GCRIS

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Development of Antifouling Nanofiltration and Antibiofouling Ultrafiltration Polymeric Membranes Using Facile Protocols
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Cihanoğlu, Aydın; Altınkaya, Sacide; Şeker, Erol
One of the major goals in membrane separation technology is to develop fouling-resistant membranes that can provide a long operating time and low operation costs. This thesis aims to manufacture fouling and biofouling-resistant polymeric nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes using unique approaches. The first approach was to change coagulation bath composition in the phase inversion technique for manufacturing fouling-resistant polyamide-imide (PAI) based NF and biofouling-resistant polysulfone (PSF)/sulfonated polyethersulfone (PSF-SPES) based UF membranes. To this end, hydrophilic branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) dissolved in the coagulation bath allowed the preparation of a positively charged PAI based NF membrane by forming a covalent bond with the imide group in the PAI. To manufacture antibacterial UF membranes, a strong antibacterial surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was dissolved in the coagulation bath and made an electrostatic interaction with SPES at the polymer/bath interface during phase inversion. Both membranes were prepared in a one-step process without using any pore formers in the casting solution. The second approach used in the thesis focused on modification of commercial polyethersulfone (PES) UF membranes with co-deposition of dopamine and CTAB molecules to impart antibiofouling behavior without compromising the pore size and pure water flux of the support. To achieve this task, during modification, an inert physical barrier was created inside the membrane pores by continuously feeding nitrogen gas (N2) from the backside of the support to prevent pore penetration. In the last approach, ultrasound as a green, controllable trigger was used for modifying PSF and PSF-SPES UF membranes with dopamine. The main purpose of using ultrasound was to accelerate the polymerization kinetics of dopamine, hence shortening the modification time.
Biofuels and Biochemicals Production From Microalgae Over Solid Catalysts
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Deliismail, Özgün; Şeker, Erol
The target of this study was the investigation of biofuel and/or biochemical production from microalgae in growth medium or its lipids over heterogenous catalyst. The primary aim was to study the conversion of 6 wt. % N. Oculata into biofuels without harvesting and dewatering over Ni-Al2O3-SiO2 catalyst at 80oC and 1 atm for 24 h. Solgel method was used to synthesize the catalyst by using the acids of H2SO4, HCl, and HNO3 to investigate the effect of acid type on catalytic activity. The catalyst prepared with H2SO4 yielded the highest conversion. The treatment of the catalyst prepared by H2SO4, with NaCl increased the conversion from 74 % to 91.5 % under same reaction conditions. The products included poly- or monosaccharides, esters and fatty acids. To achieve this conversion, Ni presence was significant beside total acidity of 25 µmol per gram of catalyst, and acidic strength ranging between 130-380oC. A new industrial application was proposed for direct conversion of 6 wt. % N. Oculata into biofuels at 80oC and 1 atm. The capacity of the plant was 1669 liters biofuel per year from 1064 liters microalgae solution per hour. The catalyst prepared with H2SO4 was used to coat either inner surface of tubes or 1-meter pluggable monoliths in tubular reactor having 20 m length and 1000 tubes each of which had 4 cm diameter. The microalgae solution was heated with Therminol®66 heated via parabolic troughs. For operation continuity, ~46000 kg of oil was stored in the tank at 120 o C for 12 h. The production of ethyl ester biodiesel from Spirulina sp. and N. Oculata lipids over 60 % CaO/Al2O3 was studied at 50oC and 1 atm. Ethanol: lipid molar ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time were investigated parameters to identify their effects on catalytic activity. The study showed that ~59 % biodiesel yield was obtained in the presence of the catalyst which was 6 wt. % of lipids, in 30 min. at ethanol: lipid molar ratio of 12 while 90 %-99 % yield was acquired at ethanol: lipid molar ratios of 24 and 48. To achieve these yields, weak basic strength in the form of bicarbonate was necessary while high basicity was not essential. Pure alumina and CaO did not yield any lipid conversion. Glycerolysis of triacylglycerol took place in series with reverse transesterification of triacylglycerol at catalyst amount which was 6 wt. % of lipids, ethanol: lipid molar ratio of 24 and 48, and 60 min. reaction time.
Hydrogen Production From Biomass on Structured Catalysts
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2012) Umdu, Emin Selahattin; Şeker, Erol
The objective of this study is to investigate crystallite-size effect for oxides of transition metals iron supported on magnesium oxide (MgO) and cerium oxide (CeO2) modified alumina (Al2O3) and the effect of the basicity and/or basic strength of support material, on activity and hydrogen selectivity in the steam reforming of glycerol. Crystallite size effect is observed for MgO and Fe on MgO/Al2O3. It is observed that larger MgO crystallites size shifts gaseous product selectivity towards CO. Further as crystallite size is becomes higher than ~5 nm for Fe for gas product selectivity decreases. Basisity has also a similar behaviour; higher basisity or presence of unidentate carbonate basic sites observed at 865 and 800 cm-1 FTIR bands for CeO2 promoted catalysts hinder CO formation and promotes CO2 formation. This also results in high activity of steam reforming. Also basisity studies shows that inorganic carboxylate catalyst site with FTIR band 1535 and 1410 cm-1 is dominantly effective for gaseous product selectivity. High total basisity do not required for high glycerol conversion, yet high total basisity results in high gaseous product selectivity. Considering studied catalysts and their catalytic activities it can be concluded that MgO and Fe modified catalysts shows better activity for syngas production due to their basic and crystalline properties. And CeO2 modified catalysts or MgO catalysts with crystallite sizes lower than 5 nm are shows better performances for CO free product

Phd Degree / Doktora

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