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Gauged and Geometric Vector Fields at the Mev Scale
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Puliçe, Beyhan; Puliçe, Beyhan; Demir, Durmuş Ali; Demir, Durmuş Ali; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science
In this thesis, we have studied gauged and geometric vector fields at the MeV scale in two main parts. The basic framework of these two parts are given briefly as follows. In the first part (Chapter \ref{chapter-U(1)}), we have built a family-nonuniversal $U(1)^\prime$ model populated by an MeV-scale sector with a minimal new field content which explains the recent anomalous beryllium decays. Excited beryllium has been observed to decay into electron-positron pairs with a $6.8~\sigma$ anomaly. The process is properly explained by a $17$ MeV proto-phobic vector boson. In this thesis, we consider a family-nonuniversal $U(1)^{\prime}$ that is populated by the $U(1)^{\prime}$ gauge boson $Z^\prime$ and a scalar field $S$. The kinetic mixing of $Z^\prime$ with the hypercharge gauge boson, as we show by a detailed analysis, generates the observed beryllium anomaly. We show that beryllium anomaly can be explained by an MeV-scale sector with a minimal new field content. In the second part (Chapter \ref{chapter-GDM}), we have shown how a light vector particle can arise from metric-affine gravity and how this particle fits the current data and constraints on the dark matter. We show that, metric-affine gravity , which involves metric tensor and affine connection as two independent fields, dynamically reduces, in its minimal form, to the usual gravity plus a massive vector field. The vector $Y_\mu$ is neutral and long-living when its mass range lies in the range $9.4\ {\rm MeV} < M_Y < 28.4\ {\rm MeV}$. Its scattering cross section from nucleons, which is some 60 orders of magnitude below the current bounds, is too small to facilitate direct detection of the dark matter. This property provides an explanation for whys and hows of dark matter searches. We show that due to its geometrical origin the $Y_\mu$ couples only to fermions. This very feature of the $Y_\mu$ makes it fundamentally different than all the other vector dark matter candidates in the literature. The geometrical dark matter we present is minimal and self-consistent not only theoretically but also astrophysically in that its feebly interacting nature is all that is needed for its longevity.
Studies on Modified Newtonian Dynamics and Dark Matter
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Karahan, Canan Nurhan; Demir, Durmuş Ali; Demir, Durmuş Ali; 04.05. Department of Pyhsics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
The flat rotation curves of the galaxies are considered to be anomalous observations according to Newtonian dynamics. There are two dierent approaches to explain this challenge - Dark Matter (DM) and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). Both of them possess some failures as well as many successes. Beyond these failures, they have much more fundamental diculties such as the lack of any direct or indirect detection of proposed dark matter candidates and the lack of a full-fledged relativistic version of MOND theory. In this thesis, focus will be on these fundamental problems. First, the relativistic MOND theory will be studied. The first successful relativistic version is Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) theory based on bimetric gravity. However, the addition of vector and scalar fields into the theory by hand is not much dierent than the addition of dark matter. In this study, TeVeS theory will be constructed in a more natural way. To do this, at first standard Einstein-Hilbert action will be extended by using non-Riemannian structures (torsion, non-metricity, etc.) from metric-ane formalism. It will then be shown that obtained extended theory of gravity could turn into a Tensor- Vector-Scalar theory via decomposition of ane connection as Levi-Civita connection and rank(1,2) tensorial structure composed of lower rank fundamental and composite fields such as vector and scalar fields. Subsequently, it will be continued with a study on the relativistic MOND theory, without requiring an action principle. In this study, energy momentum tensor part will be modified rather than the geometrical part of the Einstein field equations. This could be considered as the first dynamical approach to relativistic MOND in the literature. It will be shown that the modified field equations obtained via this dynamical approach can be reduced to true MONDian force in the non-relativistic limit in some astrophysical domains. This study can be also considered as an extension of Milgrom’s modified inertia approach to relativistic domain. Finally, a new phenomenological model- Higgsed Stueckelberg scenario - involving a hidden vector field with an accompanying scalar field ensuring the gauge invariance will be proposed. It will be shown that the contributions from the hidden fields could stabilize the Higgs boson mass at one-loop, where the set up can accommodate naturally a viable DM candidate.

Phd Degree / Doktora

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