Phd Degree / Doktora
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/2869
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Doctoral Thesis Reducing Risk in 'preservation Project Management': Re-Definition of the 'assessment Phase'(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Özkut, Deniz; Eyüce, AhmetThe aim of this study is to redefine the pre-assessment phase as a sub-task that is 'pre-requisite' to the implementation and design phases of the preservation project, and to re-construct an effective project framework by emphasizing the role of the risks for the achievement of qualitative objectives. The main goal in constructing the scope of the project and the framework is to attain the synthesis of two different disciplines, namely management science and preservation.Cultural properties have significant 'values' such as having been preserved and transmitted to subsequent generations. Hence the cultural property keeps its originality; it is also required to provide for the preservation of all sorts of valuable architectural elements and values which are indicators of cultural characteristics and historical identity. When observed from a conceptual point of view, 'values' cause the divergences in the preservation process, which are named the pre-requisites in this dissertation.In regard to this dissertation, the preservation process differs from that of a In regard to this dissertation, the preservation process differs from that of a hand, and the legal requisites on the other. The seriously higher ratio of unexpected, unestimated, and unidentified input naturally entails indefiniteness in the preservation process. The most important parameter that shapes a preservation process appears to be 'risks' that consist of those indefinite input preventing the project from a proper definition of its context. The project components that debar scope definition in initial phases of the preservation process increase the risk margin in implementation process as well as intervention decisions and priorities.The Preservation Process is the preservation of the cultural property within an effective project system, which is aimed at attaining the total quality as a result of a synthesis of the technology, technique, and material originally deployed with those of the present. This preservation project, in addition, may be defined as a document that halts the deterioration, exterminates present structural deficiencies, and combines the study, research, evaluation, decision and implementation mechanisms needed to identify the intervention to be performed after research on and identification of the reasons for deterioration of the cultural property are completed.In order to achieve sound preservation, it is essential to obtain comprehensive, accurate, utilizable, and relevant information about the context in the pre-assessment phase, which takes place prior to the projecting phase of the preservation process.The pre-assessment phase is concerned with investigation, analysis, definition, understanding, and solution of the problems that will be the precise input of the priorities. The essential aim of pre-assessment phase is to differentiate the indefinite initial information about the risks in order to prevent the intervention priorities from causing any refractory consequences. Thus, prerequisites of the preservation project will be determinant in forming vertical correlation of project management tools.While approaches offered by the field of preservation occupy center stage in this dissertation, the project management will augment and support the main field.Management of the preservation projects will be in the end attainable for preservation of the cultural identity in a proper way by means of accurate decisions preservation of the cultural identity in a proper way by means of accurate decisions line with the preservation process has been attempted, the more the data of the preservation project will be re-organized and re-defined in order to analyze the risks by means of the utilization of the sub-tasks of Project Management. By means of redefinition of these components with respect to the preservation prerequisites, process of preservation project will be re-organized, as well as re-defined in order to reduce risks, within legal framework.The legal tools, which are the most influential in determining the main framework of the preservation process, are also influential in decision priorities and types of implementation of preservation work. It is primarily required to analyze all legal input including the laws and terms of reference upon which the process of preservation is dependent besides international laws, laws, regulations, by-laws of Higher Council for Preservation of Cultural Natural Entities, notes of the plans, and decisions of sites and groups by Preservation Councils, implementation principles and the unit price lists and material definitions. Those tools that have been classified as constituting the process that precedes the initiation of projecting process, projecting process, the process of approval, and implementation and postpostimplementation processes, have been discussed in terms of their respective impact upon preservation projects and challenges encountered.It is essential to achieve appropriate intervention decisions, priorities and methods of the preservation project with a process chart of pre-assessment phase besides the appropriate implementation depending on these decisions.There will be a main sentence in the chart as, "There may be some re-orientations in the preassessment phase whereas project management tools and preservation process are integrated in terms of defined flexibility".Doctoral