WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7150
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Article Influence of Innovative Thawing Approaches on the Thermal and Chemical Structure Changes of Frozen Beef Liver(Springer, 2026) Avsar, Nazlican; Uzuner, SibelFreezing effectively preserves meat quality, but the formation of ice crystals during the process can impact tenderness and functionality. Thawing is a critical step, as it can lead to physicochemical changes-such as protein oxidation and further ice crystal growth-that may reduce product quality and consumer appeal. Therefore, the thawing method plays a key role in determining the final quality of frozen meat. This study evaluated the physicochemical and structural characteristics of beef liver frozen at - 18 +/- 2 degrees C for 20 h and thawed using three methods: water immersion thawing (WIT), ultrasonic bath thawing (UBT), and air fryer thawing (AFT). No significant differences in drip loss were observed among the UBT, AFT, and WIT samples (p > 0.05). Color measurements (L*, a*, b*) were significantly higher in raw liver than in AFT and UBT samples (p < 0.05). Compared to raw liver and the WIT method, AF and UB thawing lowered the denaturation temperature, indicating reduced thermal stability. The lowest metmyoglobin (MetMb) content was found in the UBT sample (36.57 +/- 0.87%), followed by the AFT sample (41.71 +/- 1.29%), suggesting better pigment preservation with UB thawing. Highlights circle AF and UB thawing methods resulted in a lower denaturation temperature. circle UBT showed the lowest MetMb content, helping to minimize oxidation. circle UBT caused less damage to protein chains and better preserved structural stability. circle UBT preserved desirable aroma characteristics more effectively.Article A Phenomenological Kinetic Flotation Model: Intrinsic Floatability Profiling for Batch and Continuous Flotation Systems(Springer Heidelberg, 2026) Polat, Mehmet; Guzel, Veli; Kobas, Muammer; Polat, HurriyetThis study presents a mechanistic flotation kinetics model that unifies the description of mineral particle floatability in both batch and continuous systems. Building on a physically explicit interpretation of bubble-particle interactions, the model introduces the concept of intrinsic floatability, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\upphi }_{\text{P},\text{ij}}<^>{\text{s}}$$\end{document}, defined as the size-and composition-dependent probability that a particle within a bubble's sweep volume reports to the froth. A central feature of the framework is that \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\upphi }_{\text{P},\text{ij}}<^>{\text{s}}$$\end{document} is decoupled from system-level rate-determining factors, such as bubble-particle encounter frequency, transport limits, and bubble surface crowding-that otherwise confound attempts to extract floatability distributions from kinetic data. This separation is achieved through three explicit, time-dependent parameters: the encounter rate kappa(t), the limiting flotation rate mu(t), and the bubble saturation factor chi(t). Together, these parameters isolate intrinsic particle behavior from external constraints. The model naturally reduces to the classical first-order rate law in dilute pulps, while in concentrated suspensions it predicts systematic deviations, approaching zero-order kinetics as bubble surfaces saturate. Importantly, the same formulation applies seamlessly to batch tests and multi-stage continuous circuits, enabling a consistent theoretical framework across scales and ore types. Requiring only standard flotation data and known system parameters, the model is practical for both laboratory coal flotation studies and industrial non-coal applications. Validation using batch coal data and continuous plant-scale copper flotation results demonstrates its robustness and broad relevance.Article Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Water-Soluble Quinoline-Based Conjugates with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and DNA-Binding Activities(Society of Chemists and Technologists Madeconia, 2025) Gumus, Aysegul; Okumus, Veysi; Emrullahoglu, Mustafa; Gumus, SelcukConsidering the extremely valuable biological and pharmaceutical properties of quinolines, novel water-soluble quinoline-based conjugates were designed and synthesized. In vitro antioxidant activities, such as free radical scavenging, metal chelating, and reducing-power activities, of the newly synthesized compounds (WQ-1, WQ-2, WQ-3, WQ-4, and WQ-5) were determined. Although the highest scavenging activity (41.21 +/- 1.18%) and chelating activity (23.53 +/- 0.97%) at a concentration of 500.0 mu g/ml were observed in WQ-4, it was determined that WQ-5 had the highest reducing-power ability (0.417 +/- 0.0116). The synthesized compounds were also tested for their antimicrobial activities against two Grampositive and two Gram-negative bacteria, and it was determined that only WQ-3 showed low activity against Enterococcus hirae and Staphylococcus aureus. DNA-binding activities