GCRIS

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2

Conservation Approaches of Patina Formation on Marble and Travertine Surfaces in the Archaeological Sites
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Badur, Fulya; Böke, Hasan; Yalçın, Şerife; Böke, Hasan; Yalçın, Şerife Hanım; 02.01. Department of Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of Architecture
Patina, which is formed on the stone surfaces of historical buildings and monuments as a result of aging, is considered as a value of the building in the conservation of cultural heritage studies. It should be conserved on calcareous stone surfaces whether or not it represents protective characteristics, since it provides information about previous times. Within this respect, the determination of mineralogical composition, and microstructural and chemical characteristics of patina are critical for the conservation decisions. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of yellow patina formation on marble and yellow travertine surfaces to constitute a conservation approach in the archaeological sites. In this study, XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, LIBS and TGA were used to determine the characteristics of yellow patina formation on marble and yellow travertine surfaces in Aizanoi, Aphrodisias, Sardes and Hierapolis. Analysis results indicated that yellow patina is mainly composed of calcium oxalate (whewellite or weddelite) minerals. CaO, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, SO3, FeO and Na2O were observed on the chemical analyses of the same samples. The results of LIBS and SEM-EDX showed that Ca increases, and other elements decrease from surface to the sound inner parts of the stone due to calcium oxalate and gypsum precipitation and clay deposition on the surfaces. The calcium oxalate patina forms a homogeneous film layer on calcite crystals. It is most likely formed by the reaction of calcite and oxalic acid produced by the biological formations on stone surfaces. It is colorless in original. The yellow color may be related with the FeO and clay deposition on the stone surfaces. The outcomes of the study proved the presence of a protective yellow patina formation on yellow travertine surfaces against the weathering effects of water which cannot be distinguished by naked eye. This patina presents same characteristics with the yellow patina on marble surfaces which should be conserved. The results of this study show that the determination of yellow patina is critical to keep irreversible cleaning interventions away from surfaces especially for the monuments that yellow travertine is used as building materials.
Design, Construction and Optimization Studies of a Hydride Generation Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometric System, (hg-Libes), for the Determination of Toxic Elements in Aqueous Samples
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2013) Ünal Yeşiller, Semira; Yalçın, Şerife; Yalçın, Şerife Hanım; 04.01. Department of Chemistry; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
In this thesis study, design, construction and optimization of a continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system, HG-LIBS, for the determination toxic and environmentally important elements: arsenic, selenium, lead, antimony, tin, bismuth, germanium and tellurium, has been performed. The HG-LIBS system, which has been constructed from its commercially available components, consisted of four main parts: a laser source, a hydride generation unit, a sample/plasma cell and a detection unit. In order to maximize LIBS emission signal, some instrumental parameters such as laser energy and detector gating parameters were investigated. Some chemical parameters such as acid/reductant concentration and flow rate, carrier gas type and flow rate, presence of pre-reducing/oxidizing agent that effect hydride generation efficiency and transportation of hydrides were also studied. Under optimized conditions detection limits of 0.2 mg L-1, 1.1 mg L-1, 1.0 mg L-1, 1.3 mg L-1 and 0.2 mg L-1 were obtained for Sn, As, Sb, Pb and Ge, respectively. No analytical signal could be detected from Se and Te elements with the system developed. The applicability of the HG-LIBS system for the determination of As, Sb, Pb and Ge in aqueous environments has been tested on several real water samples including tap water, drinking water and reference river water standard. Temporal variation of electron temperature and electron density values for tin and germanium hydride plasma was determined under argon and nitrogen environment. Electron temperatures were calculated by making use of neutral atomic lines in Boltzmann equation. Plasma electron density was evaluated from the Stark-broadened line shapes of Hα line at 656.3 nm. In order to investigate the main cause of increase in germanium signal under argon environment, physical plasma parameters were evaluated in argon and nitrogen gas mixtures. With this thesis study, the applicability of the HG-LIBS system for on-line monitoring of environmental pollutants has been shown.

Phd Degree / Doktora

Browse

Filters

Settings

Sort By

Results per page

Search Results