Chemical Engineering / Kimya Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/14
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Research Project 'Nano' kalsit (Caco3) üretimi(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2013) Özdemir, Ekrem; Kılıç Özdemir, SevgiBu çalışmada, nano boyutta, homojen boyut dağılımında, ve farklı morfolojilerde CaCO3 üretmek, ve büyük ölçekte ve istenen özelliklerde CaCO3 üretebilmek için prosesler geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kimyasal yöntem ile Ca++ ve CO3= iyonlarını farklı hızlarda karıştırarak oluşan çok küçük nano taneciklerin topaklaşarak kümeleştikleri görülmüştür. Zeta potansiyel deeri yaklaşık -10 mV olan ticari CaCO3, kalsiyum hidroksit (Ca(OH)2) çözeltisi içerisinde dağıtıldığında zeta potansiyel deeri +30 mV’un üzerine çıktığı görülmüş ve CaCO3’ın Ca(OH)2 içerisinde stabil olduu anlaşılmıştır. Karbonizasyon yöntemi ile kristalizasyon için gerekli olan karbon dioksit (CO2)’in çok yavaş ve kontrollü olarak Ca(OH)2 çözeltisi içerisine verilmesi ile nano CaCO3 tanecikleri üretilebilecei düşünülmüş ve buna yönelik yöntemler ve deney düzenekleri tasarlanmıştır. CO2’in dar bir yüzey alan üzerinden bir mini reaktör vasıtasıyla Ca(OH)2 çözeltisine verilmesiyle nano CaCO3 taneciklerinin oluştuğu; ancak bu taneciklerin daha çok topaklaşma eilimi içinde oldukları görülmüştür. CO2’in ortama kontrollü verilebilmesi için kısa penatrasyon yöntemi geliştirilmiş ve nano boyutlarda, homojen boyut dağılımında, ve farklı morfololojilerde kalsit (CaCO3) taneciklerinin sentezi başarılmıştır. Kısa penetrasyon yöntemi büyük ölçeklerde farklı parametreler ile denenmiş ve çok daha homojen boyut dağılımında, delikli yapıda, ve farklı morfolojilerde nano CaCO3 üretilebilmiştir. CaCO3’in Ca(OH)2 içerisinde stabilizasyonundan faydalanarak, karıştmalı bir tank reaktör içerisinde, kristalizasyon bölgesi ile stabilizasyon bölgesini birbirinden ayırmak suretiyle, kısa penetrasyon yönteminde elde edilen taneciklere benzer nano CaCO3 tanecikleri elde edilmiştir.Research Project Ultrason kontrast ajanlarının geliştirilmesi ve karakterizasyonu(2012) Özdemir, Sevgi Kılıç; Özdemir, Ekrem; Okur, SalihUltrasonografi, bata koroner kalp damar hastalklar (ekokardiografi) olmak üzere, çeitli hastalklarn tehisinde kullanlan ve maliyet etkinli i olan bir diagnostik görüntüleme yöntemidir. Ultrasonda görüntü, transdüserden gönderilen ses dalgalarnn geriye yansmas sonucu olumaktadr. Ancak, baz durumlarda çevreleyen dokulardan gelen arka plan sinyaller yöntemin hassasiyetini azaltmakta, do ru tehis için yeterince net bir görüntü elde edilememektedir. Görüntü kalitesinin artrlmas için kontrast ajan olarak adlandrlan mikroköpükçükler kullanlmaktadr. Ayrca, mikroköpükçükler ilaç, gen, ve DNA tamakta ve kontrollü salmlarda da kullanlmaktadr. Mikroköpükçüklerin bu ve daha nitelikli alanlarda kullanlabilmeleri için, yaplarnn güçlendirilmesi ve stabilitelerinin artrlmalar gerekmektedir.Research Project İlk Yerli Üretim Ultrason Kontrast Maddesi Olan Mikroköpükçüklerin İn-vitro ve İn-vivo Karakterizasyonlarının Yapılması(2016) Özdemir, Sevgi Kılıç; Barış, Mustafa Mahmut; Yılmaz, Osman; Özdemir, EkremUltrasonografi tıpta yaygın olarak kullanılan tanı yöntemlerinden biridir. Ancak, ultrasonografide bazı durumlarda görüntü kalitesi istenen düzeyde değildir. Görüntünün daha net ve açıklayıcı olabilmesi için ultrason kontrast maddesi mikroköpükçüklerin kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 2010-2012 yılları arasında TÜBİTAK tarafından desteklenen 109M494 nolu proje kapsamında geliştirilen farklı kompozisyonda ilk yerli üretim mikroköpükçüklerin morfoloji ve ultrason altında in-vitro ve in-vivo stabiliteleri araştırılmıştır. Floresan mikroskobu ile yapılan çalışmalarda, her bir mikroköpükçüğün kendine özgü yüzey kompozisyonuna ve yüzey morfolojisine sahip olduklarını gösterilmiştir. Gözlenen yüzey morfolojilerinin mikroköpükçüklerin üretim aşamasından görüntüleme anına kadar geçen sürede oluştuğu kanaatine varılmıştır. Mikroköpükçüklerin yüzeyinde monotabaka yapısı yanında kümelenmiş moleküllerin de oluştuğu bölgeler tespit edilmiştir. Mikroköpükçük formulasyonlarına eklenen PEG40St miktarı ile mikroköpükçüklerin ekojenitelerinde artış olduğu saptanmış; ancak, mikroköpükçüklerin yüzeylerinde PEG40St miktarı arttıkça mikroköpükçüklerin ultrason altında stabilitelerinin azaldığı bulunmuştur. Mikroköpükçüklerin ultrason ile konsantrasyonlarının tespit edilebilmesi için yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Mikroköpükçüklerin, sıçan ve tavşan modellerinde in-vivo uygulamalarında, dolaşıma verilen mikroköpükçüklerin stabil olarak akciğer bariyerini geçebildiği, kalp tarafından arterial sistemik dolaşıma pompalanarak aortada ekojenite oluşturabildiği, ve vasküler yatağın tüm alanlarını doldurabildiği gösterilmiştir. Ticari mikroköpükçük olan Vevomarker® ile karşılaştırmalarda, araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen mikroköpükçüklerin mukayese edilebilir düzeyde oldukları gösterilmiştirArticle Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Inhibition of Caco3 Growth and Synthesis of Submicron Particles by