of the compounds were also studied using calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). Additionally, the three-dimensional geometries and some electronic properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated with the density functional theory approach at B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory.Article Seismic Risk Prioritization of Stone Masonry Building Stock in Urla Peninsula Based on Rapid Assessment Techniques(Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers, 2026) Karavin, Y.S.; Akdag, N.; Demir, U.This study aims to investigate seismic risk of stone masonry buildings in the Urla Peninsula, a region of historical and architectural significance within İzmir, Türkiye. A total of 100 stone masonry buildings were surveyed and documented with a focus on their architectural characteristics, including construction techniques, material types, structural configurations, and age. Data on the properties of all surveyed buildings are provided in an open-access database. Based on the survey, multiple rapid seismic performance assessment methods were applied to evaluate the vulnerability of these structures. These included: i) FEMA P-154 Rapid Visual Screening, ii) Provisions for the Seismic Risk Evaluation of Existing Buildings under Urban Renewal Law (RBTE-2019), iii) Seismic Vulnerability Index for Vernacular Architecture (SVIVA), and iv) the Masonry Quality Index (MQI). The comparative use of different methods is intended to investigate the relative influence of parameters shaping the seismic performance of the masonry building stock rather than to align their scores. The outcomes of this research are expected to contribute to the current risk mitigation efforts for stone masonry buildings in İzmir, thereby supporting regional seismic resilience planning. © 2026, Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers. All rights reserved.Article Importance of Zoning for Vertical Circulation Planning of Densely Populated Buildings: A Simulation Based Approach for Elevator Traffic Analyses(Gazi Univ, 2025) Deligoz, Dostcan; Harputlugil, TimucinElevator systems are essential in multi-story buildings, affecting circulation, travel time, and user comfort. Traditional design methods, based on mathematical calculations, provide initial estimates of elevator numbers and capacities by considering basic operational criteria. However, these methods cannot fully capture dynamic passenger flows and temporal variations in demand. Dynamic simulation-based elevator traffic analysis, on the other hand, allows for more comprehensive evaluation of elevator operations and enables testing of alternative zoning scenarios. In this study, a dynamic simulation-based analysis is applied as a case study for a hospital outpatient building. Different zoning strategies are implemented for elevator groups to evaluate their effect on system performance. Performance criteria, including Average Waiting Time (AWT), Average Time To Destination (ATTD), and Interval (INT), are assessed across different zoning scenarios and compared with values commonly reported in the literature. The results highlight the potential of zoning to improve elevator performance, including passenger handling, waiting times, and travel efficiency. Especially in buildings where physical modifications are difficult, the combination of simulation-based analysis and carefully designed zoning strategies can reveal the potential for enhancing operational performance and optimizing elevator efficiency within existing physical constraints.Article N-Formylation of Amines Over a Protonic Zeolite Socony Mobil (H-Zsm-5) and Ion-Exchanged Zeolite: Catalytic Performance and Reusability(Sciendo, 2025) Mekkas, Nadia; Azizi, Soulef; Yilmaz, Selahattin; Benbouzid, Mohammed; Dizoglu, Gunsev; Taib, Hana; Gherraf, NoureddineAn efficient and sustainable method was developed for the N-formylation of primary and secondary amines using formic acid in dichloromethane at room temperature over zeolite H-ZSM-5 and ion-exchanged forms (Zn-ZSM-5, Cu-ZSM-5, Ag-ZSM-5, and Cd-ZSM-5). The catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analyses, revealing a regular hexagonal plate-like morphology and high surface area. H-ZSM-5 exhibited the largest surface area (248.2 m2/g) and total acidity (0.109 mmol NH3/g), while ion exchange slightly modified these properties. The catalytic system achieved excellent yields (up to 99 %) for various amines, demonstrating high efficiency and reusability. This study highlights the potential of zeolite-based catalysts as effective, recyclable materials for N-formylation processes.Article A First Process-Oriented Characterization of Eriolobus Trilobatus (Labill. Ex Poiret) Bark From Turkey: Chemical, Morphological and Energy Properties(MDPI, 2025) Sen, Umut; Yucedag, Cengiz; Balci, Busra; Arici, Sefik; Kocar, Gunnur; Sat, Beyza; Pereira, HelenaFor the first time, Eriolobus trilobatus bark from Turkey has been characterized in terms of its chemical, extractive, fuel, and ash characteristics using SEM-EDS, wet chemical analysis, phenolic