WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7150
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Article Fluid-CO2 Injection in a Hypersaline Volcanic Systems: A Reactive Transport and Experimental Evaluation with Application to the Tuzla Geothermal Field, Turkiye(Springer, 2026) Tonkul, Serhat; Erol, Selcuk; Baba, Alper; Regenspurg, SimonaThis study evaluates the CO2 sequestration capability of the Tuzla Geothermal Field (TGF) in northwest T & uuml;rkiye under reservoir conditions (200 degrees C and 4.4 MPa). While ongoing studies at TGF have investigated CO2 co-injection primarily for geothermal heat extraction, the present study focuses on the associated potential for long-term CO2 storage. To this end, CO2-brine-rock interactions were examined through batch reactor experiments and reaction path modeling using the PhreeqC geochemical tool. The experiments revealed complex dissolution/precipitation reactions that altered reservoir properties, with mineralogical analyses (XRD, XRF, SEM, and EDS) showing the formation of secondary phases such as calcite, kaolinite, and Ca-rich aluminosilicates. These results indicate that the Tuzla reservoir rocks provide sufficient divalent cations to support mineral trapping under reservoir conditions. Overall, our findings highlight that, in addition to its promise for heat extraction, CO2 co-injection at TGF offers an opportunity for permanent geological storage, thereby strengthening the dual benefits of this approach.Article Hydrogeochemical Assessment and Health Risks of Groundwater in Sahand Volcanic Foreland (NW Iran): Arsenic Speciation and Heavy Metal Risk Indicators(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2026) Ghayurdoost, Farhad; Zarghami, Mahdi; Sadeghfam, Sina; Jabraili-Andaryan, Nasser; Nikmaram, Sara; Baba, Alper; Mosaferi, MohammadDue to the toxic nature of arsenic (As) and its elevated concentrations in many water resources, numerous studies have focused on understanding its origin, distribution, and impacts. This study aimed to identify the dominant As species in groundwater of the Sahand Volcanic Foothills, assess water quality indices, and examine heavy metal (HM) concentrations to address rising concerns about groundwater contamination. A total of 21 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed in accordance with world health organization (WHO) guidelines. Although most samples fell within acceptable ranges, several (notably S10, S20, and S21) exhibited elevated levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and HMs, particularly iron (Fe) and As. Hydrochemical assessments using Piper, Gibbs, Stiff, and Schoeller diagrams indicated that geochemical processes resulting from rock dissolution were the main factors controlling groundwater chemistry, with limited influence from anthropogenic pollution. According to the groundwater quality index (GWQI), most samples were categorized as "good" to "excellent," though some areas ranged from "moderate" to "very poor." HM pollution indices revealed that As concentrations exceeded permissible limits. Health risk assessments further showed that both oral and dermal exposure posed significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, especially for children. Speciation analysis indicated that arsenate (As V) was the dominant form of As, consistent with oxidizing aquifer conditions, and is less biologically hazardous than arsenite (As III). The study highlights the necessity of continuous groundwater monitoring, effective pollution source management, and implementation of protective regulations to mitigate environmental and health risks in the region.Article Assessment of the Repeatability of Column Experiments Results on the Example of a Conservative Tracer(Sciendo, 2025) Pietrzak, Damian; Kania, Jaroslaw; Kmiecik, Ewa; Baba, AlperMost studies on the behavior of pollutants in the groundwater environment are carried out in laboratories, and the results are then implemented at local and regional levels using model simulations or analytical solutions. Column experiments are used to determine the transport characteristics of inorganic and organic chemicals in the soil and water environment. Although column experiments have been conducted regularly for many years, there is currently no established standard protocol for setting up and conducting them to ensure consistent results. The repeatability of column experiments was evaluated for soils, which differ primarily in the silt and clay content, using a conservative tracer susceptible only to advection and dispersion processes to reduce the number of variables affecting the results of the study which arise in a case of using reactive contaminants. The column experiments performed according to the adopted methodology are characterized by high repeatability of the obtained test results for the transport parameters, regardless of the type of injection or the chosen column length (only a small-scale effect is visible). Based on the results, it can be noticed that for the same soil the values of the pore-water velocity for different types of injections and column lengths are very similar. The percentage difference between the values of pore-water velocity obtained for both tested soils does not exceed 5% and for individual pairs of parallel column experiments it does not exceed 3%.