Preferential Adsorption of Additive Ca2+ Ions on Fresh Precipitates(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022) Majekodunmi, Olukayode T.; Kılıç Özdemir, Sevgi; Özdemir, EkremThis study demonstrates a method to inhibit the growth of CaCO3 and synthesize submicron particles in a chemical precipitation process under ambient and high supersaturation conditions. Equimolar CaCl2 and Na2CO3 solutions were mixed in a model tubular reactor at a constant flow rate, and the precipitates were continuously dispersed in stirred 250 mL of 10 mM Ca(OH)2 solution. This approach resulted in the synthesis of colloidally stable submicron CaCO3 particles for a precipitant concentration ≤75 mM. Varying the precipitates’ retention time in the tubular reactor had no significant effects on the particle size and colloidal stability. Time-dependent changes in the mean size, crystal form, morphology and specific surface area of the synthesized particles were also studied. For a precipitant concentration of 75 mM, the particles were monodispersed and porous spindle-like scalenohedral crystals which gradually grew in all faces as more precipitates were fed into the Ca(OH)2 solution. The mean hydrodynamic size of the particles was ∼850 nm at the 8th minute. However, in the absence of additive Ca2+ ions, the particles obtained at the 8th minute were polydisperse mixtures of vaterite and rhombohedral calcite particles greater than 4 μm in size. The results show that free additive Ca2+ ions are irreversibly adsorbed onto the particles as the precipitates dissolve and recrystallize into smaller crystals upon reaching the Ca(OH)2 solution.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 9Hollow Nano-caco3's Voc Sensing Properties: a Dft Calculation and Experimental Assessments(Elsevier, 2023) Bayram, Abdullah; Farzaneh, Amir; Esrafili, Mehdi D.; Okur, Salih; Özdemir, EkremAir is the most critical and necessary for life, and air quality significantly impacts people's health. Both indoor and outdoor pollution frequently contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Such contaminants provide immediate or long-term health risks to the living system. The present study investigates sorption characteristics of VOCs on hollow nano calcite (CaCO3) particles with 250 nm and 40 nm pore sizes to remove from the air ambient using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique at room temperature both experimentally and theoretically. The results were supported by density functional theory (DFT), and adsorption-desorption characteristics were studied with Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The QCM measurements showed a stable signal without having hysteresis, and the response of polar VOCs on hollow nano-CaCO3 particles such as ethanol, propanol, and humidity with higher polarity was less compared to solvents such as chloroform and dichloromethane, which revealed that the surfaces of CaCO3 particles have mostly non-polar properties. CaCO3 surface and VOC molecule interactions overlap with the Langmuir model. With DFT calculations, VOC and water molecule adsorption changes the CaCO3 Egap. Our findings show that the ΔEgap values increase as chloroform > dichloromethane > propanol > ethanol > water. This order suggests that the sensing response of the hollow CaCO3 structure is linearly proportional to the adsorption energies of VOC and water. The linear adsorption characteristics, high sensing response, and short recovery time illustrated that the newly synthesized nano-CaCO3 could be implemented as a new VOC adsorbent material for health, environmental sustainability, and in vitro microbiome cultures.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 29Dynamic Nature of Supercritical Co2 Adsorption on Coals(Springer Verlag, 2017) Özdemir, EkremAdsorption on non-rigid solids was shown to be a dynamic process. Excess adsorption and desorption isotherms of CO2 on eight Argonne Premium coal samples were measured at 55 °C and pressures up to 14 MPa by manometric method. The excess adsorption isotherms of CO2 on powdered coals showed almost Langmuir-like to rectilinear shape behavior at low pressures up to 9 MPa, and it increased noticeably at pressures higher than 9 MPa. There was a significant hysteresis between the excess adsorption and desorption isotherms for each rank of coals, which was related to the volumetric uncertainties occurring during the adsorption isotherm measurements. The parameters related to the adsorption capacity and micro porous characteristics of the coal were obtained at different pressure ranges by fitting the experimental data to the modified Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) equation at the increasingly larger pressure ranges, using only the first 4 data points of the excess adsorption isotherm initially, and progressively using additional data points for the subsequent values. It was shown that the curve fit parameters vary with pressure, and therefore, concluded that the adsorption on non-rigid solids such as CO2 on coal is indeed a dynamic process. It was suggested that new adsorption isotherm equations need to be developed considering the dynamic nature of the adsorption on solid adsorbents.