WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7150
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 10Water and Water Vapor Sorption Studies in Poly(propylene)-Zeolite Composites(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2003) Pehlivan, Hilal; Özmıhçı, Filiz; Tıhmınlıoğlu, Funda; Balköse, Devrim; Ülkü, SemraWater and water vapor sorption to porous poly(propylene)zeolite composites prepared by hot pressing have been studied as a function of zeolite loading. This work presents the first report on the effect of the zeolite as a filler on the water sorption properties of PP composites. Water swelling experiments were conducted at 25°C using pure PP and PP-zeolite film samples having different zeolite loadings (6-40 wt%). Since PP is a hydrophobic polymer, it does not sorp any water, but the composites having 10, 20, 30, and 40% zeolite sorbed 0.63, 1.00, 1.72 and 3.74 wt% water, respectively. The zeolite itself at the same conditions sorbed 24.5 wt% water. As the filler loading in the composites increased, equilibrium uptake values increased too. On the other hand, water vapor sorption and kinetics has been studied using a Cahn 2000 gravimetric sorption system. Within in the range 0.35-0.95%, water vapor was adsorbed by the composites containing 10-40 wt% zeolite. Experimental effective water vapor diffusivities of the composite films were about one order of magnitude higher than the experimental water diffusion coefficient in composites. The transport of water in composites was slower than that in the liquid water due to the longer diffusion pathway and adsorption on the surface of the composites. Although the liquid water may fill all the voids in the composite, water vapor is adsorbed on the surface of the zeolite only.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Dynamic Heat of Adsorption of Water Vapour on Zeolitic Tuff and Zeolite 4a by Flow Microcalorimetry(Scibulcom Ltd., 2006) Ülkü, Semra; Balköse, Devrim; Alp, BurcuIn this study a practical method for measurement of heat of adsorption of water vapour on adsorbents was developed to evaluate the feasibility of substitution of a zeolitic tuff with zeolite 4A in air drying and heat pumps. The change of heat of adsorption with inlet humidity of the air passing through the calorimeter was investigated. Samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis techniques. Specific heats of the zeolitic tuff and zeolite 4A were measured as 1.01 and 1.42 J/g K, respectively. Adsorption isotherms fitted to the Langmuir model with regression coefficient 0.93 and 0.94 with monolayer capacities, Xm 9.68% and 26.35% H 2O for the zeolitic tuff and zeolite 4A, respectively. The energy storage intensity was measured in the range 48-97 J/g and 464-201 J/g for the tuff and zeolite 4A, respectively. Heat of adsorption of zeolite decreased with surface coverage and it was in the range 1750-2835 and 1104-2640 J/g H 2O for the zeolitic tuff and zeolite 4A, respectively.Article Citation - WoS: 81Citation - Scopus: 97Evaluation of Natural Zeolite as a Viscosity-Modifying Agent for Cement-Based Grouts(Elsevier Ltd., 2008) Şahmaran, Mustafa; Özkan, Necati; Keskin, Süleyman Bahadır; Uzal, Burak; Yaman, İsmail Özgür; Erdem, Tahir KemalThe effects of natural zeolite on the rheological and workability properties of the grout mixtures were studied. Setting times of grouts were also determined as part of the experimental study. For comparison, grout mixtures were also prepared with a commercially available viscosity modifying admixture (VMA). The experimental results show that addition of natural zeolite modifies both the rheological and workability properties of grouts. For a constant superplasticizer (SP) content, an increase in the zeolite amount significantly increases the yield stress, the apparent and plastic viscosity, and reduces the fluidity and deformability. Moreover, an increase in the amount of SP causes a significant reduction in both the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the grouts. It was also observed that, grouts prepared with natural zeolite addition have a pseudo-plastic behavior, and shear-thinning behavior increases with an increase in the zeolite amount. Therefore, it has been shown that using natural zeolite as a VMA it is possible to obtain grouts that have satisfactory rheological properties, especially if natural zeolite is used in combination with a superplasticizer.