analysis, FT-IR, TGA, XRF, XRD, BET surface area measurement, proximate analysis, and ash fusion temperature (AFT) determination. The results showed that the bark contains 13% ash, dominated by calcium oxalate, and 15% extractives, largely composed of polar phenolic compounds with moderate radical-scavenging potential. Thermal decomposition of bark proceeds in four distinct stages, associated with the sequential degradation of extractives/hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin/suberin, and inorganic fractions. The higher calorific value of 14.9 MJ/kg indicates moderate fuel quality compared with conventional woody biomass. Ash is mesoporous with a CaO-rich structure highly suitable for catalytic applications in biodiesel production and biomass gasification. Ash fusion analysis revealed a high flow temperature (1452 degrees C), indicating a very low slagging risk during thermochemical conversion. Overall, E. trilobatus bark is a promising material for value-added biorefinery pathways, enabling processes for the production of biochars, CaO-based catalysts, phenolic extracts, and sustainable energy. The valorization of E. trilobatus bark not only enhances the economic potential of forestry residues but also provides environmental co-benefits through carbon soil amendment and landscape applications.Article Determining Area Affected by Corona in Lung Computed Tomography Images by Three-Phase Level Set and Shearlet Transform(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Aghazadeh, Nasser; Noras, Parisa; Moghaddasighamchi, SevdaBackground:The COVID-19 pandemic has created a critical global situation, causing widespread challenges and numerous fatalities due to severe respiratory complications. Since lung involvement is a key factor in COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, accurate identification of infected regions in lung images is essential.Methods:We propose a multiphase segmentation method based on the level set framework to determine lunginvolved areas. The shearlet transform, a high-precision directional multiresolution transform, is employed to guide the gradient flow in the level set formulation. Additionally, the phase stretch transform (PST) is applied to enhance the contrast between infected and healthy regions, improving convergence speed during segmentation.Results:The proposed algorithm was tested on 500 lung images. The method accurately identified infected areas, enabling precise calculation of the percentage of lung involvement. The use of the shearlet transform also allowed clear delineation of ground-glass opacity boundaries.Conclusion:The proposed multiphase level set method, enhanced with shearlet and phase stretch transforms, effectively segments COVID-19-infected lung regions. This approach improves segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency, offering a reliable tool for quantitative lung involvement assessment.Article Chemical Composition and Reactivity of Quercus Pubescens Bark and Bark Fractions for Thermochemical Biorefinery Applications(MDPI, 2025) Sen, Umut; Balci, Busra; Arici, Sefik; Sat, Beyza; Miranda, Isabel; Pereira, HelenaAdvancing circular bioeconomy in thermochemical biorefineries requires species-specific data that link biomass composition and thermochemical performance. Here, we provide the first integrated thermochemical dataset for Quercus pubescens bark combining FT-IR, XRD, XRF, TGA, and measured ash fusion temperatures (AFT). The results reveal that bark is enriched in phenolic extractives (21.2%) and inorganics (15%), with calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) dominating the inorganic fraction, as confirmed by FT-IR and XRD. Thermal decomposition occurs between 150 degrees C and 690 degrees C. Pyrolysis follows diffusion-controlled kinetics, with apparent activation energies for bark and its fractions ranging between 70 and 103 kJ mol-1. Extraction increases the activation energy of bark. The ash exhibits a high AFT (softening: 1421 degrees C, flow: 1467 degrees C), placing this feedstock within the low-slagging, moderate-fouling range compared to other lignocellulosics. The observed COM-to-CaCO3/CaO transformation upon heating contributes to the elevated AFT. Reactivity analyses of bark fractions support thermochemical biorefinery routing of fractions: extracted bark (EB) and desuberinised bark (DB) are highly reactive and well-suited to combustion/gasification, whereas raw bark (B) and Klason lignin (KL) exhibit higher thermal stability and yield more persistent char, favoring slow pyrolysis for biochar production. Such routing strategies optimize energy recovery and also enable co-products with environmental co-benefits.Editorial A Thin Film Micro-Extraction Based Salivary Metabolomics and Chemometric Strategy for Rapid Lung Cancer Diagnosis(Galenos Publ House, 2025) Pelit, Levent; Basbinar, Yasemin; Goksel, Ozlem; Goksel, Tuncay; Erbas, İlknur; Pelit, Fusun; Ozdemir, DurmusINTRODUCTION: Lung cancer (LC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, largely due to the lack of reliable