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Traditional Water Harvesting Systems in Climate Change Adaptation: Insights From a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Village(Middle East Technical Univ, 2025) Gercek, Deniz; Yuceer, Hulya; Gonulal, Yasemin Ozcan; Ustuk, Ozan; Uzelli, Taygun; Guler, Selen; Baba, AlperTraditional water harvesting systems (WHS), developed over centuries by past civilizations, have long played a crucial role in addressing water scarcity in semi-arid regions. Although these systems have been largely neglected with the expansion of modern water infrastructure, they remain a valuable heritage containing significant knowledge and practices that are still relevant today, particularly in overcoming water management challenges in the face of climate change. Although traditional WHSs have been studied across various regions, their forms and functions vary significantly due to unique climatic, geological, and cultural conditions. In the Mediterranean context, small-scale WHSs have received comparatively limited attention-particularly studies that integrate both their revitalization for contemporary use and their historical and cultural significance. This study aims to help bridge that gap and contribute the existing literature by focusing on the WHSs in Barbaros, a semi-arid village on the Aegean coast of Turkey. Barbaros is particularly unique due to its special geological conditions, as the porous soil makes water retention difficult, which adds to the importance of traditional WHSs. In this context, the main objective of this research is to comprehensively assess these systems, by considering the area's topography, geological features, WHS construction techniques, and local knowledge transmitted across generations. This multidisciplinary approach, combining a literature review, field observations, expert surveys and interviews with long-time residents, enables a comprehensive analysis of the typologies, current state and socio-cultural evolution of these systems. A thorough understanding of these systems is essential to assess their resilience and relevance for climate change adaptation, especially with regard to drought management. The study concludes that, despite their partial abandonment, the traditional WHSs in Barbaros offer valuable insights into sustainable water management and demonstrate their potential as practical models for addressing today's water challenges.Article Decision-Support Approaches for Sustainable Water Resource Management in Northwest Algeria(Polish Society of Ecological Engineering – PTIE, 2025) Meskine, Ahmed; Cherif, El Amine; Zerouali, Bilel; Ouadja, Abid; Santos, Celso Augusto Guimaraes; Bailek, Nadjem; Baba, AlperThis study investigates water resource management in the Wilaya of Mostaganem, northwest Algeria, using the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) decision support tool in combination with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). As water scarcity becomes increasingly critical due to population growth, agricultural demands, and climate variability, effective management strategies are essential. This research employs WEAP to simulate various water demand and supply scenarios, assessing the impacts of irrigation efficiency, industrial development, and climate conditions on water availability. Under the ASI scenario, unsatisfied water demand may reach 4.3 hm3 per year by 2027. However, improving irrigation efficiency could reduce this by up to 50% compared to the reference scenario. Seasonal variations reveal deficits reaching 3.2 hm3 per month during the summer months of July through October. Additionally, the study highlights that a significant increase in water demand, exceeding 80 hm3 by 2060, can be mitigated through improved water supply initiatives, such as constructing new dams. The integration of AHP enables the prioritization of management strategies based on stakeholder preferences, demonstrating that adapting to climate change can stabilize demand below 50 million cubic meters. This integrated approach provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in developing sustainable water resource strategies that address the challenges faced by the Mostaganem region.Article Water Supply Systems: Past, Present Challenges, and Future Sustainability Prospects(Mdpi, 2025) Angelakis, Andreas N.; Capodaglio, Andrea G.; Kumar, Rohitashw; Valipour, Mohammad; Ahmed, Abdelkader T.; Baba, Alper; Dercas, NicholasAt the beginning of human history, surface water, especially from rivers and springs, was the most frequent water supply source. Groundwater was used in arid and semi-arid regions, e.g., eastern Crete (Greece). As the population increased, periodic water shortages occurred, which led to the development of sophisticated hydraulic structures for water transfer and for the collection and storage of rainwater, as seen, for example, in