WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7150
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Article Citation - WoS: 38Citation - Scopus: 50Multi-Zone Optimisation of High-Rise Buildings Using Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Metropolises. Part 1: Background, Methodology, Setup, and Machine Learning Results(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Ekici, Berk; Kazanasmaz, Zehra Tuğçe; Turrin, Michela; Taşgetiren, M. Fatih; Sarıyıldız, I. SevilDesigning high-rise buildings is one of the complex tasks of architecture because it involves interdisciplinary performance aspects in the conceptual phase. The necessity for sustainable high-rise buildings has increased owing to the demand for metropolises based on population growth and urbanisation trends. Although artificial intelligence (AI) techniques support swift decision-making when addressing multiple performance aspects related to sustainable buildings, previous studies only examined single floors because modelling and optimising the entire building requires extensive computational time. However, different floor levels require various design decisions because of the performance variances between the ground and sky levels of high-rises in dense urban districts. This paper presents a multi-zone optimisation (MUZO) methodology to support decision-making for an entire high-rise building considering multiple floor levels and performance aspects. The proposed methodology includes parametric modelling and simulations of high-rise buildings, as well as machine learning and optimisation as AI methods. The specific setup focuses on the quad-grid and diagrid shading devices using two daylight metrics of LEED: spatial daylight autonomy and annual sunlight exposure. The parametric model generated samples to develop surrogate models using an artificial neural network. The results of 40 surrogate models indicated that the machine learning part of the MUZO methodology can report very high prediction accuracies for 31 models and high accuracies for six quad-grid and three diagrid models. The findings indicate that the MUZO can be an important part of designing high-rises in metropolises while predicting multiple performance aspects related to sustainable buildings during the conceptual design phase. © 2021 The Author(s)Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 17Effect of Different Microencapsulating Materials on the Viability of S. Thermophilus Ccm4757 Incorporated Into Dark and Milk Chocolates(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Öztürk, Burcu; Elvan, Menşure; Özer, Merve; Tellioğlu Harsa, ŞebnemThis study aimed to evaluate the viability and bioaccessibility of Streptococcus thermophilus CCM4757 strain supplemented in dark and milk chocolates during storage period and pass through simulated in vitro gastro-intestinal tract. Microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated S. thermophilus CCM4757 strain added into the chocolates. Emulsion technique was used to microencapsulate cells with various biopolymers; carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, gum arabic, and cellobiose. The microencapsulated S. thermophilus with these coating materials was found to be viable higher than 9 log CFU/g up to 180 days of storage at 4 °C. Microbiological, physicochemical, and sensorial attributes of the chocolates containing microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated S. thermophilus CCM4757 were analyzed. The microencapsulated S. thermophilus showed a good survivability in milk (7.12 log CFU/g) and dark (6.90 log CFU/g) chocolate samples during 180-day storage at 4 °C. Supplementation of S. thermophilus did not affect significantly (P > 0.05) the sensory attributes of the chocolates. The results showed that S. thermophilus CCM4757 exhibited good cell survivability higher than 85% in chocolates under simulated gastro-intestinal fluids. S. thermophilus supplementation into the chocolate protected the viability of cells and did not affect the sensorial characteristics and moisture content of chocolates. The present study demonstrated that the dark and milk chocolates could be used as an important matrix to carry probiotics. © 2021 Elsevier LtdArticle Citation - WoS: 33Citation - Scopus: 41Development of a Personalized Thermal Comfort Driven Controller for Hvac Systems(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Turhan, Cihan; Simani, Silvio; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenIncreasing thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption are two main objectives of advanced HVAC control systems. In this study, a thermal comfort driven control (PTC-DC) algorithm was developed to improve HVAC control systems with no need of retrofitting HVAC system components. A case building located in Izmir Institute of Technology Campus-Izmir-Turkey was selected to test the developed system. First, wireless sensors were installed to the building and a mobile application was developed to monitor/collect temperature, relative humidity and thermal comfort data of an occupant. Then, the PTC-DC algorithm was developed to meet the highest occupant thermal comfort as well as saving energy. The prototypes of the controller were tested on the case building from July 3rd, 2017 to November 1st, 2018 and compared with a conventional PID controller. The results showed that