 60 C aging temperature and 24 hrs aging time that yields equaxed HA powder with particle size about 40-60 nm.Molten salt synthesis (MSS) and hydrothermal synthesis (HDT) were used to prepare HA whiskers. XRD patterns of both whiskers have shown that HA was the dominant phase in whiskers and no other phases were detected. Hydrothermal whiskers had submicron diameters with an average aspect ratio of 20. The diameter of the MSS whiskers were in the 1-5 micron range and were mostly hexagonal with an average aspect ratio of 10.10, 20 and 30 vol% whisker containing composites were prepared. Sintering behavior and mechanical properties were investigated. 98% TD of HA ceramics (3.16 g/cm3) was obtained in the 1150-12500C range. 80-90% TD was obtained at above 1200 C for the MSS whisker composites with very little shinkages. Densities of the HDT whisker containing composites were higher than those of the MSS whisker composites. The highest hardness value was determined as 537 Hv for the HA ceramics 1250 C sintered. Hardness of the composites was lower than that of pure HA powder based ceramics due to the presence of relatively high porosity. 10vol% MSS whisker addition yields comparable compressive strength (460-470 MPa) and elastic modulus values (14-17 GPa) with that of natural bone tissues (170-193 MPa compressive strength, 14-18 GPa elastic modulus).