Early Minoan times (ca 3200-2100 BC). Water supply and urban planning had always been essentially related: the urban water supply systems that existed in Greece since the Bronze Age (ca 3200-1100 BC) were notably advanced, well organized, and operable. Water supply systems evolved considerably during the Classical and Hellenistic periods (ca 480-31 BC) and during the Roman period (ca 31 BC-480 AD). Also, early Indian society was an amazing vanguard of technology, planning, and vision, which significantly impacted India's architectural and cultural heritage, thus laying the foundation for sustainable urban living and water resource management. In ancient Egypt, the main source of freshwater was the Nile River; Nile water was conveyed by open and closed canals to supply water to cities, temples, and fields. Underground stone-built aqueducts supplied Nile water to so-called Nile chambers in temples. The evolution of water supply and urban planning approaches from ancient simple systems to complex modern networks demonstrates the ingenuity and resilience of human communities. Many lessons can be learned from studying traditional water supply systems, which could be re-considered for today's urban sustainable development. By digging into history, measures for overcoming modern problems can be found. Rainwater harvesting, establishing settlements in proximity of water sources to facilitate access to water, planning, and adequate drainage facilities were the characteristics of ancient civilizations since the ancient Egyptian, Minoan, Mohenjo-Daro, Mesopotamian, and Roman eras, which can still be adopted for sustainability. This paper presents significant lessons on water supply around the world from ancient times to the present. This diachronic survey attempts to provide hydro-technology governance for the present and future.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Evaluating the Impact of Nature-Based Solutions on the Provision of Water-Related and Water-Dependant Ecosystem Services(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Marijuan, Raquel; Diez, Barbara; Pelaez-Sanchez, Sara; Iglesias, Jesus; Sirin, Basar; Baba, Alper; Sanchez, RaulWater scarcity is a pressing issue in the Mediterranean region, exacerbated by overuse of resources for agriculture and the impacts of climate change. Addressing this challenge requires improved water cycle management and the adoption of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to enhance infrastructure efficiency and sustainability. With the aim of promoting the implementation and assessment of NbS, we have developed a monitoring framework that integrates the assessment of ecological, socio-economic and cultural aspects under the umbrella of the IUCN Global Standard for NbS. A list of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was selected following standard methodologies. We have applied the framework to five case studies in the Mediterranean region to evaluate its efficiency to assess NbS tailored to local challenges and contexts. As part of the monitoring framework, we used the IUCN self-assessment tool for the Global Standard for NbS, demonstrating adherence of 50-75 % across all case studies. Common KPIs were identified, streamlining monitoring efforts and providing guidance from the design phase onwards. Our monitoring framework offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating NbS interventions, ensuring alignment with global standards and enhancing resilience in water management. By integrating the IUCN Global Standard, it provides robust guidance for future execution, contributing to sustainable water resource management in the Mediterranean and beyond.Article Citation - WoS: 10Effects of Seismic Activity on Groundwater Level and Geothermal Systems in İzmir, Western Anatolia, Turkey: the Case Study From October 30, 2020 Samos Earthquake(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Uzelli, Taygun; Bilgic, Esra; Ozturk, Bahadir; Baba, Alper; Sozbilir, Hasan; Tatar, OrhanThe October 30, 2020 Samos earthquake (Mw 6.6) affected the Aegean Sea and environs, caused destruction and loss of life in the city of & Idot;zmir located 70 km away from the earthquake epicenter. Before this earthquake, water resources were monitored in the areas of Bayrakl & imath;, G & uuml;lbah sigma e, and Seferihisar. For this purpose, 10 groundwater monitoring wells were drilled in the Bayrakl & imath; area, where groundwater level, temperature, and electrical conductivity changes were monitored at 1-h intervals in 5 wells. Besides physical parameters such as groundwater levels, temperatures and electrical conductivities, hydrogeochemical cations, and anions measured in the study area. Change in the groundwater levels was observed before, during, and after the Samos earthquake. A trend of rising groundwater level was observed two days before the mainshock, to a height of 10 cm, and the level was maintained till the end of the earthquake. The water levels returned to its original height after about 7 to 10 days of the earthquake. Moreover, electrical conductivity (EC) values were changed