the developed control algorithm and conventional controller satisfy neutral thermal comfort for 92 % and 6 % of total measurement days, respectively. From energy consumption point of view, the PTC-DC decreased energy consumption by 13.2 % compared to the conventional controller. Consequently, the PTC-DC differs from other works in the literature that the prototype of PTC-DC can be easily deployed in real environments. Moreover, the PTC-DC is low-cost and user-friendly.Article Citation - WoS: 83Citation - Scopus: 95Canopy-To Liquid Cooling for the Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries, a Constructal Approach(Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Güngör, Şahin; Çetkin, Erdal; Lorente, SylvieWith the growing interest on electric vehicles comes the question of the thermal management of their battery pack. In this work, we propose a thermally efficient solution consisting in inserting between the cells a liquid cooling system based on constructal canopy-to-canopy architectures. In such systems, the cooling fluid is driven from a trunk channel to perpendicular branches that make the tree canopy. An opposite tree collects the liquid in such a way that the two trees match canopy-to-canopy. The configuration of the cooling solution is predicted following the constructal methodology, leading to the choice of the hydraulic diameter ratios. We show that such configurations allow extracting most of the non-uniformly generated heat by the battery cell during the discharging phase, while using a small mass flow rate.Article Citation - WoS: 30Citation - Scopus: 35Fast Pyrolysis With Fractional Condensation of Lignin-Rich Digested Stillage From Second-Generation Bioethanol Production(Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Priharto, Neil; Ronsse, Frederik; Yıldız, Güray; Heeres, Hero Jan; Deuss, Peter J.; Prins, WolterPoplar-derived lignin-rich feedstock (i.e. stillage) obtained from bioethanol production was subjected to fast pyrolysis in a modified fluidised bed reactor at 430 degrees C, 480 degrees C, and 530 degrees C. The stillage was pretreated by enzymatic digestion prior to fast pyrolysis. Pyrolysis vapors were collected by fractional condensation to separate the heavy organic and aqueous phase liquids. The intention of this study was to assess the potential utilization of lignin-rich digested stillage as a fast pyrolysis feedstock. Heavy organic and aqueous phase pyrolysis liquids were obtained in yields ranging from 15.1-18.1 wt.% and 9.7-13.4 wt.% respectively. The rest of the feedstock material was converted to char (37.1-44.7 wt.%) and non-condensable gases (27.1-31.5 wt.%). Detailed liquid analysis indicated that the heavy organic phase fractions contain compounds arising from the degradation of lignin, residual microbial biomass and remaining polysaccharides. Fast pyrolysis adds 26.8 wt.% to the conversion of this otherwise recalcitrant feedstock material, thereby reducing waste generation and enhancing the value of second-generation bioethanol production.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 14Dispersion Stability of Amine Modified Graphene Oxides and Their Utilization in Solution Processed Blue Oled(Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Diker, Halide; Bozkurt, Hakan; Varlıklı, CananGraphene oxide (GO) was modified with amine derivatives which contain short (SACA) and long (LACA) alkyl chains. SACAs were n-propylamine, dipropylamine, propanolamine and LACAs were 2-ethylhexylamine, di-hexylamine, dioctylamine, and 1,12-diaminododecane and modified GOs (mGOs) were named as nPRYLA-GO, DPRYLA-GO, PRPOHA-GO, 2EHA-GO, DHA-GO, DOA-GO, and DADOD-GO, respectively. Amine modification resulted in approximately 2-folds of decrement in d-spacing of GO (8.36 angstrom). The C:O ratio, N% and d-spacing values were increased as the alkyl chain length of amine source increased. Except for PRPOHA-GO, all of the mGOs were thermally stable until 100 degrees C. All mGOs were dispersed in dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG) and isopropyl alcohol (iPA). Regardless of their structural differences, all of the mGOs formed stable dispersions in DMF, whereas SACA-mGOs and LACA-mGOs were compatible with EG and iPA, respectively. DMF, EG and iPA dispersions of DOA-GO, 2EHA-GO, nPRYLA-GO and PRPOHA-GO were doped in Al4083 and prepared composites were utilized as hole transport layer in solution processed blue OLEDs. Ground state energy levels of Al4083:DOA-GO, Al4083:EG, Al4083:PRPOHA-GO, Al4083:2EHA-GO and Al4083:nPRYLA-GO extracted from their X-ray photoelectron spectra were 0.49 eV, 0.67 eV, 0.91 eV, 0.98 eV and 1.00 eV below the work function of ITO, respectively. Among all Al4083:mGOs, the best device performance was obtained with the device that contains Al4083:DOA-GO (in EG), which presented 1.6, 1.7 and 1.5 fold enhancements in current, power and external quantum efficiencies, respectively, compared to those of Al4083:EG based device.Article Identification and Visualization of Cell Subgroups in Uncompensated Flow Cytometry Data(Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Güzel, Başak Esin Köktürk; Karaçalı, BilgeWe propose a new method for identification and visualization of cell-sub groups in uncompensated multi-color flow cytometry data. The method combines annealing-based model-free expectation-maximization to identify cell sub-groups and joint diagonalization on clustered data for better visualization. The proposed method was evaluated on a real, publicly available 8-color flow cytometry dataset manually gated beforehand for lymphocytes. The results obtained in three separable scenarios indicate that the method accurately identifies cell subgroups while properly adjusting visualization of identified cell groups by reducing the spectral overlap between the different fluorochrome channels.