Phd Degree / Doktora
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/2869
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Doctoral Thesis Discourse of Publicness in the Discussions of Art Museums Since the 1990s(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Kılıç, Pınar; Çil, ElaThe 1990s was an important scene for art museums. Such that, not only an increase in art museums’ construction numbers began, but also their publicness occurred as an issue in the discourse. From the 1960s and onwards critics including artists and curators had been criticizing art museums’ institutional and operational strategies and they had been demanding a democratized art museum institution that could foster a strong and comprehensive publicness for multiple publics in society. It is interesting that since the 1990s publicness has also demanded by art museum institutions as well. As a result of the foundation of art museums’ publicness as an issue in the discourse, today we are witnessing that discussions on art museums’ publicness are high on the agenda of the art world. This dissertation aims to understand what the publicness of art museums could tell us. By considering this aim, this research is focusing on the questions, why publicness has been an issue in the discourse on art museums since the 1990s, and how and which aspects of publicness have been discussed in relation to art museums since the 1990s in the discourse.Doctoral Thesis Differences in the Uses and Needs of Neighborhood Parks: a Case Study About Female Park Users in Balçova (izmir, Turkey)(İzmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Kaştaş Uzun, İpek; Şenol, Fatma; Şenol, FatmaNeighborhood parks as important public open green spaces are supposed to provide certain opportunities of improving physical and mental health, socializing with others and developing public expression and identity in neighborhoods. However, on the contrary to ideal definitions of public open green spaces as open and accessible to all groups of the society, in real life this “access” is not guaranteed for all, mainly due to unequal distribution of resources. Especially certain groups of the society experience urban inequalities due to unequal distribution of resources. Women is one those groups who experience urban inequalities. The aim of this thesis is to produce a comprehensive research method that adopts a need-based approach to understand underlying causes of different user groups’ park needs and uses by looking at the different experiences of women in neighborhood parks based on their park perceptions as an example. Therefore, I conducted a case study in the neighborhood parks in Balçova, İzmir, Turkey with "mixed method" as a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. I realized detailed observations, questionnaires, structured and un-structured interviews with Balçova residents in neighborhood parks and community houses. As a result, this study contributes to the scientific literature with the produced comprehensive research method, park improvement suggestions that consider the differences in the needs and uses of neighborhood parks and a raised awareness regarding the park needs of women, especially the ones who are bound to neighborhood space with limited social and leisure activity opportunities.Doctoral Thesis Information Technologies and Urban Sapce Acase Study on Maslak, İstanbul(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2007) Geçer, Feral; Avar, AdileThe subject of the thesis is to examine the urban transformations that have taken place recently in Istanbul due to the dominant use of information technologies (IT)under the globalization process. Technological developments especially in the Information Technology (IT) and the telecommunications sector, influence cities and urban spaces in social, cultural and physical terms. The study focuses on the impact of IT on urban space transformations and processes in Maslak which has emerged as the new central business district for highly intensive IT user firms via a chronologically based data series.Recently Istanbul is a subject to a new kind of transformation in social,economical and physical structures. There is a new economical system enlarging upon the whole world. The globalized cities, as the capitals of this new economy, form new hinterlands which may not be geographically connected instead, associated via virtual linkages of fiberoptics and satellites of information systems and technologies. As a city strongly influenced by the globalization process which is undeniably armed by IT, Istanbul sticks out in Turkey in the world cities inventory.The problem of the thesis is constituted along the debates between two urban form theories: deconcentration theory and economic restructuring theory. This research examines two fundamental questions. First, which functions that used to be in the city are dispersed from the center and why? Second, which functions prefer urban space and tend to be together creating new kinds of agglomerations in some new places such as Maslak? Indeed, through the findings of the study, it is evidently observed with the presented data that, in the transformation process of Istanbul CBD, there are various factors accompanying the alterations in the urban space other than IT. IT is added to this process as a sidelong factor.Doctoral Thesis Evolution of Trade Centres in Relation To Changing Trade Activities(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Birol, Gaye; Eyüce, AhmetThis study examines contemporary shopping centres from a critical standpoint as spatial devices of the current global socio-economic system in which public realm is reduced to an active shopping realm. Thus, shopping centres that are spatial instruments of modern consumption culture are being transformed into means of social disintegration by breaking individual from community. Therefore, the aim of the study is to present the spatial characteristics of shopping spaces that emphasize social aspect (which enhances interactions among people) of shopping activity. Along this purpose, the relations between cultural differentiations and shopping activity are analysed within the context of the spatial characteristics of shopping places. In this study, the relationships between traditional urban spaces-contemporary shopping spaces will be examined from the point of spatial aspect of social interactions in city. It is assumed in the study that the spatial characteristics of traditional shopping places in urban space throughout their historical evolution can shed light upon analysing the quality of shopping spaces with capacity to enhance communal coherence, that is to say "shopping places with social attributes". Traditional shopping spaces in Turkey have started to transform along with the importation of the contemporary shopping centres which is one of the recent building types in Turkey emerged after 1980s. Thus, traditional shopping spaces have gradually failed to keep their salient spatial features during this transformation. Hence, a thorough analysis of above-defined transformation is needed as well as the establishment of spatial relations between the traditional and contemporary shopping spaces of a town. To this purpose, it is required to construct an alternative evaluation approach based on the characteristics about spatial qualities of traditional urban fabric.The major objective of this study is the investigation of spatial characteristics of traditional shopping space. Thus, it is of particular interest to find out spatial characteristics that maintain the unity between shopping activity and social fabric in traditional shopping space (that is the urban space itself in traditional