because of the interaction with the surrounding rocks and well walls, mixing with different waters during the earthquake shaking. The essential anomalies were observed in the geothermal fields of G & uuml;lbah sigma e and Seferihisar. Due to this earthquake, new geothermal springs emerged along the NE-SW trending G & uuml;lbah sigma e and Tuzla faults, located about 50 to 20 km from the Samos earthquake epicenter, respectively. The new geothermal waters are in Na-Cl composition and similar to other geothermal springs in the region. While the recorded water temperatures in the new geothermal springs vary from 40 to 45 degrees C in Seferihisar, it was measured between 35 and 40 degrees C in G & uuml;lbah sigma e. Due to these anomalies, it is found essential to monitor the effect of the earthquake on the physical and chemical characteristics of the groundwater and its usefulness in earthquake predictions.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Comparison of Conventional and Machine Learning Models for Kinetic Modelling of Biomethane Production From Pretreated Tomato Plant Residues(Elsevier, 2025) Fidan, Berrak; Bodur, Fatma-Gamze; Oztep, Gulsh; Gungoren-Madenoglu, Tuelay; Baba, Alper; Kabay, NalanTomato plant residues (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lack sustainable applications as abundant lignocellulosic biomass after harvest. These residues can be utilized as substrates in anaerobic digestion for biomethane production, generating energy and reducing waste. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sustainable utilization of tomato plant residues for biomethane production at varying conditions and to model biological kinetics. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying substrate/inoculum ratios, sulfuric acid pretreatment concentrations, and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) addition on biogas and biomethane yields under mesophilic conditions (37 degrees C). Maximum biogas and biomethane yields in the studied range were obtained when the substrate/inoculum ratio was 3 (g substrate/g inoculum), the sulfuric acid concentration used for residue pretreatment was 2 %v/v, and the substrate/yeast ratio was 10 (g substrate/g yeast). The yeast ratio of 10 increased the cumulative biogas and biomethane production by 96.5 and 128.9%, respectively. Conventional models (Modified Gompertz, Cone, First-order, Logistic) and Machine Learning models (Support Vector Machine and Neural Network) were compared for biological kinetics. Machine Learning models were also observed to give good fitting results similar to conventional models. Results suggest that Machine Learning models (RMSE: 2.5833-12.0500) are reliable methods like conventional kinetic models (RMSE: 2.1796-13.4880) for forecasting biomethane production in anaerobic digestion processes and Machine Learning models can be applied without needing prior understanding of biomethane production kinetics.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Anomalous Crustal Structure Beneath the Örenli-Eğiller Depression Zone, Inferred From Magnetotelluric Studies, Western Anatolia, Türkiye(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2024) Chandrasekharam, Dornadula; Raju, K.; Subba Rao, P.B.V.; Baba, AlperIn Türkiye, the prevalence of high radiogenic granites makes them ideal locations for initiating enhanced geothermal system (EGS) projects. One such occurrence of these granites is observed in the Kozak area of the Bergama region. To assess the energy potential of this site, a magnetotelluric (MT) survey was conducted, focusing on determining the depth distribution of the intrusive granite. The survey employed dimensionality analysis, utilizing Bahr skew and phase tensor analyses that denote a 2D subsurface nature up to 100 s and beyond that a 3D nature. In the present study, we interpreted MT data up to 100 s. The data collected, including rotated impedance tensors and tippers, were inverted using a nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm integrated into the MT interpretation software of the WinG Link 2D inversion data modeling package. Multiple homogeneous half-space initial models were tested during the 2D inversion process. The findings indicate the existence of a midcrustal conductor associated with graphites and iron sulfides in the source region. This conductivity may be attributed to processes such as exsolution of metamorphic fluids, influx of mantle sources, or the entry of magmatic fluids through transcrustal fault zones. The findings indicate that the intrusive granite was emplaced along a NE–SW major fault, penetrating shallow crustal levels. The depth of this granite intrusion is determined to be 15 km, covering an outcrop area of 60 km². This detailed geological information allows a comprehensive assessment of the power-generating capacity of the intrusive granite. The results of this investigation contribute valuable insights for the development and optimization of Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) projects in the region. © 2024, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.