Master Degree / Yüksek Lisans Tezleri

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/3008

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Conservation and restoration

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 23
  • Master Thesis
    Conservation Strategies Against Climate Change Effects on Coastal Historic Settlements: the Case of Kuşadasi Citadel
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Çıkıkçı, Süleyman Burçak; Yüceer, Hülya; Baba, Alper
    Climate change is currently one of the most essential and fastest-growing threats to people and their heritage around the world. Heritage assets and sites are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to their age and being in constant interaction with the environment and weathering processes. In particular, historic coastal settlements are highly vulnerable to climate change effects due to their proximity to the sea, which may lead to coastal erosion, changing sea levels, abrupt changes in air temperatures, storms and floods that may damage or even lead to the disappearance of these areas. Thus, developing resilience through tailor-made conservation strategies for historic coastal settlements is crucial to transfer them to future generations. In this context, this study discusses the effects of climate change through the example of Kuşadası Citadel, a historical coastal settlement located in the Mediterranean Basin, which is expected to be highly vulnerable to climate change. The study identified the potential conservation problems that may arise from the effects of climate change on the listed and 'façade to be conserved' immovable cultural assets of the Kuşadası Citadel. Accordingly, the study has developed its method. Area-specific climate change impacts were determined, vulnerability and risk analyses were performed, and administrative, site and building-scale conservation strategies were developed. In conclusion, strategies have been developed for the Kuşadası Citadel, which is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, to protect it from these effects at different scales. It is an example of coastal settlement research in the context of climate change adaptation and gives guidance for local-scale conservation efforts.
  • Master Thesis
    The Structural Conservation Problems of Traditional Houses in Eryeri, Mardin, Artuklu
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Ercan Gündüz, Yasemin; Turan, Mine; Aktaş, Engin
    The aim of this study is to document the construction techniques, material usage, and structural failures of the traditional houses in a village of Mardin, Eryeri, in order to guide a conservation aimed development plan that will be prepared in the future and enhance the related rehabilitation implementations. Eight houses that have preserved their authenticity were selected. Field survey focusing on the structural elements such as foundations, walls, floors, and roofs was conducted with the conventional techniques of architectural restoration. Both failures and also alterations of the buildings were documented. The changes and alterations of the houses are documented. Visual analysis of the constructional qualities was made with Archicad23 tools. Comparison with the traditional houses in the vicinity was made with reference to data gathered via field survey, literature review and archive research. As a result, the traditional houses are integrated with the rocky terrain of the region and in masonry system. There is an intense use of local stone, Yellow Limestone. Vaults are common superstructure elements, but timber floor is also possible. The walls are stone masonry in all. The common structural problems are demolition of structural elements such as roofs. The causes of severe failures are neglect and natural aging. The reinforced concrete additions flanking to the authentic structures also cause failure. Within the scope of the conservation plan, it is important to prevent reinforced concrete annexes and to intervene the annexes that cause excessive loads urgently.
  • Master Thesis
    Guidelines To Conservation of Abandoned Balıklıova Village
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Aydınalp, Sait; Yüceer, Hülya
    Communities have determined their particular ways of life by shaping their past experiences. These experiences which have developed on people and environment have formed the cultural values through the transmission to future generations. In the rural setting, human interactions are more introverted. As a result, the originality of intangible and tangible values in rural settlements could be conserved more when compared to urban settlements. Unfortunately, some rural settlements have been abandoned for human, natural or other-related reasons. These settlements which are trapped in the period they were abandoned are the most crucial evidence of their time. Many abandoned rural settlements like this in Turkiye are in danger of annihilation. In the literature, a limited number of studies have focused on abandoned villages. Balıklıova, one of the rare examples of abandoned rural settlements, has been conserved with its unique architectural values. Stone houses, public buildings and village square/agora still have the power to make the visitors feel the atmosphere of rural life. Today, the local people of Balıklıova still live nearby and their ongoing interactions with the abandoned village make this place even more unique because the bond between the area and the people is completely broken in many abandoned rural settlements. The human element is one of the essential factors in the revival of the original values of abandoned settlements. In this study, the tangible and intangible values of Balıklıova Village, which was abandoned after the earthquake in 1969, were documented and evaluated. In this context, conservation proposals have been developed to reuse Balıklıova Village and conserve its values in terms of cultural heritage. In addition, the new Balıklıova settlement in the coastal area, which was a part of the abandonment process and where locals live, has been examined within the scope of the thesis. This study is intended to be an exemplary guide for abandoned rural settlements. It has been suggested that it would be valuable to support the conservation and survival endeavor regarding Balıklıova with further studies.
