WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7150
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Article On the Strengths and Weaknesses of Virtual Reality in Distance Estimation in AEC Domain: A Meta-Analysis of Literature 2014–2024(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026) Kasalı, Altuğ; Doğan, Fehmi; Çevik, A.; Kasali, A.; 02.02. Department of Architecture; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyVirtual reality (VR) became the most used extended reality system in architecture, engineering, and construction domains. It offers advantages through its immersive and interactive interface. There is, however, a need to investigate both its strengths and weaknesses especially in relation to the claim that it is a close surrogate for real-world performances. This study reports the findings of a meta-analysis on distance estimation (DE) in VR. Distance estimation, essential for spatial perception, remains to be a problem in VR even with advanced head-mounted displays. The study questions whether VR can match the real-world performance in DE to highlight its shortcomings as well as its potentials. The meta-analysis includes 77 pieces of data from 29 studies and investigates whether DE accuracy has improved and how DE interacts with task type, task environment, and target range. The results indicate VR is still underperforming in DE, head-mounted display’s weight is the significant factor, and task type and task environment significantly interact with DE. We conclude VR needs to be specifically tailored regarding the needs of practitioners in architecture and engineering industry and that it is not yet a substitute for real-world performances. © The Author(s) 2025.Article Passive Matrix Schottky Barrier 2d Photodiode Array on Graphene/Soi Platform(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Çelebi, Cem; Ünverdi, Ö.; Çelebi, C.; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyWe fabricated 4 × 4 pixel two-dimensional (2D) photodiode array (PDA) out of monolayer graphene and n-type silicon (n-Si) electrodes on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Our device design is based on passive matrix sensor array architecture consisting of individual graphene and silicon electrodes aligned perpendicular to each other. I-V measurements conducted at room temperature to reveal the electronic characteristics of graphene and Si junction in the device structure. The spectral responsivity, respond speed and the optical crosstalk of each G/Si pixels in the array have been determined by wavelength resolved and time dependent photocurrent spectroscopy measurements. Micro-Raman mapping measurements were conducted to examine the surface coverage of graphene electrode on each pixel. The results of Micro-Raman mapping measurements were correlated with the corresponding photocurrent data acquired under light illumination. We believe that this work constitutes a significant potential in integrating variety of 2D materials and SOI technology into next generation image sensing and multiple pixel light detection applications. © The Author(s) 2025.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Effect of Soil Water Content Changes on the Behavior of Buildings Equipped With Single and Double Tuned Mass Dampers Subjected To Earthquakes(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Turan, Gürsoy; Turan, G.; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyTuned mass dampers (TMDs) are one of the structural control systems that have been frequently used in the last century. A TMD is designed according to the properties of the main system. In building applications, the substructure’s soil affects the response of buildings, especially in soft-type soils. Therefore, the soil properties should be included in the analysis and design of tuned mass dampers. However, the soil properties are not always identical and vary due to different factor changes such as soil water content changes. Unlike previous research, which typically assumes constant soil properties, this study incorporates the impact of soil water content changes, a key factor that can significantly alter soil behavior. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of optimized single and double tuned mass dampers (DTMDs) in response reduction of buildings considering the changes in the water content of soil. In this study, a metaheuristic-based optimization method is programmed to optimize TMDs and DTMDs for low-, mid-, and high-rise buildings considering soil-structure interaction (SSI). The efficiency of the optimized tuned mass dampers on the response reduction of buildings due to changes in soil water content is evaluated. According to the investigated results of 14 near-field earthquake simulations, it is concluded that the efficiency of the TMDs is significantly affected by changes in soil water content. Moreover, according to the result, the DTMD efficiency is slightly better than the TMD-controlled structure. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.Article Effect of Degassing on Scaling in Hypersaline System: Tuzla Geothermal Field, Turkey(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Tonkul, Serhat; Demir, Mustafa Muammer; Baba, Alper; Demir, M.M.; Regenspurg, S.; Kieling, K.; 03.06. Department of Energy Systems Engineering; 03.03. Department of Civil Engineering; 03.09. