Chemical Engineering / Kimya Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/14
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Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 10Cvd Deposited Epoxy Copolymers as Protective Coatings for Optical Surfaces(MDPI, 2023) Karabıyık, Merve; Cihanoğlu, Gizem; Ebil, ÖzgençCopolymer thin films of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4D4) were synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) as protective coatings for optical surfaces. Chemical durability in various solvents, corrosion resistance, adhesion to substrate, thermal resistance and optical transmittance of the films were evaluated. Crosslinked thin films exhibited high chemical resistance to strong organic solvents and excellent adhesion to substrates. Poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) and poly(GMA-co-V4D4) copolymers demonstrated protection against water (<1% thickness loss), high salt resistance (<1.5% thickness loss), and high optical transparency (~90% in visible spectrum) making them ideal coating materials for optical surfaces. Combining increased mechanical properties of GMA and chemical durability V4D4, the iCVD process provides a fast and low-cost alternative for the fabrication of protective coatings.Research Project Sensör uygulamaları için polimerik filmlerin nano tanecikler ile fonksiyonlandırılması(2020) Ebil, ÖzgençFonksiyonel polimerik kaplamalar son zamanlarda, ayarlanabilir kimyasal ve optik özellikleri ve düsük sıcaklıklarda islenebilirlikleri nedeniyle inorganik benzerlerine düsük maliyetli alternatifler olarak sensör uygulamalarında büyük ilgi görmüslerdir. Fonksiyonel polimerik kaplamalar için literatürde çesitli geleneksel ıslak islemler (çözücü içeren) ve buhar fazı islemleri kullanılmıstır. Islak islemler malzeme uyumsuzlugu, ıslak islem kirlilikleri vb. gibi uygulamalarını kısıtlayan durumlardan zarar görmektedir. Bir kimyasal buhar biriktirme yöntemi olarak, baslatılmıs kimyasal buhar biriktirme (iCVD), nihai film özelliklerinin iyi kontrol edilmesini saglayan düsük sıcaklık ve daha düsük maliyet seçenegi sunmaktadır. Bu çalısmada yapısında farklı islevlere dönüstürülebilen asılı epoksi grubu içeren poli(glisidil metakrilat) pGMA temel polimerik malzeme olarak seçilmistir. Aminler, epoksitlerin sudaki nükleofilik halka açma reaksiyonlarında oldukça etkilidir. Bu nedenle, poli(dietilaminoetil metakrilat) pDEAEMA, amin grubu kaynagı olarak seçilmistir. Bu çalısmanın temel amacı, biyolojik ve kimyasal sensör uygulamaları için, iCVD ile üretilmis pGMA ve pDEAEMA kopolimer filmlerine seçilmis kuantum nokta vb. floresan nanoparçacıkların baglanmasını saglayan polimerizasyon öncesi ve sonrası yöntemlerin ve epoksi halka açma reaksiyonlarının uygulanabilirligini arastırmaktır. Bu çalısmada yapılan tüm karakterizasyon sonuçlarına göre, yüzey ve floresan nanoparçacıklar arasında daha fazla etkilesim saglandıgından, farklı sensör uygulamalarında kullanılması için alifatik amin ile fonksiyonellestirilmis p(GMA-ko-DEAEMA) kopolimer kaplamaların etkili ve uygun oldugu görülmüstür.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Polymer-Bonded Cdte Quantum Dot-Nitroxide Radical Nanoprobes for Fluorescent Sensors(Springer, 2022) Karabıyık, Merve; Ebil, ÖzgençA novel functional polymer-bonded quantum dots (QDs)-nitroxide radical complex was demonstrated. In the first part of the study, the synthesis of polymer thin films via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), functionalization of polymer thin films with amine functional groups, and attachment of QDs to polymer surface were demonstrated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy together with fluorescence spectroscopy studies revealed that aliphatic primary amine (propylamine) was very effective for the functionalization of iCVD deposited poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (pGMA) and its copolymer with diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (p(GMA-co-DEAEMA)) and also QD attachment to functionalized polymer surface. In the second part of the study, the synthesis and attachment of Quantum Dot-4Amino TEMPO (QD-4AT) nanoprobes to functionalized pGMA thin films and feasibility of using them as fluorescent sensor structures were investigated. It was found that high initial 4AT concentration and long (24 h) interaction times are beneficial for nanoprobe synthesis. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis revealed the existence of covalent bond between QD and 4AT when 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide was used during synthesis. EPR analysis together with fluorescence microscopy investigation confirmed the successful attachment of nanoprobes to polymer surface. Time-depended fluorescence quenching analysis revealed that more than 50% reduction in fluorescence intensity within 15 min demonstrating the potential of polymer bonded QD-4AT nanoprobes in various sensor applications.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 7Cvd-Deposited Oxygen-Selective Fluorinated Siloxane Copolymers as Gas Diffusion Layers(American Chemical Society, 2022) Cihanoğlu, Gizem; Ebil, ÖzgençCopolymer thin films of 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4D4), 2-(perfluorohexylethylacrylate) (PFHEA), and 2-(perfluoroalkylethylmethacrylate) (PFEMA) were synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) as potential candidates for gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for aqueous metal–air batteries. Thin-film GDLs exhibited an average water vapor transmission rate of 7.5 g m–2 day–1 and enhanced oxygen diffusion with oxygen permeabilities as high as 3.53 × 10–15 mol m m–2 s–1 Pa–1 (10.5 Barrer). The electrochemical performance of GDEs fabricated using commercial catalysts, current collectors, and synthesized GDLs was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The fabricated GDEs exhibited higher oxygen reduction current densities (228.2 mA cm–2) compared to commercial GDEs (132.7 mA cm–2). Copolymer GLDs exhibited an order of magnitude higher oxygen diffusion (39.5 × 10–8 cm2 s–1) in GDEs compared to commercial counterparts (1.84 × 10–8 cm2 s–1). Due to the high oxygen solubility of V4D4 and excellent hydrophobic behavior of PFHEA and PFEMA, their copolymers can effectively promote the diffusion of oxygen and restrict moisture intake, making them ideal materials for GDLs. Combining well-balanced properties of siloxane and fluorinated polymer chemistries, the iCVD process is an excellent low-cost method for the fabrication of GDLs for metal–air battery applications.Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 14Robust Fluorinated Siloxane Copolymers Via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition for Corrosion Protection(Springer, 2021) Cihanoğlu, Gizem; Ebil, ÖzgençHomopolymers of 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4D4), 2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl acrylate (PFHEA) and 2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl methacrylate (PFEMA) and their copolymers were synthesized via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). All coatings exhibited excellent adhesion to substrates. The corrosion resistance of iCVD coatings was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. In addition, chemical durability of various organic solvents and adhesion to the substrate were also evaluated. Tafel polarization measurements in 5 wt% NaCl solution revealed that the corrosion rates as low as 0.002 mpy on zinc substrates can be reached with 250-nm-thick iCVD-synthesized polymers which is lower than previously reported polymer coatings and more than three orders of magnitude lower than bare zinc. EIS analysis coupled with equivalent electric circuits model confirmed that poly(V4D4) and poly(PFHEA) homopolymers show extremely high protection efficiencies (similar to 99%) on zinc, while poly(V4D4-co-PFHEA) copolymer with slightly lower corrosion efficiency (85-91%) provides a better anticorrosion barrier with weight loss reduction by 57 and 45% for copper and zinc, respectively, and with improved chemical and mechanical properties. The results indicate that iCVD process enables fabrication of finely tuned fluorinated siloxane copolymer conformal coatings for corrosion protection on a variety of substrates.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 12Transparent block copolymer thin films for protection of optical elements via chemical vapor deposition(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Karabıyık, Merve; Ebil, ÖzgençIn this study, glycidyl methacrylate and 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate copolymer p(GMA-co-PFDA) thin-films fabricated via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) were investigated as protective coatings on optical BK7 glass substrates and commercial optical filters. Durability tests based on military standards MIL-F-48616 and MIL-C-48497A were performed to evaluate performance of coatings for the protection of surfaces of optical elements. Cross-linked p(GMA-co-PFDA) copolymer coatings successfully passed all durability tests showing excellent mechanical properties and protection against humidity, salt water, swelling in water, and resistance to organic solvents while providing excellent adhesion to substrate. iCVD process enabled fine tuning of film morphology, mechanical properties and hydrophobicity by controlling the process parameters. Fabricated films were hydrophobic and highly transparent (>98%) in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 1000 nm. Optical transmittance measurements before and after coating process proved that while providing chemical and physical protection, p(GMA-co-PFDA) copolymer thin-films do not cause any detectable change in optical performance of commercial narrow band and wide band filters.Article Citation - Scopus: 7Binder Effect on Electrochemical Performance of Zinc Electrodes for Nickel-Zinc Batteries(Turkish Chemical Society, 2018) Ebil, Özgenç; Cihanoğlu, GizemPolyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used as a zinc electrode binder at different concentrations to enhance the electrochemical behavior of zinc electrodes for nickel-zinc (NiZn) batteries. ZnO powders synthesized by mechanochemical and hydrothermal precipitation methods were mixed with lead oxide, calcium hydroxide and binder to prepare zinc electrodes in pouch cell NiZn batteries. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis reveal that initial morphology of zinc electrode changes drastically regardless of the binder type and its loading after charge/discharge process, and even the charge/discharge process is not complete. The results show that the presence of PEG causes better discharge capacity compared to that of PVA as a binder. Zinc electrode prepared using commercial ZnO powder and 3 wt.% PEG gives the optimum discharge capability, with a specific capacity of approximately 311 mAhg-1, while zinc electrodes prepared using ZnO powder synthesized from ZnCl2 and Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and 6 wt.% PEG exhibit high specific energy of 255 and 275 mAhg-1, respectively. The results suggest a relationship between binder loading and battery capacity, but in-situ analysis of microstructural evolution of zinc electrode during charge/discharge process is needed to confirm this relationship.Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 14Zinc Electrode Morphology Evolution in High Energy Density Nickel-Zinc Batteries(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2016) Payer, Gizem; Ebil, ÖzgençPrismatic Nickel-Zinc (NiZn) batteries with energy densities higher than 100 Wh kg-1 were prepared using Zn electrodes with different initial morphologies. The effect of initial morphology of zinc electrode on battery capacity was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal that initial morphology of zinc electrode changes drastically after a few charge/discharge cycles regardless of initial ZnO powder used. ZnO electrodes prepared using ZnO powders synthesized from ZnCl2 and Zn(NO3)2 lead to average battery energy densities ranging between 92 Wh kg-1 and 109 Wh kg-1 while using conventional ZnO powder leads to a higher energy density, 118 Wh kg-1. Average discharge capacities of zinc electrodes vary between 270 and 345 mA g-1, much lower than reported values for nano ZnO powders in literature. Higher electrode surface area or higher electrode discharge capacity does not necessarily translate to higher battery energy density.