WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7150
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Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 11Utilization of Membrane Separation Processes for Reclamation and Reuse of Geothermal Water in Agricultural Irrigation of Tomato Plants-Pilot Membrane Tests and Economic Analysis(Elsevier, 2022) Jarma, Yakubu A.; Karaoğlu, Aslı; Senan, Islam Rashad Ahmed; Meriç, Mehmet Kamil; Kukul, Yasemin Senem; Özçakal, Emrah; Barlas, Neriman Tuba; Çakıcı, Hakan; Baba, Alper; Kabay, NalanThe quality of irrigation water is critical for enhancing agricultural productivity. As a result, this research was carried out with the aim of treating spent geothermal water before it is used for agricultural irrigation. While doing that, cost analysis of the system was taken into consideration as well. The product water was targeted to suit irrigation water standards for tomato plants. Two commercially available pressure driven membranes (NF8040-70 as NF membrane and TM720D-400 as RO membrane) were employed for this task. A constant applied pressure of 15 bar and 60% of water recovery were kept constant during the product water production while mode of operation for the membrane system was continuous. According to Turkish Ministry of Environment and Urbanization irrigation water standards and the results obtained from this study, it was clearly seen that both NF and RO product waters meet the quality I class irrigation water standards with respect total dissolved substances (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), concentrations of Na+ and Cl− ions. Quality 1 means that the produced water will not cause any environmental effect when employed for irrigation purpose. Nevertheless, the produced water was found not to obey the irrigation standards with respect to sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and boron concentration (quality III class). Quality III explains that the water will cause soil infiltration problems when employed for irrigation purpose. Since most of the minerals needed for plant growth were rejected by NF and RO membranes, an appropriate mixing ratio of the product water with well water for remineralization was determined. Mixing 50 and 60% of well water with the product waters of NF (50%) and RO (40%) membranes, respectively was found to be the optimum mixing ratios to produce the requested water quality for tomato irrigation. Quality II class irrigation water which can be applied with caution was targeted in terms of SAR as well as boron concentration (2–4 and 4–6 mg/L) while determining the mixing ratios. The cost of the product water was found as 0.76 and 1.56$/m3 for NF and RO processes, respectively.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 11Brine Minimization in Desalination of the Geothermal Reinjection Fluid by Pressure-Driven Membrane Separation Processes(Elsevier, 2022) Jarma, Yakubu A.; Karaoğlu, Aslı; Senan, Islam Rashad Ahmed; Baba, Alper; Kabay, NalanBrine obtained during water treatment by pressure driven membrane processes remains the major drawback. Therefore, it is of paramount important to find a lasting solution in order to minimize its production by both nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. In this study, an experimental study with the aim of brine minimization during membrane desalination of the geothermal reinjection fluid using a mini-pilot scale membrane test system having spiral wound NF and RO membranes was conducted. The membranes employed for this task were TR-NF and BW30-RO membranes. First, studies with different brine to feed ratios of 1:4, 1:3, 1:2 and 2:3 represented as NF-F2, NF-F3, NF-F4 and NF-F5, respectively were investigated using TR-NF membrane. A control study with no brine recirculation was conducted as well in order to check the effect of brine recirculation on the membrane performance. Secondly, studies with BW30-RO membrane using same brine to feed ratios as in the case of NF membrane studies were carried out. An applied pressure of 15 bar, initial water recovery of 60% and 4 h of experimental time were employed as operational conditions for both NF and RO membrane studies. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the brine recirculation (with a brine to fresh feed ratio of 2:3) has a significant impact on the permeate flux. The product water can be utilized for the agricultural irrigation purposes. Nevertheless, the boron concentration in the product water was still high for the sensitive crops.Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 18Integrated Pressure-Driven Membrane Separation Processes for the Production of Agricultural Irrigation Water From Spent Geothermal Water(Elsevier, 2022) Jarma, Yakubu Abdullahi; Karaoğlu, Aslı; Tekin, Özge; Senan, Islam Rashad Ahmed; Baba, AlperThe application of different pressure-driven membranes to treat the spent geothermal water to be used for agricultural irrigation was explored in this study. Firstly, individual performances of different commercially available nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes attached to a mini-pilot membrane test system were studied. For the single membrane test TR-NF and NF90 as NF membranes and TR-BWRO, Vontrone, TR-SWRO and BW30 as RO membranes were employed while combination of TR-NF with TR-BWRO, Vontrone, TR-SWRO and BW30 was employed in the integrated study (with and without pH adjustment).When performances of individual membranes were investigated, the permeate fluxes obtained it was found that there was no significant flux drop with the experimental time (4 h) in all the studies. In terms of boron removals, boron was partially removed in single membrane study as 22.7–23.6% and 30.6–56.8% by NF and RO membranes, respectively. For the integrated NF + RO membrane configuration (without pH adjustment), boron removals were in the range of 42.1–59.4% while 91.3–95.4% of boron removal was obtained in the integrated NF + RO (at elevated pH). It was found that the produced water complied with class I quality with respect to irrigation water parameters with the exception of boron and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), while the pH of the product water in the integrated NF + RO study at elevated pH was found to be in class III. Hence, produced water will be suitable (class II) for irrigation if 30% of well water should be blended with the product water in the integrated NF + RO studies (with and without pH adjustment) as well as pH adjustment when necessary.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 18Simultaneous Energy Production, Boron and Cod Removal Using a Novel Microbial Desalination Cell(Elsevier, 2021) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Ökten, Hatice EserThis paper investigates simultaneous boron removal from aqueous solutions, organic matter removal from industrial wastewater and energy production using a Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC). Anode chamber of the conventional MDC cell was modified to include 3D cubic electrodes as a novel design. Effects of operating parameters, including electrode type (3D-electrode and 2D-electrode), anolyte solution temperature (20 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C), and activated sludge:wastewater volumetric ratio (S:WW = 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5), on MDC performance were studied. Furthermore, real geothermal water treatment was investigated under optimum operating conditions. Boron and organic matter removal efficiencies and the produced power density results were promising for 3D-electrodes under optimum operating conditions. The maximum boron removal efficiency, COD removal efficiency, and power density were 55.5%, 91.5%, and 9.04 mW/m3 treating real geothermal water at optimum operating conditions. The analyses of Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) demonstrated biofilm formation and salt deposition on membrane surfaces, which most probably reduced the performance of MDC. Consequently, our results showed that use of 3D-electrodes was a promising improvement to the conventional configurations with 2-D electrodes since removal efficiencies and energy production were comparable for a more compact electrode structure.