Thesis Evolution of Trade Centres in Relation To Changing Trade Activities(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2003) Birol, Gaye; Eyüce, AhmetThis study examines contemporary shopping centres from a critical standpoint as spatial devices of the current global socio-economic system in which public realm is reduced to an active shopping realm. Thus, shopping centres that are spatial instruments of modern consumption culture are being transformed into means of social disintegration by breaking individual from community. Therefore, the aim of the study is to present the spatial characteristics of shopping spaces that emphasize social aspect (which enhances interactions among people) of shopping activity. Along this purpose, the relations between cultural differentiations and shopping activity are analysed within the context of the spatial characteristics of shopping places. In this study, the relationships between traditional urban spaces-contemporary shopping spaces will be examined from the point of spatial aspect of social interactions in city. It is assumed in the study that the spatial characteristics of traditional shopping places in urban space throughout their historical evolution can shed light upon analysing the quality of shopping spaces with capacity to enhance communal coherence, that is to say "shopping places with social attributes". Traditional shopping spaces in Turkey have started to transform along with the importation of the contemporary shopping centres which is one of the recent building types in Turkey emerged after 1980s. Thus, traditional shopping spaces have gradually failed to keep their salient spatial features during this transformation. Hence, a thorough analysis of above-defined transformation is needed as well as the establishment of spatial relations between the traditional and contemporary shopping spaces of a town. To this purpose, it is required to construct an alternative evaluation approach based on the characteristics about spatial qualities of traditional urban fabric.The major objective of this study is the investigation of spatial characteristics of traditional shopping space. Thus, it is of particular interest to find out spatial characteristics that maintain the unity between shopping activity and social fabric in traditional shopping space (that is the urban space itself in traditional city). Along this path, it is aimed to develop a new evaluation approach for the spatial analysis of shopping spaces.Spatial evaluation approach proposed in the thesis consists of spatial characteristics, which are required by urban fabric-shopping space-social structure unity of pre-industrial town in order to reinterpret them in the contemporary shopping centres. Thus, the problem area was defined in the first chapter of the study. Theoretical framework in which spatial relationships in regard to the concept of .shopping places with social attributes. is evaluated, was clarified in the second chapter. Then, in the third chapter, the study focused on revealing the historical growth of relationships between shopping space-urban space in the both Western and Anatolian cities. Spatial characteristics and cultural differentiations of shopping activity were elucidated. These characteristics were matched with the spatial characteristics that constitute "shopping places with social attributes". Therefore, a comparative analysis approach was developed in order to specify resemblances and divergences of contemporary shopping spaces with traditional shopping places in Western and Anatolian cities. In the next stage of the third chapter, traditional shopping spaces in Western and Anatolian cities were compared with contemporary shopping spaces from the viewpoint of the spatial features, with social attributes. Therefore, the spatial features of traditional "shopping places with social attributes", were established. In the fourth chapter of the study, these spatial features were systematised through theories of urban design, architectural design and shopping centre design criteria. Consequently, an alternative approach was formulated in order to evaluate the potentials for creating "shopping places with social attributes" in contemporary shopping centres. This approach, at the same time, contains a series of key principles, which can shed light upon achieving unity of urban fabric-shopping space-social structure in contemporary shopping spaces. Balıkesir is selected for the case study in association with the concept of shopping places with social attributes, which constitutes the problem area of the thesis. In the fifth chapter, the salient features of existing shopping spaces in Balıkesir were examined within the framework of this approach. Thus, it is concluded that the area must be transformed into a shopping place that can enhance social relationships by rehabilitation of the existing spatial fabric. Thus, it is suggested that traditional spatial principles should play determining role for developing design criteria of contemporary shopping spaces.It is concluded that rehabilitation of the disintegration between urban space and shopping space would facilitate formation of commercially successful shopping spaces for its investors. Also, contemporary shopping spaces would become a building typology that provides physical and spatial medium required for social functions of the city. Therefore, the concept of .shopping places with social attributes. was set forth with its all components, and was developed into a systematic evaluation approach that can be utilised for contemporary shopping spaces.Keywords: Shopping centre, shopping space, social values, traditional urban space, Balıkesir.Doctoral