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 31Nano-Caco3 Synthesis by Jet Flow(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Ülkeryıldız, Eda; Kılıç, Sevgi; Özdemir, EkremA new methodology was introduced to produce hollow nano calcite particles in homogenous size distribution without aggregation. The design consisted of a jet flow system in which the crystallization region was separated from the stabilization region. The newly produced nano CaCO3 particles of about 140 nm were removed from the crystallization region as quickly as possible into the stabilization region before aggregation or crystal growth. In the stages of crystallization, the particles started to dissolve from their edges which opened-up the pores inside the particles. At the late stages of crystallization, the open pores closed. These particles were stable in Ca(OH)2 solution and no aggregation was detected. Different particles with different morphologies can be produced by adjusting the stages in the crystallization.Article Citation - WoS: 48Citation - Scopus: 52Stability of Caco3 in Ca(oh)2 Solution(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Kılıç, Sevgi; Toprak, Görkem; Özdemir, EkremThe effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) on the stability of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles was investigated with respect to the surface potential and particle size. Both CaCO3 and Ca(OH)2 were dissolved in ultrapure water at concentrations up to 100 mM. The solubility limits were about 18 mM for Ca(OH)2 and about 0.13 mM for CaCO3 at 23 °C in water. Dissolution of commercial CaCO3 in 10 mM of Ca(OH)2 solution and dissolution of Ca(OH)2 in 10 mM of CaCO3 slurry were also studied at similar conditions. Conductivity, pH, zeta potential, and average particle sizes were measured for each solution. The morphological characteristics of the particles were analyzed by the SEM images. It was found that the zeta potential of CaCO3 particles was greater than + 30 mV when they were placed in the Ca(OH)2 solution compared to a zeta potential value of - 10 mV in water. It was concluded that the Ca(OH)2 solution is a stabilizer for the CaCO3 particles.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 22Role of Ph on Co2 Sequestration in Coal Seams(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Özdemir, EkremThe effect of acidic or basic pre-treatment on the adsorption capacity of CO2 on coals was investigated. Argonne Premium Pocahontas No. 3, Upper Freeport, Pittsburgh No. 8, Lewiston-Stockton, Blind Canyon, Illinois No. 6, Wyodak, and Beulah-Zap coals were washed in weak solutions of H2SO4 and NaOH to the pH values of 10, 7, and 2, after an initial washing in acidic water. Attempts to treat the Wyodak and Beulah-Zap coals were unsuccessful because the base treatment after the initial acid treatment resulted in a suspension which could be separated neither via filtration through a 45 μm filter nor centrifugation. Equilibration took several days in some cases, although the as-received coal had been ground to 150 μm. Acid washing preferentially removed Ca (calcite) and Mg. Aluminosilicate clays were not notably removed. Iron was removed in significant amounts only after base treatment, possibly after it was converted to hematite. The adsorption capacity of CO2 on the acid treated coals was higher than both the base treated and untreated coals. The difference in adsorption capacities for acid and base treated coals was related to the pore sizes and mineral matter removal from the coals, where the calculated average pore size was higher for acid treated coals than for the base treated coals. It is concluded that the pH decrease due to CO2 dissolution in cleat water is favored in coal seam sequestration, which resulted in an increase in storage capacity of coals.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 23Rice-Like Hollow Nano-Caco3 Synthesis(Elsevier Ltd., 2016) Ülkeryıldız, Eda; Kılıç, Sevgi; Özdemir, EkremWe have shown that Ca(OH)2 solution is a natural stabilizer for CaCO3 particles. We designed a CO2 bubbling crystallization reactor to produce nano-CaCO3 particles in homogenous size distribution without aggregation. In the experimental set-up, the crystallization region was separated from the stabilization region. The produced nanoparticles were removed from the crystallization region into the stabilization region before aggregation or crystal growth. It was shown that rice-like hollow nano-CaCO3 particles in about 250 nm in size were produced with almost monodispersed size distribution. The particles started to dissolve through their edges as CO2 bubbles were injected, which opened-up the pores inside the particles. At the late stages of crystallization, the open pores were closed as a result of dissolution-recrystallization of the newly synthesized CaCO3 particles. These particles were stable in Ca(OH)2 solution and no aggregation was detected. The present methodology can be used in drug encapsulation into inorganic CaCO3 particles for cancer treatment with some modifications.