Phd Degree / Doktora
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/2869
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Doctoral Thesis Yeni Çift Düzlem-Simetrili Çift-Küresel 6R Katlanabilir-Plaka Ağlarının Geliştirilmesi(2025) Gür, Şebnem; Korkmaz, KorayKatlanmış-plak strüktürler, daha az malzeme ihtiyacı ve ek kaplama/giydirme gerektirmemesi nedeniyle daha hafif, daha hızlı ve daha ucuz bir inşa sunar. Katlanabilir-plak sistemleri, katlanmış-plakların bu avantajlarına ek olarak hareket kabiliyeti de sağlayarak tasarıma sürdürülebilirlik ve uyarlanabilirlik kazandırır. Ancak, pek çok parçadan oluşmaları veya hareketlerinin hesaplanmasını ve kontrolünü önemli ölçüde zorlaştıran birden fazla serbestlik-derecesine(SD) sahip olmaları nedeniyle mimaride yaygın değildirler. Bu tezin amacı, tek SDye sahip yeni katlanabilir-plak ağları oluşturmaktır. Bennett tarafından tanımlanan çift küresel 6R ünitesi, tek-SD ve düz-katlanırlık olmak üzere çeşitli özellikleri nedeniyle modül olarak seçilmiştir. Analiz, modülün geometrik ve kinetik özelliklerinin tanımlanmasıyla başlar. Değişkenler ve yapısal parametreler belirlenir. Hem değişkenlere hem de yapısal parametrelere çeşitli değerler verilerek sonuçlar incelenir. Bağlantılar arasındaki açılar ve mesafeler geometrik olarak analiz edilir ve parametrik bir model oluşturulur. Sonraki aşamada, modül simetri işlemleri kullanılarak çoğaltılırken, oluşturulan ağlarda modüllerin elemanları birleştirilerek tek-SD korunur. Tüm olası ağların geometrik ve kinematik özellikleri incelenir ve kısıtlar belirlenir. Malzeme seçimi ve yük taşıma kapasitesinin hesaplanması gibi uygulamaya yönelik koşullar, her uygulama için büyük ölçüde farklılık gösterdiğinden, çalışmanın kapsamına alınmamıştır. Ortaya çıkan ağlar, yatay ve düşey yönlerde hem düz hem de eğrisel açılım, çift eğrilik ve dönüşler dahil olmak üzere geniş bir hareket kapasitesi sunar. Ağlar ayrıca geniş bir form yelpazesi de sunar. Son kısımda, vaka çalışmaları olarak, gelecekteki mimari kullanımlar için bazı ön tasarımlar sunulmaktadır.Doctoral Thesis Design of Transformable Doubly Curved Surface Composed of Scissor Linkage Mechanisms(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2025) Uncu, Müjde; Korkmaz, Koray; Akgün, YenalBu çalışma, başlangıç formundan istenen nihai forma dönüşebilen ve çift eğrilikli yüzeyler tanımlayabilen, çok döngülü makas mekanizmaları elde etmeye odaklanmaktadır. Mevcut literatür incelendiğinde farklı durumlar arasındaki eğrilik dönüşümünü ele alan sınırlı sayıda çalışma ortaya çıkmaktadır. Tek serbestlik derecesine sahip dönüştürülebilir tasarımların çoğu düzlemsel hareketlerle sınırlı iken üç boyutlu formlar ise genellikle düzlemsel makas mekanizmalarının ötelemeli tekrarı yoluyla elde edilebilmektedir. Buna ek olarak, düzlemsel makas mekanizmalarıyla ızgarada düzeninde bir yüzey tanımlayabilen formlar oluşturulduğunda, genellikle birden fazla serbestlik derecesine sahip olmaktadır ve bu da form dönüşümlerinin kontrolünü zorlaştırır. Bu tezde, belirtilen eksikliklerden yola çıkarak, önceden tanımlanmış eğriler arasında dönüşüme olanak tanıyan düzlemsel makas mekanizmaları için yeni bir geometrik tasarım yöntemi sunulmaktadır. Önerilen yaklaşım, farklı kavisli formlar elde edebilen düzlemsel makas mekanizmalarını oluşturmak için dörtgen döngülerden yararlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, belirtilen yöntemden yola çıkarak, önceden tanımlanmış yüzey geometrileri arasında eğriliklerini dinamik olarak değiştirebilen uzaysal makas mekanizmalarını bu konsepte dahil etmektedir. Araştırma, birincil yöntemler olarak simülasyon ve modellemeyi kullanmaktadır. Önerilen modelleri geliştirmek için bilgisayar simülasyonları kullanılırken, geometrik davranışlarını analiz etmek için 3 boyutlu yazdırılmış prototipler üretilmiştir. Bu araçlar, tasarlanan mekanizmaların dönüştürülebilirliğinin ve yapısal performanslarının kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır.Doctoral Thesis Design and Analysis of Deployable Reciprocal Frames(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Özen, Gülçin; Korkmaz, Koray; Korkmaz, KorayA reciprocal frame (RF) is a type of structure used since early times. It consists of mutually supporting bars that can span large distances greater than the length of the bar. Although there are deficiencies in previous studies, there are movable RFs, but we cannot talk about the existence of a 3-dimensional deployable RF network. This study aims to contribute to the missing knowledge for movable RF fans and develop a deployable RF network. The study has conducted a comprehensive literature review to gain knowledge and identify the deficiencies of RFs. There are many studies about RFs, but it has been observed that very limited research has been done on movable RFs, and some geometric properties have not been made yet. Firstly, missing geometric knowledge has been found, which are the positions and orientations of the joints by using Denavit-Hartenberg parameters. Also, the effect of engagement length on the fan height and base edge is analyzed. A reconfigurable demountable RF fan is created with the obtained geometric knowledge. Then, mobility calculations are made, and kinematic diagrams are drawn for zero, single, and multi degrees of freedom (DoF) triangular, quadrilateral, and pentagonal fans. Their motions are investigated, and 3-dimensional (3d) simulations are generated. A two