Civil Engineering / İnşaat Mühendisliği
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Article Citation - WoS: 27Citation - Scopus: 34Use of Abandoned Oil Wells in Geothermal Systems in Turkey(Springer, 2020) Kaplanoğlu, Murat A.; Baba, Alper; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenHuman beings have been benefiting from geothermal energy for different uses since the dawn of civilization in many parts of the world. One of the earliest uses of geothermal energy was for heating and it was used extensively by Romans in Turkey. The Aegean region is favored with a large number of thermal springs known since ancient times. However, it was in the twentieth century that geothermal energy was first used on a large scale for direct use applications and electricity generation. The country's installed heat capacity is 3322.3 MWt for direct use and 1347 MWe for power production. Also, many drilled wells to extract oil or natural gas were abandoned for various reasons in the southeast of Turkey. Some of the oil fields have heat content that can be used for geothermal energy. Some even have hot fluid in the reservoir. This paper presents an investigation into how to use geothermal energy in abandoned oil and natural gas wells. Methods used to generate geothermal energy from abandoned oil fields other than conventional geothermal energy production are examined. Downhole heat exchangers can be used to extract heat without producing geothermal fluid which decrease gas emissions to the atmosphere and energy need for reinjection, from the abandoned oil wells to generate electricity or direct use applications. Using this method, it is possible to use abandoned wells in southeastern Turkey where this energy improves the economy of the region.Article Citation - WoS: 1Hydrogeochemical and Hydrogeological Investigation of the Can Geothermal Field(TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, 2010) Deniz, Ozan; Baba, Alper; Tarcan, GultekinThe Can Geothermal Field is located on a central part of the Biga Peninsula in northwest Turkey. Volcanics are the dominant rock type in this region. Alteration zones and clay minerals are very common in these rocks. Sedimentary rocks, low-grade metamorphics and alluvium are other geological units observed around Can. These units include common fracture zones because of the tectonic activity in the region. Thermal waters have reached the surface via these fracture zones. Alluvium is the most productive aquifer in all geological units. Wells drilled in this unit yield between 5-30 L/s. The transmissibility and permeability coefficients of this unit are of 50-421 m(2)/day and of 1.01-16.8 m/day, respectively. In this aquifer, groundwater depth changes between 0.1 and 8.3m. According to the IAH (1979) water classification, these thermal waters are of the Na-Ca-SO4 type, the cold waters are of the Ca-Mg-HCO3 type and the snow samples are of a mixed water type. Geothermal waters have a meteoric origin. The mean temperature, electrical conductivity and pH of the thermal waters have values of 44.4 degrees C, 2941 mu S/cm and 6.9, respectively. Geothermometer equations were used for prediction of reservoir fluid temperatures of the geothermal system and temperature values were obtained between 46 and 203 degrees C. delta D, delta T and delta O-18 isotope analysis showes that thermal waters in the Can region have a meteoric origin and are a minimum of 45-50 years old.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 27Increasing Solubility of Metal Silicates by Mixed Polymeric Antiscalants(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Topçu, Gökhan; Çelik, Aslı; Kandemir, Ali; Baba, Alper; Şahin, Hasan; Demir, Mustafa MuammerThe increase of silicate solubility is a big challenge for both hot and cold water because it reduces the deposition of metal silicates frequently observed in such systems and causes operational obstacles. The deposition of silicate coats the inner surface of the pipelines in an uncontrolled manner and reduces the harvesting of energy from brines. In this work, the solubility performance of two commercial water-soluble polymeric agents (poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)) of various molecular weights employing dosage from 25 to 100 mg/L was examined. Along with dispersant-type antiscalant, poly(acrylamide) (PAM), poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt) (PVSA), and poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) having chelating acidic groups were employed. Metal silicate deposits were obtained artificially in the lab-scale pressurized reactor. The experimental conditions employed were quite similar to a model power plant located in Çanakkale, Turkey. The concentration of dissolved silica was increased from 130 to 420 mg/L when 100 mg/L PEG 1500 and 25 mg/L PVSA were employed as a mixture. For the atomic-level understanding of the interaction of chelating groups with metal cations, DFT calculations were performed too.Article Citation - WoS: 28Citation - Scopus: 30Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Composition of a Low-Temperature Geothermal Source in Northwest Turkey: Case Study of Kırkgeçit Geothermal Area(Springer Verlag, 2011) Şanlıyüksel, Deniz; Baba, AlperChemical and isotopic compositions of three hot springs and one cold spring in the Kirkgecit geothermal field, located 15 km southwest of Canakkale-Biga in the northwest of Turkey, were monitored five times during 2005 and 2007. The physico-chemical characteristics of the hot springs are average discharge 3–3.5 L/s, surface temperature 45–52 C, pH 8.9–9.3, and electrical conductivity (EC) 620–698 lS/cm. The cold spring has a temperature of 12–13 C, pH 7.5–8.3, and EC 653–675 lS/cm. The hot waters are Na-SO4 type, whereas the cold water is Ca-HCO3 type. Chemical geothermometers suggest that the reservoir temperature is around 80–100 C. The isotopic data (oxygen-18, deuterium and tritium) indicate that the thermal waters are formed by local recharge and deep circulation of meteoric waters.