  • Master Thesis
    Assessment of Conservation Interventions at Bouleuteria in Anatolia
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Tekin, Tuğçe; İpekoğlu, Başak
    Various conservation implementations are carried out in archaeological sites reflecting the settlement characteristics and values of the area where they are located. It is seen that conservation implementations are commonly carried out in theatres, temples, fountains, baths, churches and bouleuteria. Bouleuteria are council buildings generally planned close to the theatre and in connection with the agora. These structures with a public function, where public assembly convened, have a square or semi-circular plan, and are covered. Bouleuteria bear importance as they were frequently used during the Greek and Hellenistic periods. During the Roman period, the need for this type of structure faded away and the existing bouleuteria were utilised as odeions. Some of the bouleuteria are used today for open-air gatherings, and for this reason conservation implementations are carried out. In this study, the architectural features of the Bouleuteria of Iasos, Patara, Ephesus, and Kibyra and the impacts of the conservation implementations were examined. The effects of implementations changed depending on whether the scale of the implementation was partial or comprehensive. The materials and techniques used also varied according to their compatibility with the authentic condition. As a result of the evaluation criteria, it has been determined that conservation of original values at the structure scale can be achieved by making plans depending on the condition of the original remains.
  • Master Thesis
    Investigation of the Indoor Microclimate of Historic Agios Voukolos (aziz Vukolos) Church in İzmir To Determine and Imporve Thermal Comfort Conditions
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Akın Yalçın, Damla; İpekoğlu, Başak
    The conservation of the historical building by improving the thermal comfort conditions contributes to the reuse of the buildings. Besides thermal improvement, the authentic values of the historical building should be taken into consideration. The aim of this thesis is to examine the effects of indoor microclimate characteristics of historic Agios Voukolos Church on the occupants and the wall paintings of the building, and to bring improvement suggestions that consider the values of the historical church by evaluating the thermal comfort conditions. The method of the study consists of on-site examination, on-site measurements of microclimate parameters, calculations and surveys. Air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and mean radiant temperature measurements were conducted. In order to determine thermal comfort level, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV)–Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) method developed by Fanger (1967, 1970) was used and survey studies were carried out during activities in winter. The threshold values specified in the ISO 7730:2005 and EN 16798-1:2019 standards were taken into account. According to the calculations, it was understood that the occupants felt warm in July and August, and cold in November through March. Survey study conducted in winter also confirmed that occupants are not satisfied with thermal comfort conditions. Additionally, respective UNI 10829:1999 standard and the decree published by the Italian Ministry of Culture in 2001 were used to determine the effect of indoor microclimate on wall paintings and ornaments. As a result, secondary glazing system, nighttime ventilation and radiant heaters were suggested for thermal improvement.
