Chemical Engineering / Kimya Mühendisliği

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 11
    Citation - Scopus: 12
    Numerical Modelling Assisted Design of a Compact Ultrafiltration (uf) Flat Sheet Membrane Module
    (MDPI, 2021) Bopape, Mokgadi F.; Van Geel, Tim; Dutta, Abhishek; Van der Bruggen, Bart; Onyango, Maurice Stephen
    The increasing adoption of ultra-low pressure (ULP) membrane systems for drinking water treatment in small rural communities is currently hindered by a limited number of studies on module design. Detailed knowledge on both intrinsic membrane transport properties and fluid hydrodynamics within the module is essential in understanding ULP performance prediction, mass transfer analysis for scaling-up between lab-scale and industrial scale research. In comparison to hollow fiber membranes, flat sheet membranes present certain advantages such as simple manufacture, sheet replacement for cleaning, moderate packing density and low to moderate energy usage. In the present case study, a numerical model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of a novel custom flat sheet membrane module has been designed in 3D to predict fluid flow conditions. The permeate flux through the membrane decreased with an increase in spacer curviness from 2.81 L/m(2)h for no (0%) curviness to 2.73 L/m(2)h for full (100%) curviness. A parametric analysis on configuration variables was carried out to determine the optimum design variables and no significant influence of spacer inflow or outflow thickness on the fluid flow were observed. The numerical model provides the necessary information on the role of geometrical and operating parameters for fabricating a module prototype where access to technical expertise is limited.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 13
    Citation - Scopus: 14
    Detection of Crispr-Cas9 Mutations Using a Carbon Nanotube-Modified Electrochemical Genosensor
    (MDPI, 2021) Kıvrak, Ezgi; Pauzaite, Tekle; Copeland, Nikki A.; Hardy, John G.; Kara, Pınar; Fırlak, Melike; İnce Yardımcı, Atike; Yılmaz, Selahattin; Palaz, Fahreddin
    The CRISPR-Cas9 system has facilitated the genetic modification of various model organisms and cell lines. The outcomes of any CRISPR-Cas9 assay should be investigated to ensure/improve the precision of genome engineering. In this study, carbon nanotube-modified disposable pencil graphite electrodes (CNT/PGEs) were used to develop a label-free electrochemical nanogenosensor for the detection of point mutations generated in the genome by using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Carbodiimide chemistry was used to immobilize the 5 '-aminohexyl-linked inosine-substituted probe on the surface of the sensor. After hybridization between the target sequence and probe at the sensor surface, guanine oxidation signals were monitored using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Optimization of the sensitivity of the nanogenoassay resulted in a lower detection limit of 213.7 nM. The nanogenosensor was highly specific for the detection of the precisely edited DNA sequence. This method allows for a rapid and easy investigation of the products of CRISPR-based gene editing and can be further developed to an array system for multiplex detection of different-gene editing outcomes.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 22
    Citation - Scopus: 23
    Multi-Organs for Testing Small-Molecule Drugs: Challenges and Perspectives
    (MDPI, 2021) Çeçen, Berivan; Karavasili, Christina; Nazir, Mubashir; Bhusal, Anant; Doğan, Elvan; Shahriyari, Fatemeh; Tamburacı, Sedef; Miri, Amir K.
    Organ-on-a-chip technology has been used in testing small-molecule drugs for screening potential therapeutics and regulatory protocols. The technology is expected to boost the development of novel therapies and accelerate the discovery of drug combinations in the coming years. This has led to the development of multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOC) for recapitulating various organs involved in the drug–body interactions. In this review, we discuss the current MOCs used in screening small-molecule drugs and then focus on the dynamic process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. We also address appropriate materials used for MOCs at low cost and scale-up capacity suitable for high-performance analysis of drugs and commercial high-throughput screening platforms. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.