DoF quadrilateral fan with prismatic and revolute joints is produced. Then the possibilities of assembling the two DoF fans are searched to create a deployable RF network. While the network has a single DoF in the direction of vault curvature, it has multi DoF in the thickness direction. The network takes the form of a roll in its most closed state, and it takes the form of a vault in its most open state. The section of the curvature of the deployable network is the same as the Da Vinci bridge. However, while simple joints were used in the Da Vinci Bridge, revolute and prismatic joints are used in the proposed deployable RF network.Doctoral Thesis Altmann Linkage Networks and Light-Shelf Application With a Single Linkage(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Atarer, Fulya; Korkmaz, KorayToday's understanding of architecture has revealed the need for structures that allow geometric form changes due to spatial and functional requirements. For this purpose, deployable structures have taken their place in architecture. These structures provide flexibility and multiple uses. While scissor mechanisms and bar mechanisms have been observed in architectural applications in deployable structures, over-constrained linkages have been used especially in recent studies of deployable structures. Over-constrained linkages make deployable structures more stable to loading. In this dissertation, the possibilities of systematically designing the single degree of freedom (DoF) networks using a kind of spatial overconstrained linkage called Altmann linkage as a basic module. The literature is investigated deeply that the conducted studies on network assemblies have been on different over-constrained linkages as a basic module, such as Sarrus, Bennett, and Bricard. There are few studies related to the Altmann linkage. None of these studies are in-depth studies to design a network based on the Altmann linkage. Also, an architectural application of the Altmann linkage has not been studied yet. This dissertation represents three main subjects: understanding the geometric properties of an Altmann linkage, designing one degree of freedom networks of Altmann linkage, and designing and analyzing an Altmann light shelf. Firstly, the geometry of the unit linkage is parameterized and its position kinematics is solved. Then, ten different single DoF Altmann networks are designed. By choosing one of the ten different networks designed, the network with folded and vault configurations is developed through assembly mode change. Afterward, light shelves are designed in Solidworks. Then, square and rectangular designs are compared in terms of their angles with the building and the west. Finally, daylight performance analyzes are made in the Relux software.Doctoral Thesis Kinematic Design and Analysis of Deployable Vault and Pseudo-Dome Structures Based on Origami Techniques(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Karaveli Kartal, Andree Sonad; Korkmaz, KorayIn recent years a need for more adaptable and flexible structures have been observed due to the changing spatial and functional needs. One of the solutions for an adaptable space in architecture is deployable structures. These kinds of structures provide flexible solutions to the functional and spatial necessities of an environment. There are different kinds of deployable structures such as bar and foldable plate structures, membrane, inflatable, cable/strut etc. This study presents a method of designing a pseudo-dome flat-foldable and deployable plate structure (rigid origami) based on origami patterns that have a polar rotation deployment axis. To achieve this objective, first a method of designing flat-foldable and linearly deployed barrel vault structures have been created by analyzing their geometrical properties. This analysis along with a workspace analysis provided knowledge on the geometrical relations between the cross-sections and deployment parameters. These relations allowed the design of a flat-foldable rigid origami structure based on the geometry of the cross-section using a pattern-generator. The method of using a pattern-generator to create an origami pattern has been modified to achieve a polar rotated deployable pseudo-dome structure. The design method allows the designer to calculate all the relevant parameters to create an origami structure by modifying three parameters for barrel vault foldable structures and two parameters for pseudo-dome structures. The created origami pattern is then transformed to a foldable deployable plate structure with the intended design requirements. The design processes for both design methods have been explained with case studies.Doctoral Thesis A New Design Approach for Planar Retractable Plate Structures Based on Uniform Tessellations(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Gazi Gezgin, Aylin; Korkmaz, KorayDesigns of the retractable plate structures have started to gain importance after the increase in the application of kinetic roofs, facades and surfaces in architecture since last decade of twentieth century. Thus many researchers try to find the most suitable form of the rigid plates by the help of kinematic and numerical analysis in order to fulfil the task of covered enclosure without any interference, gaps or overlaps between the plates. Considering previous works, this study aims to create a method for designers that transform; the