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 10Hydrogenation of Citral Over Ni and Ni-Sn Catalysts(TUBITAK, 2008) Aykaç, Hilal; Yılmaz, SelahattinLiquid phase citral hydrogenation over zeolite-supported monometallic Ni and bimetallic Ni-Sn catalysts was studied. The zeolite support materials were Na-Y, Na-mordenite, and clinoptilolite. Ni and Sn contents of the monometallic and bimetallic catalysts were 8.1-9.2 wt% and 0.46 wt%, respectively. The type of the zeolite support affected the activity and selectivity of the catalysts differently. The main product of the citral hydrogenation reaction was citronellal, for both monometallic (84.5% yield) and bimetallic (44.5% yield) catalysts. The addition of promoter increased the selectivity to unsaturated alcohols (geraniol+nerol), i.e. it changed from 0.9% to 6.3% over mordenite and from 0.9% to 2.1% over Na-Y-supported catalysts. Furthermore, activity of the Ni catalysts decreased while the quantity of acetal remained almost constant. Intimate contact between active metal, promoter, and support, and a catalyst with a high concentration of weak acid sites gave high selectivity to geraniol+nerol.Article Citation - WoS: 29Citation - Scopus: 31Cure Kinetics of Epoxy Resin-Natural Zeolite Composites(Springer Verlag, 2008) Cansever Erdoğan, Beyhan; Seyhan, Abdullah Tuğrul; Ocak, Yılmaz; Tanoğlu, Metin; Balköse, Devrim; Ülkü, SemraThe cure kinetics of epoxy resin and epoxy resin containing 10 mass% of natural zeolite were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The conformity of the cure kinetic data of epoxy and epoxy-zeolite system was checked with the auto-catalytic cure rate model. The results indicated that the hydroxyl group on the zeolite surface played a significant role in the autocatalytic reaction mechanism. This group was able to form a new transition state between anhydride hardener and epoxide group. The natural zeolite particles acted as catalyst for the epoxy system by promoting its curing rate.Article Citation - WoS: 325Citation - Scopus: 366A Review on Adsorption Heat Pump: Problems and Solutions(Elsevier, 2008) Demir, Hasan; Mobedi, Moghtada; Ülkü, SemraAdsorption heat pumps have considerably sparked attentions in recent years. The present paper covers the working principle of adsorption heat pumps, recent studies on advanced cycles, developments in adsorbent-adsorbate pairs and design of adsorbent beds. The adsorbent-adsorbate pair features for in order to be employed in the adsorption heat pumps are described. The adsorption heat pumps are compared with the vapor compression and absorption heat pumps. The problems and troubles of adsorption heat pumps are classified and researches to overcome the difficulties are discussed.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 13Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Carvacrol Using Zeolite-Encapsulated Metal Complexes(American Chemical Society, 2006) Güneş, Alev; Bayraktar, Oğuz; Yılmaz, SelahattinWe report here the use of zeolite-encapsulated metal (salpn) complexes as catalysts in the oxidation reaction of the natural compound carvacrol in acetonitrile with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. No previous studies on the oxidation of carvacrol in the presence of metal salpn complexes have been reported. By using a general flexible ligand method, Cr(III), Fe(III), Bi(III), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)propane1,3-diamine (H2salpn) encapsulated in NaY zeolite were prepared. All catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to confirm the complex encapsulation. The activities of all prepared catalysts for the oxidation of carvacrol and hydrogen peroxide were tested. The performances of all catalysts were compared on the basis of the leaching test results and carvacrol conversions. Thymohydroquinone and benzoquinones were observed as byproducts at high conversions of carvacrol. No product was formed in the absence of a catalyst. Fe(salpn)-NaY catalyst exhibited the highest carvacrol conversion of 27.6% with a yield of 22.0%, followed by Cr(salpn)-NaY catalyst with 23.5% carvacrol conversion and a yield of 17.6%. Other catalysts have shown relatively lower performances in terms of carvacrol conversion and leaching. The Cr(salpn)-NaY catalyst was found to be a more efficient catalyst than others on the basis of leaching and activity tests. With the selected catalyst Cr (salpn)-NaY, the effects of temperature and carvacrol/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio on carvacrol oxidation reactions were investigated. Increasing the temperature from 40 to 60 °C caused an increase in the thymoquinone yield from 6.2% to 16.0%. An increase in carvacrol/hydrogen peroxide molar ratio from 1 to 3 resulted in a decrease in the thymoquinone yield.Article Citation - WoS: 18Citation - Scopus: 19Effect of Zeolite Filler on the Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Polypropylene(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2006) Pehlivan, Hilal; Balköse, Devrim; Ülkü, Semra; Tıhmınlıoğlu, FundaIn this study, the thermal degradation behavior of polypropylene (PP) and PP-zeolite composites was investigated, Clinoptilolite, a natural zeolitic tuff, was used as the filler material in composites. The effects of both pure clinoptilolite and silver-ion-exchanged clinoptilolite on the thermal degradation kinetics of the PP composites was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Polymer degradation was evaluated with DSC at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20°C/ min from room temperature to 500°C. The silver concentration (4.36, 27.85, and 183.8 mg of Ag/g of zeolite) was the selected parameter under consideration. From the DSC curves, we observed that the heat of degradation values of the composites containing 2-6% silver-exchanged zeolite (321-390 kj/kg) were larger than that of the pure PP (258 kj/kg). From the DSC results, we confirmed that the PPzeolite composites can be used at higher temperatures than the pure PP polymer because of its higher thermal stability, The thermal decomposition activation energies of the composites were calculated with both the Kissinger and Ozawa models. The values predicted from these two equations were in close agreement. From the TGA curves, we found that zeolite addition into the PP matrix slowed the decomposition reaction; however, silver-exchanged zeolite addition into the matrix accelerated the reaction. The higher the silver concentration was, the lower were the thermal decomposition activation energies we obtained. As a result, PP was much more susceptible to thermal decomposition in the presence of silver-exchanged zeolite.Article Citation - WoS: 44Citation - Scopus: 50Thermal Behaviour of a Zeolitic Tuff(Elsevier Ltd., 2007) Çağlar Duvarcı, Özlem; Akdeniz, Yelda; Özmıhçı Ömürlü, Filiz; Ülkü, Semra; Balköse, Devrim; Çiftçioğlu, MuhsinNatural zeolites undergo structural changes after heating which open their possible use in different fields, related to their chemical and physical properties, such as building stone, lightweight aggregate, ceramic foam, concrete bricks, tiles, porcelain stoneware and additive in puzzolonic cements. In this study, thermal behavior of zeolitic tuff quarried from Gördes-Manisa, region of Turkey was investigated. Zeolitic rocks were first reduced to 2 μm and pellets were prepared by dry-pressing. The pellets were heated for 30 min in the temperature range of 200-1200 °C. Heating the tuff up to 600 °C did not cause any structural change detectable by X-Ray powder diffraction (X-Ray), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal characterization methods with regard to the original sample, while further increase in the temperature caused structural breakdown of zeolitic tuff. The appearance of the broad low intensity peaks in X-Ray diffraction diagrams indicated most probably a partial transformation of crystal structure into an amorphous structure. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the crystals seen in the original rock sample were broken during grinding and pressing processes. The crystal structure disappeared above 1000 °C and the spherical pores was observed at 1200 °C. Chemical composition of the zeolitic tuff did not change significantly with respect to temperature. The highest density (2.28 g/cm3) and hardness (387 Hv) were obtained by sintering the pellets at 1000 °C for 30 min.Article Citation - WoS: 45Citation - Scopus: 48Pd-Loaded Nay Zeolite as a Highly Active Catalyst for Ligandless Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions of Aryl Halides at Low Pd Loadings Under Aerobic Conditions(Elsevier Ltd., 2007) Durgun, Gülay; Aksın, Özge; Artok, LeventThe Pd(NH3)42+-loaded NaY zeolite was found to be a highly active catalyst precursor for Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) reactions of aryl bromides and aryl chlorides at low Pd concentrations in air. Aryl bromides and arylboronic acids can couple effectively both in pure water and in N,N-dimethylacetamide/water mixtures (1/1) within minutes with turnover frequencies (TOF) up to 4 × 105 h-1. The presence of a minute amount of water was crucial for the success of the reaction with chloroarenes. The excess amounts of as-received zeolite provided the necessary water for the reaction. The results suggest that the combined use of the water-zeolite system may have a synergistic effect in the reaction.