  • Master Thesis
    Evaluating the Conservation Problems of Tells in Şanlıurfa
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Aynas, Delal; Kul, Fatma Nurşen
    Tells are special archaeological mound forms that provide an understanding of the history of settlement and the reciprocal interaction between humans and nature through the remains of settlements re-built in the same place. Since the tells represent the cultures of life and settlements of different periods, they should be conserved as a part of cultural heritage. However, studies in which the tells are defined as cultural heritage to be conserved are limited. Instead, these areas are considered as places to be excavated for obtaining information. The aim of this study is to understand the conservation problems of the tells through the tells in Şanlıurfa and to present conservation principles for these areas. The method of the study consists of literature review, archive survey for the tells in Şanlıurfa, and on-site examination of the selected tells via site survey. In this respect, the general characteristics, conservation problems, and potentials and values of Ayanlar Tell, Fıstıklı Tell, Gözeler Tell, Harran Tell, Kurban Tell, Sultantepe Tell, Yaylak Tell, Yeni Mahalle Tell and Zeytinli Bahçe Tell in Şanlıurfa are evaluated. The conservation problems and potentials of tells are different from each other depending on their intrinsic characteristics. As a result, general conservation approaches and principles are proposed in the light of defined and evaluated conservation problems and with the help of analyzing successfuly preserved examples. It is concluded a comprehensive and holistic perspective should be established in the conservation of the tells, considering all historical layers, as well as the present-day traditional settlement layer.
  • Master Thesis
    Lime Mortar and Plaster Characteristics of Some Byzantine Period Buildungs in Kadıkalesi (anaia) and Ayasuluk Hill
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Işık, Tuğçe; Uğurlu Sağın, Elif
    In this study, characteristics of lime mortars and plasters from Kadıkalesi and Ayasuluk were evaluated by considering the sites, construction periods, function, contained aggregate types. Results compared with Byzantine lime mortar studies. For this purpose, basic physical properties, raw material compositions, geological features, mineralogical and chemical compositions, hydraulic and microstructural properties were determined by RILEM standard test methods, SEM-EDS, XRD and TGA. Also, possible raw material provenances used in the production of mortars and plasters were determined. According to results, pure lime and pozzolanic aggregates were used in the production of these mortars and plasters. Lime/aggregate ratios may have differed as a result of the geological origins of aggregates and raw material resources. The mortars and plasters had hydraulic properties due to the pozzolanic aggregates. Natural aggregates consisted of different types of rocks with angular forms were obtained from breccia sources found in the Menderes Massif units. The differences in mineralogical and chemical compositions revealed that different raw material sources were used in Kadıkalesi and Ayasuluk. Natural aggregates of Kadıkalesi mortars may have been obtained from the mountain slopes of Büyük Menderes containing mostly carbonate rock fragments, while those Ayasuluk's may have been obtained from the mountain slopes of Küçük Menderes containing a high percentage of volcanic particles. Brick aggregates were produced at firing temperatures between 800−900°C using clay with low Ca content. In both sites, the physical properties, chemical, mineralogical compositions and hydraulic properties of lime mortars and plasters did not change significantly according to different construction periods and location of use in the building. The differences determined in their chemical and mineralogical compositions resulted from the type of aggregates used and the diversity of raw material sources. The use of mortars and plasters with similar properties in different periods revealed that the production technology had been transferred and maintained over the centuries, also suitable sources had been consciously chosen to produce hydraulic lime mortars and plasters.
