Civil Engineering / İnşaat Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/13
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Conference Object Factors Affecting the Quality of Groundwater Resources and Its Effects in Turkey(Bozok Üniversitesi, 2016) Baba, AlperMany civilizations have been located along the water basins throughout history. Civilizations have enabled the survival and growth by these water resources in world. For natural wealth, the need of water is increase. Therefore, investigation of the water potential, available of protection, efficient and planned use has begun to supply vital.Conference Object Evidence for Sea Water Intrusion in Karstic Aquifer of Karaburun Peninsula, Nw Turkey(International Water Association, 2017) Baba, Alper; Gündüz, Orhan; Şimşek, Celalettin; Elçi, Alper; Murathan, Alim; Sözbilir, HasanKarstic aquifers are considered to be significant sources of groundwater and are mostly under threat due to sea water intrusion in many parts of the world. Seawater intrusion is also a common problem on karstic aquifers of Karaburun Peninsula in north of Mediterranean Region. The hydrogeology of Karaburun Peninsula is fairly complex and is mostly characterized by highly permeable karstic formations with significant water storage in an otherwise water scarce area. The karstic aquifers of the region were recently found to be under severe salt water intrusion, which significantly altered the position of fresh water/sea water interface as a result of excessive pumping and fault zones controlling the karstic network.Conference Object Groundwater Resources in Local Development Strategies: Case of Izmir(International Water Association, 2017) Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Yazdani, Hamidreza; Baba, AlperRural socio economic development has gained utmost importance in Turkish Metropolitan Municipalities within the frame of recent legal changes extending boundaries towards their peripheral areas. With this regard, Ġzmir Metropolitan Municipality has completed series of local development strategies aiming at the sustainable development of the city‘s rural hinterland. For three fertile sub region of Izmir, namely as Yarımada, Gediz Bakırçay and Küçük Menderes, local development strategies were prepared consecutively. In the framework of local development strategies; agriculture, tourism, settlement pattern and culture, local innovation and entrepreneurship, and environmental issues and water resources were examined as project themes. Among them, water resources has utmost important since the local development of whole sectors are largely dependent on them. Therefore, local development strategies have underlined the reality of river basins and potentials and limitations on groundwater resources due to the fact that surface waters have already been contaminated.Conference Object The Impacts of Planning Criteria’s on Groundwater Sources: Case of Izmir New City Center(International Water Association, 2017) Yazdani, Hamidreza; Baba, AlperCities with historical background, according to their geographic or economic alteration generally possess different town centers. Mostly for better protection against human or non-human factors the center of cities are relocated. The city of Ġzmir is one the magnificent case of city center resettlements. The premier location of city that is estimated to be 5000-8000 years before was in Bornova reeds in the north. Far from the sea and as results of serious disease the settlement relocated to Smyrna in Bayraklı. Smyrna was then abounded after massive earthquakes. Pagos hills (Kadifekale) with its great defending potential become the next city of Smyrna. Then, the economic value of harbor and rail-way moved the city to the cost. In all this location selection, geographic characters present crucial role in optimizing the decision.Conference Object Evaluating Impacts of Urbanization on Recharge of Groundwater Resources: Case Study: Bornova Plain (izmir/Turkey)(International Water Association, 2017) Yazdani, Hamidreza; Kılıç, Çılga; Baba, AlperIncreasing the World‘s population and industrialization in parallel with urbanization has created serious problems on water resources. Over the next forty years it is expected to add 2,5 million people on world population. To fulfill the needs of increasing population, the water demand will increase but the increasing of demand towards water is more rapid than increasing of population. Urbanization is a global phenomenon that is quickly altering the physical structure of any region. Bornova plain is located in water basin of Ġzmir where it is the most important settlement of the Aegean Region from the ancient ages to the current era. In this study, impacts of urbanization and population growth on groundwater resources were analyzed using GIS in Bornova Plain, where it is one of the most important groundwater aquifers and it supports about 16% of domestic water resources of Izmir City.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Arsenic in Groundwater in Western Anatolia, Turkey: a Review(University of Silesia Press, 2010) Gündüz, Orhan; Baba, Alper; Elpit, HandanOccurrence of arsenic (As) in groundwater has been a major problem worldwide for the last hundred years. Considering its toxic effects on human health, the presence of elevated levels of arsenic in groundwater resources used in drinking water supply has been an active research field throughout the world (Van Halem et al., 2009). In this regard, case studies from Bangla-desh, India, Nepal, El Salvador, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Chile, China, Canada, Argentina, Peru, Taiwan, United States, Bolivia and Turkey have been documented with regards to the detection of natural levels in groundwater, the occurrence and distribution mechanisms, the human health effects and the in-situ and ex-situ treatment techniques (Jean et al., 2010). In many of these locations, arsenic is naturally found in the subsurface strata within volcanic and sedimentary formations as well as in areas of geothermal systems related to tectonic activity. Western Anatolia in Turkey is one such area of complex geology with active tectonics and high