city). Along this path, it is aimed to develop a new evaluation approach for the spatial analysis of shopping spaces.Spatial evaluation approach proposed in the thesis consists of spatial characteristics, which are required by urban fabric-shopping space-social structure unity of pre-industrial town in order to reinterpret them in the contemporary shopping centres. Thus, the problem area was defined in the first chapter of the study. Theoretical framework in which spatial relationships in regard to the concept of .shopping places with social attributes. is evaluated, was clarified in the second chapter. Then, in the third chapter, the study focused on revealing the historical growth of relationships between shopping space-urban space in the both Western and Anatolian cities. Spatial characteristics and cultural differentiations of shopping activity were elucidated. These characteristics were matched with the spatial characteristics that constitute "shopping places with social attributes". Therefore, a comparative analysis approach was developed in order to specify resemblances and divergences of contemporary shopping spaces with traditional shopping places in Western and Anatolian cities. In the next stage of the third chapter, traditional shopping spaces in Western and Anatolian cities were compared with contemporary shopping spaces from the viewpoint of the spatial features, with social attributes. Therefore, the spatial features of traditional "shopping places with social attributes", were established. In the fourth chapter of the study, these spatial features were systematised through theories of urban design, architectural design and shopping centre design criteria. Consequently, an alternative approach was formulated in order to evaluate the potentials for creating "shopping places with social attributes" in contemporary shopping centres. This approach, at the same time, contains a series of key principles, which can shed light upon achieving unity of urban fabric-shopping space-social structure in contemporary shopping spaces. Balıkesir is selected for the case study in association with the concept of shopping places with social attributes, which constitutes the problem area of the thesis. In the fifth chapter, the salient features of existing shopping spaces in Balıkesir were examined within the framework of this approach. Thus, it is concluded that the area must be transformed into a shopping place that can enhance social relationships by rehabilitation of the existing spatial fabric. Thus, it is suggested that traditional spatial principles should play determining role for developing design criteria of contemporary shopping spaces.It is concluded that rehabilitation of the disintegration between urban space and shopping space would facilitate formation of commercially successful shopping spaces for its investors. Also, contemporary shopping spaces would become a building typology that provides physical and spatial medium required for social functions of the city. Therefore, the concept of .shopping places with social attributes. was set forth with its all components, and was developed into a systematic evaluation approach that can be utilised for contemporary shopping spaces.Keywords: Shopping centre, shopping space, social values, traditional urban space, Balıkesir.Doctoral Thesis Determination of the Place Concept in Reproduction Process of Built Environment: Kordon, Izmir as a Case Study(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Yılmaz, Ebru; Ergül, EmreThis research aims to argue the transformative effect of modernist processes on the reproduction of built environment with reference to the concepts "place" and "space" Place as lived space will be questioned under the impact of the process of the reproduction of built environment. At the same time, it is related with the general rules of the process of production. Urban space, which is basically determined with power relations, is perceived through spatial codes that conduct the effect of this relation. Space as a representation of a particular discourse and idea is more than a neutral box. Clearly, it exhibits a multi-layered structure representing all types of political, economic, social and cultural discourses behind its creation. The concept of place involves firstly the spatial relations taking place in a particular geography and secondly the sense of attachment evoked as a result of these relations. Place concept cannot be thought independent of the power whose existence dictates all these relation types. In addition to that, space that continues to be produced through the practices of daily life remains to be a part of mental production, both individually and collectively. If the production of space is taken into consideration, each manipulation is also a redefinition of all elements constructing the identity of places and sense of belonging. For that reason, in order to analyze the meaning of a place, detailed reading of all layers involving the deciphering of their historical stratification is required. Reproduction of space is an entire reproduction with all its relations taking place in it. At the same time, it is the reproduction of place with all features that identifies it. Thus, today, a new viewpoint is required; because physical restructurings form a constant threat for our cities by destroying their identical spaces and physical focuses of social life, and finally by creating a crisis of memory.Doctoral Thesis Questioning the Privatization of Public Space: the "publicness" of Shopping Centers(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2011) Taşkın Erten, Özlem; Özdemir, Semahat; Özdemir, SemahatThis study focuses on the transformative impact of privatization on public space and questions the theoretical debate on this transformation via testing the extents of 'publicness' of shopping centers. The research seeks to achieve two major objectives: The first is to determine the criteria that affect the level of publicness of a shopping center by means of a statistics-based quantitative study and to illustrate the influence of these criteria on the publicness of public spaces. The second is to question whether a model that will help assess the 'publicness' of a shopping center can be developed.The qualities that shape 'publicness' attributed to shopping centers are defined almost always with reference to users' relation to the space. Recent studies have argued that it is possible to measure the publicness and accessibility of public spaces. In contrast this study attempts to develop a novel quantitative framework which advances the methodologies of these studies and proposes the application of this framework to shopping centers as private places. The effective criteria used in the development of this quantitative framework in testing the 'publicness' of shopping centers are: 'interest', 'symbolic access', 'access to activities', 'access to resources', 'access to information', and 'physical access'. This quantitative framework was tested on two shopping centers in Izmir, Turkey: Forum Bornova Life and Shopping Center and Agora Shopping Center. During field research direct observation, interviews and a survey questionnaire directed at users were conducted on site. When the results of study were interpreted the level of publicness of these two shopping centers were seen to be different. Regarding each criteria mentioned above the two shopping centers were assessed to have 'high publicness' or 'low publicness' and the relationship between these criteria and publicness were observed. The study concludes with recommendations on how to increase the level of publicness of public spaces in cities and shopping center developments.