Thesis A Retrospective Evaluation of Space Organization Principles in Architecture (building on Mimar Kemalettin Street in Izmir)(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2000) Turan, Mine; Hamamcıoğlu Turan, Mine; Eyüce, Ahmet; Eyüce, AhmetThe fundamental idea aimed in this study is to invoke some architectural ways of handling the space organization problems in historic urban sites subjected to unhealthy transformations. The dominant function may be kept as constant through out ages in a specific region, but still it is certain that architectural end products pertaining to different periods will most probably reflect the modifications in spatial decisions appropriate to their own social, cultural and economical context. It has been thought that if a method of morphological evaluation is developed to decipher the spatial qualities of the present buildings belonging to different periods, it will then be possible to derive significant spatial values to be taken into consideration in succeeding design decisions. This will result in a poly-phasal urban morphology with heterogeneous spatial qualities, instead of an enormous complexity stemming from inappropriate conversions. It is thought that the present situation of the built environment in izmir is mostly recalled with its negative aspects. Renewals and bad restorations had resulted in the loss of so far established identity on MK Street, and a better one has not been formed. Nevertheless, it has preserved the architectural characteristics that make it a transitional zone between the totally preserved historical commercial district Kemeraltl and the totally burned down and renewed Alsancak. It has buildings representing the commercial activities experienced in Traditional Ottoman, Westernization, Early Republican, Modern and Post-Modern periods in this historical commercial region of izmir.Within this frame, in each chapter of the thesis the following points have been put forth for discussion. The introduction presents the arguments of the thesis with respect to the architectural developments in the country and izmir. The aims and content are clearly stated, where as the points that will be kept out of the discussion ground are pointed out as well. This means the denotative meanings of space are chosen to be discussed instead of the connotative ones. The problem is, then, defined in terms of hypothesis. Following this, the methodology suggested for deciphering the general architectural characteristics and space organization principles of buildings has been presented. The first step of the method, therefore, involves the establishment of an architectural database necessary for further discussions and the second one proposes a morphological evaluation system for the analysis of the spatial systems of each building. The way of handling the written and illustrative results arrived at the end of the analysis is to compare them with each other to clearly state the dominant and peculiar spatial themes in text format. Finally, the buildings themselves as the primary sources of this study, together with the archive documents, old maps and photographs, travelogues, evaluations of previous researchers on history of izrnir and the architectural practice in the city, and previous studies dealing with space evaluation methods are criticized.Chapter 2 auns to get acquainted with the problems of the thesis by understanding the correlation between the social and economical developments, and also the architectural developments in izrnir through out the ages. The architectural reflections of this historical evolution have been identified on the continuously transformed commercial district of Mimar Kemalettin Street. This resume of the historical and architectural developments in the study area with respect to those within the city whole has provided a ground for the following spatial evaluations of buildings within the limits of their two constants - location and function.Chapter 3 evaluates the buildings and built form on Mimar Kemalettin Street as representatives of different architectural trends. The information pertaining to tectonics provided in the identification and design sheets, and the spatial characteristics analyzed in the system tables have been evaluated in this chapter. It is understood that there are representatives of five major architectural trends: Traditional Ottoman, Late Ottoman under the Influence of Westernization, Early Republican, Modem and Post-Modem. Comparison among different sets of buildings possessing similar function and location specifications, but created according to different architectural traditions and generally in different periods have been put forth in order to clarify the characteristics of a certain group within the set. In the conclusion, space organization principles belonging to buildings of various architectural periods and the built form in the transformed urban fabric of MK Street deciphered through out the study have been interpreted. The primary hypothesis of the thesis that each architectural trend on MK Street has its own space organization principles, but there is also a general evolution of the commercial space systems has been proved via the proposed method. The proposed method has been efficient in establishing an architectural database related with the seventy-three buildings studied. Consequently, spatial systems of each period have been delineated. Then, related analysis and evaluation results have been put forward, and compared with each other. This way of differentiating significant spatial values developed in every period will surely illuminate the decisions to be taken under the pressure of virtual transformations.