geothermal potential. This natural setting serves as a suitable environment for the presence of high levels of arsenic in subsurface waters. Based on these fundamentals, this study presents a general overview of arsenic presence in western Anatolia.Conference Object Sustainability of Groundwater and Its Effects on Ecosystems(National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic (NAS KR), 2011) Baba, Alper; Gündüz, OrhanGroundwater’s global role as a vital source of fresh drinking water is well documented, and efforts are underway in many parts of the world to manage groundwater reserves responsibly and sustainably. A large percentage of the world’s population lives in cities and either depends on or is affected in some way by groundwater. This ever increasing demand on groundwater has led to overexploitation of the aquifers and degradation of groundwater quality particularly in the last 50 years. Available evidences indicate that regional changes in climate (i.e., increases in temperature and reduction in precipitation totals and patterns) have already affected groundwater resources and ecosystem in many parts of the world. In future, climate change is expected to intensify groundwater related problems due to reduced recharge rates and increased demand for domestic, agricultural and industrial water supply. Thus, the basic concern is the sustainable management of groundwater resources such that it is not depleted while the increasing demand is effectively satisfied. Based on these fundamentals, the purpose of this study is to present an overview of groundwater problem in different parts of the world and to present an overview of the current knowledge in the area of climate change impacts on water resources. Case studies from the Mediterranean Region, the Caspian Sea Region and the Aral Sea where safe water resources are typically scarce and became steadily scarcer are presented. In particular, access to high quality drinking water will become more of a problem than it currently is in these and in many other parts of the world. Decreasing precipitation and reduced recharge of groundwater resources are now considered to be one of the reasons for declining groundwater quality. Finally, these drastic changes in the hydrology of the groundwater system are also responsible for many changes in ecosystems where some are irreversible.Conference Object Groundwater Pollution by Nitrate From Agricultural Fertilizers: the Case of Menemen Basin (aegean Region, Turkey)(İZSU, 2017) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Genişoğlu, Mesut; Balcı, Esin; Ökten, Hatice Eser; Baba, AlperGroundwater is an essential drinking water source in Menemen subbasin of İzmir city, Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the groundwater contamination by nitrates of agricultural lands. For this purpose, we evaluated variations of groundwater pH, redox potential, electrical conductivity (EC), major anions (NO3, Cl, SO4, HCO3 and CO3) and cations (Na, K, Ca and Mg). A statistical correlation procedure and piper diagram for hydrogeochemistry of groundwater were also applied. Nitrate levels were found to be higher around agricultural areas. Also EC values and Cl were measured to be higher as proximity to coastal areas increased, indicating seawater intrusion. Agricultural activities and excessive freshwater withdrawal were shown to impair groundwater quality and quantity at Menemen subbasin.Conference Object Tracing the Relative Distribution of Arsenic Species in Groundwater and Its Association With Soil Arsenic Levels in the Simav Graben Area, Turkey(2016) Gündüz, Orhan; Şimşek, Celalettin; Elçi, Alper; Baba, Alper; Gürleyük, HakanA comprehensive hydrogeochemical assessment was conducted in the Simav Plain, Turkey where major health concerns were reported and elevated arsenic (As) levels were previously found. Boreholes drilled in the plain were used to take core samples from the alluvial aquifer from which most groundwater was extracted. The results of core analyses revealed several orders of magnitude higher values than global average. Groundwater samples were later collected from these boreholes and analyzed for arsenic and its species as well as other related hydrochemical parameters. The results of groundwater quality assessment revealed that the groundwater in the plain was enriched with arsenic that exceed 1 mg/L level and was mostly under reducing conditions. The dominant arsenic specie in groundwater was arsenite in more than 70% of all samples.Article Effect of Irrigation System on Groundwater Resources in Harran Plain (southeastern Turkey)(David Publishing Company, 2019) Özel, Nedret; Bozdağ, Şaziye; Baba, AlperIrrigated agriculture is the largest consumer of groundwater resources. The interaction between agricultural irrigation and groundwater resources, both in quantity and quality, is often understood later than when the adverse effects starts. For more efficient and sustainable utilization of the limited water resources, improved understanding of how respond to irrigation is essential. The Southeastern Anatolia Project (Turkish: GAP) is a major and comprehensive initiative in Turkey. The GAP was a programme to develop water and land resources in the region and planned as a package that comprised 13 individual projects on irrigation and energy production on the Euphrates-Tigris basins. This project includes irrigation networks for an area of approximately 1.8 million hectares. One of the important project sites is Harran Plain having the biggest groundwater resources and the largest irrigation field in the GAP region. Harran Plain has 3,700 km2 drainage area, 1,500 km2 plain area and 476,000 hectares of irrigation area. Before this project, the irrigations could potentially lead to about 2 m/year decline in groundwater table. After this project application, hydrodynamic system of groundwater has changed. The groundwater level has risen since 1995 in plain. In addition hydrodynamic system has been effected groundwater quality. Results show that a proper irrigation rotation system can implement an efficient water management over the irrigated areas and lead smaller groundwater change and its quality.