Civil Engineering / İnşaat Mühendisliği

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Author: search.filters.author.Ayzit, TolgaPublication Index: search.filters.publicationIndex.Scopus

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  • Book Part
    Citation - Scopus: 3
    High Radiogenic Granites of Western Anatolia for Egs: a Review
    (CRC Press, 2023) Chandrasekharam, Dornadula; Baba, Alper; Ayzit, Tolga
    Turkey has made remarkable progress in the hydrothermal sector by promoting both electricity generation and direct application. In terms of power generation, this country is the fourth top country in the world. Nearly 1 billion kWh of energy is being utilized to keep 150,000 homes warm in the winter. In addition, Turkey has huge amounts of uptapped energy in its high radiogenic granites in western Anatolia, spread over a cumulative area of 6,910 km2. The radioactive heat generated by these granites varies from 5 to 13 µW/m3. These granite plutons are located over a region with high heat flow values (120 mW/m2) and the Curie temperature isotherm in this region is located at a depth varying from 6 to 12 km. The heat flow values here are 50% higher than the world average. This thermal regime concurs well with the wet granite melting curve at a heat flow of 85 mW/m2. The entire thermal regime indicates a visco-elastic lower crustal layer in this region. Thus, these granites provide excellent sites for initiating Enhanced Geothermal Systems projects in Turkey. Earlier EGS projects in France and Australia gave power estimates of 79×106 kWh of electricity from 1km3 of such granite. With ongoing development in drilling technology, the classical concept of creating a fracture network is being replaced with loop technology that reduces minor seismic risks and also the cost of power. The most important additional advantage Turkey has is the high-temperature regime at shallow depth, unlike other countries where the granites are located at depths >5km. These factors cause the cost of power to fall below 6 euro cents per kWh. Besides the power and heat, the greatest advantage is the reduction in emissions and achieving UN sustainable development goals. A conservative estimate shows that these radiogenic granites of western Anatolia are capable of generating a minimum of 546×109 kWh of power. Energy from these granites can be utilized to generate freshwater using the desalination method. Earlier studies indicate that to produce 1 m3 of desalinated water, ~16 kWh of electrical energy are needed. The cost of fresh water generated using geothermal energy sources will be <1.5 euros per 1m3. Turkey can utilize the energy from granite for water and food security in the future. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Dornadula Chandrasekharam and Alper Baba.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 8
    Citation - Scopus: 11
    Geothermal Potential of Granites: Case Study- Kaymaz and Sivrihisar (eskisehir Region) Western Anatolia
    (Elsevier, 2022) Chandrasekharam, Dornadula; Baba, Alper; Ayzit, Tolga; Singh, Hemant K.
    Radiogenic granites are gaining importance due to their ability to generate a substantial amount of electricity and support the advancement of agricultural and water sectors. In the western Anatolian region, such granites occupy a cumulative area of 6910 km2 varying from 7 to 20 μW/m3, far above the heat generated by the average continental crust of 5 μW/ m3. One cubic. The granite plutons of the Eskisehir region are amongst such granites with radioactive heat generation kilometer of such granite can generate 79 × 106 kWh of electricity. In the present case, the Eskisehir granites are capable of generating 616 million kWh of carbon-free electricity. Besides electricity, the heat from the granites can be utilized for space heating and greenhouse cultivation. This energy can also be utilized for the generation of fresh water from the sea through the desalination process. Hydrofracturing of the granites to create a fracture network connecting injection and production well is being replaced with closed-loop system that do not require knowledge about the stress pattern of the region and reduce the risk of induced micro-seismicity that was a bottleneck for developing EGS projects. Although the currently estimated cost of electricity generated from EGS projects is 9 euro cents/kWh, this cost will get reduced due to technological development in drilling technology. The Western Anatolian region has an additional advantage over the cost, since the drilling depth to capture the heat from the granites is shallow (∼3 km) which gives further benefit to the cost due to the reduction in drilling depth cost. In addition to high radiogenic granites, the presence of curie point temperature at shallow depth, high heat flow, and high geothermal gradient makes this region a warehouse of energy making Turkey energy-food and water independent in the future.