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyA serious issue with geothermal power plants is the loss of production and decline in power plant efficiency. Scaling, also known as mineral precipitation, is one of the frequently-observed issue that causes this loss and decreasing efficiency. It is heavily observed in the production wells when the geothermal fluid rises from the depths due to a change in the fluid’s physical and chemical properties. Scaling issue in geothermal power plants result in significant output losses and lower plant effectiveness. In rare instances, it might even result in the power plant being shut down. The chemistry of the geothermal fluid, non-condensable gases, pH, temperature and pressure changes in the process from production to reinjection, power plant type and design, and sometimes the materials used can also play an active role in the scaling that will occur in a geothermal system. ICP–MS was used to evaluate the chemical properties of the fluids. On the other hand, XRD, XRF and SEM were used to investigate the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the scale samples in analytical methods. For the numerical approach, PhreeqC and GWELL codes were used to follow the chemical reactivity of the geothermal fluid in Tuzla production well. The novelty of this study is to determine potential degassing point and to characterize the mineralogical assemblage formed in the well because of the fluid composition, temperature and pressure variations. During production, geothermal fluids degas in the wellbore. This causes a drastic modification of the chemistry of the Tuzla fluids. This is why it is focused the calculations on the nature of the minerals that are able to precipitate inside the well. According to simulation results, the degassing point is estimated to be about 105 m depth, consistent with the field observations. If a small quantity of precipitated minerals is predicted before the boiling point, degassing significantly changes the fluid chemistry, and the model predicts the deposition of calcite along with smaller elements including galena, barite, and quartz. The simulation results are consistent with the mineral composition of scaling collected in the well. © The Author(s) 2024.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2Year-To Differentiation of Black Tea Through Spectroscopic and Chemometric Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Özen, Fatma Banu; Çavdaroğlu, Çağrı; Donmez, O.; Serpen, A.; Ozen, B.; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03. Faculty of EngineeringThe compositions of food products such as tea can vary significantly from one harvest year to another, primarily due to factors such as shifting climatic conditions, and plant periodicity. These fluctuations in composition can significantly affect the overall product quality. Spectral methods combined with chemometric techniques can provide efficient tools to monitor and assess these variations. In this study, 205 black tea samples from two consecutive harvest years were analyzed using mid-infrared, UV–visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Mid-infrared spectra were collected for both infused and powdered samples, while only the infused samples were used for the other spectroscopic methods. The study used partial least-square discriminant (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least-square discriminant analyses (OPLS-DA) to differentiate samples by harvest year. These models, applied after various data transformations, achieved high correct classification rates. Mid-infrared spectroscopic data yielded rates of 93.33% and 90.33% for powdered and infused samples, respectively. Fluorescence and UV–visible spectra also showed excellent prediction accuracy, with success rates of 98.3% and 100%. The results indicate that these spectroscopic methods, combined with chemometric differentiation, are valuable tools for monitoring year-to-year changes in black tea. © The Author(s) 2024.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Enhancing the Sustainable Protein Extraction Process From Black Cumin Seed Cake Press for Eco-Friendly Protein Supplements(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Uzuner, Sibel; Uzuner, Sibel; Uzuner, S.; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyFinding new protein sources is essential to meet the global population’s needs. Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds and the residual cake left after oil cold pressing contain valuable nutritional compounds, including proteins, phenolics, essential amino acids, and various bioactive compounds. In the literature, the structural characteristics and functional properties of proteins from black cumin seeds have been extensively studied. However, there are limited reports on the use of emerging extraction technologies for extracting soluble proteins from black cumin seed cake press (BCSCP). Therefore, two distinct extraction techniques—microwave (MW) and ultrasonication (US)—were assessed for their effectiveness in extracting soluble proteins from BCSCP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various operational conditions on protein extraction yield and functional properties of proteins extracted from BCSCP. The maximum protein yield (27.04%) was achieved using a 10% solid/liquid ratio (SLR) at 33 °C for a 30-min extraction time with the US extraction technique. After ultrafiltration, the protein yield increased to 33.83%, showcasing the predominance of sarcosine (17.18 g/100 g), glutamine (11.63 g/100 g), and proline (33.46 g/100 g) amino acids. The water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC), foam capacity (FC), and foam stability (FS) of the BCSCP isolate were found to be 5.4 ± 0.3 g/g, 9.4 ± 0.0 g/g, 43.6 ± 6.4%, and 39.0 ± 4.7%, respectively. The study revealed that US is a suitable extraction process for obtaining soluble proteins from BCSCP with favorable functional properties. Further studies are needed to evaluate the bioavailability and health impacts of bioactive peptides in order to develop food applications. © The Author(s) 2024.