predefined rigid plates into retractable plate structures (RPS) without using any complex kinematic or numerical analysis. Throughout the study, shapes of the rigid plates are selected as regular polygons. Tessellation technique is utilized which shows a proper way of covering a plane by using regular polygons. In the light of this aim, the detailed investigation of how regular polygons are combined in a plane is being carried out. Also two general conditions for the assembly of rigid regular polygonal plates are discovered so that tessellation can form RPS without any interference, gaps or overlaps between each other in closed and open configurations. Then two distinct methods are proposed to design the extra link for the RPS that do not satisfy these two conditions to make them totally operational with respect to the design constraints. Additionally, another method is proposed for the shape modification of the plates where the tessellation satisfies the conditions. Furthermore, for the multi degrees of freedom retractable structures, another method is proposed to convert them into single degree of freedom RPS by utilizing graph theory and duality. In the last part of the thesis, degrees of freedom calculations of the proposed retractable structures are considered and a theorem is proposed to prove that their degree of freedom is one. Throughout the thesis simulation and modelling technique is utilized for analysis of retraction and expansion.Doctoral Thesis Novel design methodologies for transfeormable doubly-ruled surface structures(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2015) Maden, Feray; Korkmaz, Koray; Korkmaz, KorayToday architecture seeks for adaptable spaces ever than before to meet the changing functional, spatial or environmental needs. Thus, it necessitates developing adaptive structures that are capable of geometric transformations. For this purpose, a series of kinetic structures has been developed. The most impressive examples of these structures are deployable and transformable bar structures that have the ability to change their shapes from one configuration to another. Although many innovative designs have been proposed for these structures, only a few have been constructed at full-scale due to their complex mechanical systems and limited configurations in which they can carry loads. Moreover, most of the proposed structures are restricted to certain geometric forms such as singly-curved vaults or doubly-curved synclastic domes. Doubly-curved anticlastic structures have been rarely used despite their resistance to loads through their curvatures and ease of constructing their surfaces by ruled surface generation method. The primary objective of this dissertation is to propose novel methodologies to design deployable and transformable doubly-ruled surface structures by using novel structural mechanisms (SMs) which provide morphologically flexible, mechanically simple, structurally effective and architecturally viable solutions. For this purpose, a systematic procedure is developed which comprises geometric design, structural synthesis and structural design phases. First, the geometric properties of the doubly-ruled surfaces are thoroughly analyzed and their morphologies are investigated based on the generated parametric models. Second, novel SMs are constructed by means of structural synthesis in which transformation capabilities of the proposed SMs are discussed in detail. Finally, several case studies are proposed for the architectural applications of those SMs and a set of structural analyses is carried out at different configurations of the proposed structures to discuss their structural behavior under typical loading patterns. “Simulation and modeling” has been used as the main research method in the study which covers all mathematical models and computer simulations.Doctoral Thesis Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis To Reduce Cooling Requirement of Low-Rise Apartment Blocks in the Hot-Humid Climate Region of Turkey(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2012) Yıldız, Yusuf; Korkmaz, KorayCooling demand in apartment buildings is an important problem due to the global warming today. Implementing passive design techniques to reduce cooling requirements cannot be possible in dense cities. Therefore, energy performance of apartment buildings usually depends on uncertainties caused by local climate and design parameters such as window size, zone height, features of materials and so on. The main aims of dissertation are to determine design parameters that have the most impact on the annual cooling energy loads for low-rise apartment blocks in hothumid climatic region of Turkey, and to evaluate uncertainty in annual cooling loads caused by design parameters and global warming. Global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods are performed by using morphology of an existing low-rise apartment block in Izmir, Turkey. The minor aim of thesis is to develop a practical guide to help architects while designing low-rise apartment blocks which have low cooling load located in Izmir. This practical guide was developed by using the results of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses and interviews with architects who have worked on commercial architectural projects in Izmir and are considered to be experts on energy efficiency in buildings. The results show that the sensitivity