biomarkers for early detection.1 Despite advances in di-agnostic imaging and targeted therapies, the five-year survival rate remains low because most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. Consequently, the development of sensitive, non-invasive, and cost-effective diagnostic approaches is a major clinical priority. Metabolomics, the comprehensive profiling of small-molecule metabolites, has emerged as a powerful tool for uncovering cancer-associated metabolic alterations, providing insights into tumor biology and facilitating the discovery of novel biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and disease monitoring. Among biological matrices, saliva is a promising diagnostic biofluid because it can be collected non-invasively, is simple to obtain, and reflects systemic and local metabolic changes. Recent studies have demonstrated its potential for detecting various cancers, including lung cancer, highlighting its value for biomarker-based early di-agnosis.2,3 In this study, a novel thin-film microextraction (TFME) technique integrated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is introduced for the rapid, selective, and reproducible extraction of salivary metabolites. The developed TFME approach offers high throughput, reduced solvent consumption, and enhanced analytical performance, enabling the identification and quantification of key metabolic biomarkers associated with lung cancer. The objective of this workflow is to advance saliva-based metabolomics toward clinical translation, offering a promising avenue for the early and non-invasive diagnosis of lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Synthesis of SiO2 Nanoparticles and TFME blade Preparation: SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the Stöber method, followed by post-coating with tetraethyl orthosilicate, centrifugation, wash-ing with ethanol, and drying. The nanoparticles were incorporated into a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix and coated onto steel TFME blades via a controlled dip-coating process to ensure uniform film thick-ness. Participants and Sample Collection: Saliva samples were collected from 40 histopathologically con-firmed lung cancer patients and 38 healthy volunteers following an overnight fast and an oral rinse. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained (Ege University Ethics Committee, protocol: 15-11.1/46). Saliva samples were centrifuged, diluted (1:2), and stored at -80 °C until analysis. TFME Sampling and Analysis: A 96-well plate system equipped with PAN/SiO2-coated TFME blades was used for metabolite extraction (Figure 1). Blades were immersed in diluted saliva samples and rotated at 850 rpm for 150 minutes to allow analyte adsorption, followed by desorption of analytes in 0.1% formic acid for 30 minutes. Desorbed solutions were spiked with 0.5 µg/mL ornidazole as an internal standard prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. RESULTS: The TFME method was optimized to detect 18 metabolites in pre-treatment saliva samples from lung cancer patients. Chromatographic evaluation demonstrated that the Inertsil 100 column, employing isocratic elution with ornidazole as the internal standard, provided optimal separation effi-ciency and reproducibility. Extraction parameters, including desorption solution type and pH, were optimized; desorption solution type 2 at pH 8-9 yielding the highest metabolite recovery. Analytical validation indicated robust linearity (R2: 0.9841-0.9975), sensitivity (limit of detection: 0.014-0.97 μg/mL; limit of quantification: 0.046-3.20 μg/mL), precision (%relative standard deviation <20%), and accuracy (85-125% for most metabolites). Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in the me-tabolism of phenylalanine, purine, tyrosine, histidine, and methionine. The Heatmap visualization showed increased levels of proline, hypoxanthine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in lung cancer pa-tients. receiver operating characteristic curve analysis highlighted these metabolites as potential bi-omarkers, with proline exhibiting the highest diagnostic performance [area under the curve (AUC): 0.946], followed by hypoxanthine (AUC: 0.933) and phenylalanine (AUC: 0.905) CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrate that the TFME approach is a reliable and effi-cient platform for metabolomic profiling in lung cancer. Using pre-treatment saliva samples, the method achieved a sensitivity exceeding 90% for detecting newly diagnosed histopathologically con-firmed patients. Among the metabolites analyzed, proline, hypoxanthine, and phenylalanine showed strong diagnostic potential, consistent with the pathway analyses implicating purine and phenylala-nine metabolism. These results underscore the potential of salivary metabolomics as a non-invasive screening alternative in the absence of validated early lung cancer biomarkers. Additionally, TFME’s high-throughput capacity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability support its feasibility for routine clinical application.