  • Master Thesis
    Characteristics of Byzantine Period Building Bricks Used in St.jean Basilica (ayasuluk Hill) and Anaia Church (kadıkalesi)
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Çam, Elif; Uğurlu Sağın, Elif
    Fired bricks, one of the oldest man-made building materials, are historical documents that reflect the production technologies of their periods and the raw material characteristics of the geography they were located. Characterization of bricks is essential for revealing production techniques of their times and contributing to conservation works on monuments built with this material to pass through next generations. The fired bricks were frequently used as one of the important building materials in Byzantine Architecture. In this study, the fired bricks collected from the different construction periods of St. Jean Basilica, Ayasuluk Hill and Anaia Church, Kadıkalesi, which belong to the Byzantine Period, were investigated to determine material properties, periodical differences, and production technologies. The properties of Byzantine bricks were determined by standard test methods, compression tests, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, and TGA analyses. According to the results, brick samples taken from both areas were highly porous and low-dense materials. Ca-poor clay source was used in producing St. Jean Basilica bricks, while Anaia Church bricks were produced with Ca-rich clay sources. This situation was decisive in the colour of bricks, and St. Jean Basilica bricks were in reddish colours, while Anaia Church bricks were in brown/beige colours. Also, raw material was extracted from a single source in the production of all St. Jean Basilica bricks, while two different sources were utilized for Anaia Church bricks throughout the three construction periods. Besides, the bricks of both churches were found to be fired at low temperatures (700–900°C) due to the technology of Byzantine kilns. Despite low firing temperatures, the majority of the bricks did not possess pozzolanic properties since they did not contain a sufficient amount of clay minerals. The highest mechanical strength was determined in the bricks with higher firing temperature and bricks with the higher calcium content. The properties of fired bricks were differentiated based on production technologies; contrary, a distinctive difference was not observed depending on their periods.
  • Master Thesis
    The Effect of Restoration Interventions on the Indoor Climate of Historic Buildings: Case Study of Tire Necip Paşa Library, İzmir, Turkey
    (Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Çağırgan, Umut; Durmuş Arsan, Zeynep; Gökçen Akkurt, Gülden
    Libraries are collections of recorded information which can host cultural heritage values that must be protected against mechanical, chemical and biological degradation. To prevent degradations, libraries require stable indoor climates with minimal temperature and relative humidity fluctuations and low concentrations of indoor air pollutants. Aim of the thesis is to investigate if installing a HVAC system is effective in improving the indoor climate of a historic library as a long-term preventive conservation method on the preservation of paper-based collections. Tire Necip Paşa Library in İzmir was selected as the case building which underwent restoration and a HVAC system integration in 2015. Library’s indoor climate was investigated before 2015 which allowed the comparison of pre- and post-restoration periods. Within the scope of this thesis, library was monitored at five locations between 2019-2021. 2019-2020 monitoring results were compared to pre-restoration monitoring results in terms of degradation risks and ASHRAE Chapter 23 control classes. Pre- and post-restoration indoor climates satisfied A1 and AA control classes, respectively. While there were mechanical and chemical degradation risks before restoration, no risk was observed post-restoration. There was no biological degradation risk during either periods. Additionally air pollutants were sampled during summer and winter of 2020-2021 which showed high SO2 and NO2 concentrations. Lastly the BES model of library was prepared and calibrated to investigate if existing HVAC system will continue to provide a stable indoor climate on future. The results of 2050 and 2080 simulations showed that HVAC system will struggle to provide a stable indoor climate.
  • Master Thesis
    Restoration and Presentation of Byzantine Defense Structures in Cilicia
    (01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Kenar, Aylin; Turan, Mine
    The aim of this study is to evaluate current restorations and presentations of Byzantine defense structures in terms of sustaining and enhancement of the cultural heritage values and their success in solving conservation problems. So, better management of future interventions may be possible. Case study approach was undertaken: Three castle ruins in Cilicia, Turkey were focused on: Yılan and Feke castles and Kızkalesi in Korykos. The cases are located in the present-day rural areas. They are restored recently. The study consists of literature review, site survey, documentation and analysis of geographic characteristics, historic background, morphologic characteristics, construction technique and material usage and conservation activities of the case studies, identification of the cultural heritage values and conservation problems before and after interventions at the landscape, site and building scales; and discussion of the effects of the interventions on values and problems in comparison with case studies from abroad. As a result, it was determined that interventions were either unsystematic or implemented more than necessary. There is lack of a holistic approach for interventions. While some portions were intervened, others were left in-situ without any interventions. There is a tendency for reconstruction and reintegration in general. It was seen that current interventions either sustain already accumulated cultural heritage values or they have negative impact on them. Consequently, enhancement of values is not observed. Meanwhile, some of the conservation problems were ignored.