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 9Experimental Apparatus for Simultaneous Measurement of Triboelectricity and Triboluminescence(Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Arıca, Tuğçe A.; Topçu, Gökhan; Pala, Atamert; Demir, Mustafa MuammerTriboelectricity is a phenomenon caused by the accumulation of opposite electric charges on the surfaces of two different materials as a result of contact with each other. The phenomenon of emitting cold light when the material is subjected to physical deformation is called triboluminescence. This paper presents an experimental apparatus that allows simultaneous measurement of both triboelectricity and triboluminescence of a model composite system based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and europium tetrakis (dibenzoylmethide) triethylammonium (EuD(4)TEA). While the former component was studied in contact-separation mode giving triboelectricity, the latter emits triboluminescence upon application of mechanical impact. The device was operated at varying range of frequencies from 0.5 to 4.8 Hz and the force in the range of 5.4-9.5 N. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 14Soil Erosion Model Tested on Experimental Data of a Laboratory Flume With a Pre-Existing Rill(Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Aksoy, Hafzullah; Gedikli, Abdullah; Yılmaz, Murat; Eriş, Ebru; Ünal, N. Erdem; Yoon, Jaeyoung; Tayfur, GökmenPrediction of sediment discharge transported within flow is strongly needed in order to provide measures for a well-established erosion control and water quality management practice. Initiated by runoff generation and erosion processes sediment transport is influenced by microtopography over hillslopes of hydrological watersheds. Consideration of microtopography provides more accurate results. In this study, a process-based two-dimensional rainfall-runoff mathematical model is coupled with erosion and sediment transport component. Both the rainfall-runoff and sediment transport components make simulations in rills and over interrill areas of a bare hillslope. Models at such fine resolution are rarely verified due to the complexity of rills and interrill areas. The model was applied on a data set compiled from laboratory experiments. Erosion flume was filled with granular sand to replace a bare soil. A longitudinal rill and an interrill area were pre-formed over the soil in the flume before the simulated rainfall exerted on. The flume was given both longitudinal and lateral slopes. The simulated rainfall was changed between 45 mm/h and 105 mm/h and exerted on granular uniform fine and medium sand in the erosion flume with longitudinal and lateral slopes both changing from 5% to 20%. Calibration of the model shows that it is able to produce good results in terms of sedigraphs, which suggest also that the model might be considered an important step to verify and improve watershed scale erosion and sediment transport models.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 14Transfer of Development Rights for the Effectiveness of the Conservation Plans: a Case From Historic Kemeralti, Izmir(Elsevier Ltd., 2020) Güzle, Gamze; Akpınar, Figen; Duvarcı, YavuzThe "Cultural and Natural Asset Protection" law implemented the transfer of development rights as a new tool for land use planning and management incorporated in the heritage conservation of Turkey in 2004, but no substantive implementation has yet been developed. There is no question that the inclusion of the transfer right is a significant advantage by statute, but the design and execution of TDR needs a guideline, a model proposal. The objective of the study is therefore twofold: 1) to explore the potential and pitfalls of incorporating TDR to conserve heritage sites with a set of factors derived from existing literature and 2) to propose a model for creating and calculating TDR to achieve density limitation in built-up heritage sites. Based on empirical evidence and actual implementation of TDRs, some generic factors in the literature affect the success of TDR programs, particularly in the United States. We, therefore, decided to use a set of fundamental factors to fully evaluate the efficacy of TDR in the Turkish planning system. On the other hand, there is also a lack of research for a successful framework that uses TDR for heritage conservation in general in literature. This study aims to overcome all these shortcomings by making a general evaluation of the integration of TDR into to the planning systems, to show the intrinsic quality of heritage conservation and TDR potentials, and finally to provide a straightforward guide to a TDR model. Evidence indicates that while TDR provides the potential to preserve Kemeralti's cultural heritage as a new market-based instrument, its use should be carefully designed and regulated by public authorities, Izmir's municipality, and the community at all.