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Valorization of Black Carrot Pomace and Pea Powder for Co-Production of Polygalacturonase and Pectin Lyase(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Uzuner, Sibel; Uzuner, S.; Sezgin, H.T.; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyPectic enzyme groups, particularly polygalacturonase and pectin lyase, are vital components of a high-value microbial enzyme category widely employed in applications within the fruit juice and wine industries. The exploration of alternative carbon and nitrogen sources remains crucial for enhancing enzyme production while reducing costs. This study evaluates the impact of carbon (black carrot pomace) and nitrogen (pea protein) loading on fermentable sugar content, protein content, and enzyme activities during both batch and fed-batch cultivation. Additionally, three distinct valorization techniques—thermal (steam), thermochemical (steam assisted with dilute acid), and microwave-assisted with dilute acid pretreatments—were assessed for their effectiveness in hydrolyzing black carrot pomace as a carbon source. The findings indicate that microwave-assisted dilute acid, coupled with enzymatic saccharification, resulted in the highest fermentable sugar production (0.493 g/g), achieving an 87.3% conversion yield. Pea protein demonstrated more favorable outcomes with the highest polygalacturonase activity (20.50 ± 0.52 U/L) and pectin lyase activity (46.44 ± 3.45 U/L) compared to whey protein and yeast extract used as nitrogen sources. Meanwhile, the highest polygalacturonase and pectin lyase activity, along with the highest total protein content (52.25 ± 0.06 mg/L), was recorded under the same culture conditions, reaching 164.34 ± 2.26 and 188.22 ± 1.72 U/L, respectively, after 72 h, representing approximately 1.18- and 1.34-fold increases from the batch system. Consequently, these results prove that fed-batch cultivation, utilizing black carrot pomace hydrolyzate as a feeding substrate and pea protein as a nitrogen source, significantly increases polygalacturonase and pectin lyase activity compared to batch cultivation. © The Author(s) 2024.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 3Search for Cp Violating Top Quark Couplings in Pp Collisions at √s = 13 Tev(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Escalante, Del, Valle, A.; Frühwirth, R.; Jeitler, M.; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyResults are presented from a search for CP violation in top quark pair production, using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data used for this analysis consist of final states with two charged leptons collected by the CMS experiment, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The search uses two observables, O1 and O3, which are Lorentz scalars. The observable O1 is constructed from the four-momenta of the charged leptons and the reconstructed top quarks, while O3 consists of the four-momenta of the charged leptons and the b quarks originating from the top quarks. Asymmetries in these observables are sensitive to CP violation, and their measurement is used to determine the chromoelectric dipole moment of the top quark. The results are consistent with the expectation from the standard model. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s).Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 6Synthesis of a Novel Cellulose-Based Adsorbent From Olive Tree Pruning Waste for Removal of Boron From Aqueous Solution(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Yüksel Özşen, Aslı; Yüksel, A.; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of EngineeringThis work investigated the valorization of olive tree pruning debris as a biosorbent for the removal of environmentally hazardous boron from aqueous solution using batch adsorption. For this purpose, a novel, waste-based, boron selective biosorbent from olive tree pruning waste (N-OPW) was synthesized. Alkali pretreatment, followed by glycidyl-methacrylate (GMA) grafting and providing boron selectivity with n-methyl-d-glucamine (NMDG) steps, was applied to the biomass, respectively. N-OPW was characterized using SEM, TGA, and FT-IR analyses. N-OPW showed excellent boron biosorption capacity (21.80 mg/g) in an operation pH range between 2 and 12. The equilibrium was attained in 2 h and the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.997) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99) provided the strongest match to experimental data. According to thermodynamic studies, boron adsorption was exothermic (ΔH = −34.14 kJ/mol). The reusability tests with real geothermal water showed that adsorbent had no significant decrease in boron removal capacity while desorbing >99% of the boron adsorbed for three cycles of adsorption/desorption. Results indicated that a promising, reusable, and boron selective biosorbent was successfully synthesized while utilizing olive pruning waste. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.Article Citation - WoS: 2Mitigation of Electron Cloud Effects in the FCC-EE Collider(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Yaman, Fatih; Iadarola, G.; Kersevan, R.; Oğur, S.; Ohmi, K.; Zimmermann, F.; Zobov, M.; 03.05. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyElectron clouds forming inside the beam vacuum chamber due to photoemission and secondary emission may limit the accelerator performance. Specifically, the electron clouds can blow up the vertical emittance of a positron beam, through a head-tail-type single-bunch instability, if the central electron density exceeds a certain threshold value, that can be estimated analytically. Using the codes PyECLOUD and VSim, we carried out detailed simulations of the electron-cloud build up for the main arcs and the damping ring of the FCC-ee collider, in order to identify the effective photoemission rate and secondary emission yield required for achieving and maintaining the design emittance. To this end, we present the simulated electron density at the centre of the beam pipe for various bunch spacings, secondary emission yields, and photoemission parameters, in the damping ring and in the arcs of the collider positron ring. To gain further insight into the underlying dynamics, the obtained spatial and energy distributions of the cloud electrons are illustrated as a function of time. In addition, we compare results obtained for two different secondary emission models (“Furman–Pivi” and “ECLOUD”), thereby indicating the uncertainty inherent in this type of study, without any prototype vacuum chambers yet available. We also point out a few situations where the two secondary-emission models yield similar density values. Finally, based on our simulation results for two different design variants, we conclude that the new parameter baseline of the FCC-ee will facilitate electron-cloud mitigation. © 2022, The Author(s).