of evaluated design parameters and annual cooling energy loads in low-rise apartment blocks varies based on the effect of global warming and floors in the apartment block. In addition, total window area, natural ventilation and solar heat gain coefficient of the glazing based on the orientation have the most influence on annual cooling load of low-rise apartment blocks in hot-humid climates. Furthermore, the developed practical guide is feasible and could be used in design process of low-rise apartment blocks targeted low cooling demand in hot-humid climates.Doctoral Thesis An Analytical Study of the Design Potentials in Kinetic Architecture(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2004) Korkmaz, Koray; Arkon, Cemal; Korkmaz, Koray; Arkon, CemalThis dissertation is concerned with the potentials of kinetic structures in architecture; what they are, what they can do for us, and how we can go about designing them. Ultimately, it aims at proving the applicability of kinematic methods in the design process of the adaptable space organizations by carrying out a personal design process of a novel kinetic structure. The course of this dissertation explores the ways in which kinematic synthesis methods contribute to the design processes of kinetic structures and adaptable spaces, which we call kinetic architecture.The idea of motion is not new. However, the concept of motion and its practical reflection appear more in end-products because of the dynamic, flexible, and constantly changing activities and developments in building technology. As a result of the rapid change in activities of modern society and developments in building technology, a need of the adaptable space emerged which was the necessary precondition for the rise of the concept of motion in architecture. This conceptual transformation may be dated to the end of the twentieth century. What marks the approach to the design of this new, late twentieth-century conception of space is 'motion', which will now play an increasingly important role both conceptually and in applications of design. Our capability of utilizing kinetics in architecture today can be extended far beyond what has previously been possible. The present dissertation describes kinematic analysis and synthesis methods used so far in mechanical engineering and explores its direct or in-direct applications into the architectural field.Arguing that the potential of kinetics in architecture remains far from fulfilled, it offers concrete direction and method for innovation. Focusing on responsive spatial adaptability and kinetic structures, it develops a foundation for the application of kinetic structures as a means of enhancing the performance of space. The motivation lies in creating adaptable spaces. There is a need for adaptable spaces and a design method for achieving this by building kinetic structures that can physically convert themselves through kinetics to adapt to the ever-changing requirements and conditions. This thesis proposes the use of kinematic methods in the design process of kinetic structures to create adaptable space organizations. In order to show the applicability of kinematic methods in the design process of the adaptable space organizations, a new type of an architectural umbrella covered by flexible material is developed for covering open-air spaces. Graphical synthesis method is used in the design process and the performance of the architectural umbrella is analyzed with Visual Nastran 4D. This is a CAD program capable of kinematic analysis.Doctoral Thesis A novel transformation model for deployable scissor-hinge structures(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2010) Akgün, Yenal; Korkmaz, KorayPrimary objective of this dissertation is to propose a novel analytical design and implementation framework for deployable scissor-hinge structures which can offer a wide range of form flexibility. When the current research on this subject is investigated, it can be observed that most of the deployable and transformable structures in the literature have predefined open and closed body forms; and transformations occur between these two forms by using one of the various transformation types such as sliding, deploying, and folding. During these transformation processes, although some parts of these structures do move, rotate or slide, the general shape of the structure remains stable. Thus, these examples are insufficient to constitute real form flexibility. To alleviate this deficiency found in the literature, this dissertation proposes a novel transformable scissor-hinge structure which can transform between rectilinear geometries and double curved forms. The key point of this novel structure is the modified scissor-like element (M-SLE). With the development of this element, it becomes possible to transform the geometry of the whole system without changing the span length. In the dissertation, dimensional properties, transformation capabilities, geometric, kinematic and static analysis of this novel element and the whole proposed scissor-hinge structure are thoroughly examined and discussed. During the research, simulation and modeling have been used as the main research methods. The proposed scissor-hinge structure has been developed by preparing computer simulations, producing prototypes and investigating the behavior of the structures in these media by several kinematic and structural analyses.