Phd Degree / Doktora
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/2869
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Doctoral Thesis Discourse of Publicness in the Discussions of Art Museums Since the 1990s(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Kılıç, Pınar; Çil, ElaThe 1990s was an important scene for art museums. Such that, not only an increase in art museums’ construction numbers began, but also their publicness occurred as an issue in the discourse. From the 1960s and onwards critics including artists and curators had been criticizing art museums’ institutional and operational strategies and they had been demanding a democratized art museum institution that could foster a strong and comprehensive publicness for multiple publics in society. It is interesting that since the 1990s publicness has also demanded by art museum institutions as well. As a result of the foundation of art museums’ publicness as an issue in the discourse, today we are witnessing that discussions on art museums’ publicness are high on the agenda of the art world. This dissertation aims to understand what the publicness of art museums could tell us. By considering this aim, this research is focusing on the questions, why publicness has been an issue in the discourse on art museums since the 1990s, and how and which aspects of publicness have been discussed in relation to art museums since the 1990s in the discourse.Doctoral Thesis Data-Driven Modelling of Daylight Redirecting Fenestration at Variable Directional Resolution(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Grobe, Lars Oliver; Kazanasmaz, Tuğçe; Wittkopf, StephenDaylight Redirecting Fenestration (DRF) aims at the optimal utilisation of daylight in buildings striving for high visual comfort standards. Daylight simulation allows to assess whether this objective is met in architectural context, and guides decisions in building design as well as the development of DRF. The daylight simulation suite Radiance allows to employ data-driven models of variable resolution to accurately replicate the irregular light scattering by DRF. In this context, this research provides methods to improve DRFs’ integration in daylight assessments. The thesis consolidates a series of publications that address particular problems in the generation and application of data-driven models, with a focus on accurate image synthesis for visual comfort assessments. First, the parametrisation of model generation from gonio-photometric measurements is tested. Second, a novel extension of the instrumentation allows to characterise and subsequently model retro-reflection by an innovative coating. Applied in DRF, the coating controls solar gains and glare, while maintaining a view to the outside. Third, to assemble accurate data-driven models of fenestration layers into descriptions of the entire DRF, an approach employing matrix calculations is adapted and tested. Finally, the Photon Map implementation in Radiance is modified for efficient image synthesis with data-driven models, and employed in a simplified but accurate approach to Climate-Based Daylight Modelling that demonstrates the potential of retro-reflection to efficiently control glare and maintain view with static DRF. The research contributes to the applicability of data-driven models, and confirms the potential of DRF to reconcile diverging daylight performance targets such as glare control and view.Doctoral Thesis Analysis of Walkability Measurement Tools (wmts)(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Paykoç, Eda; Akış, TonguçWalking is the most basic act of human which makes all equal and liberates them in the built environment. For defining how walking friendly the area is, walkability is an issue started to be discussed from its several different aspects. Although walkability is studied from several different disciplines, it has neither accurate definition nor definite criteria.Starting from 1990s, walkability has started to be measured with hard-copy walkability measurement tools (WMTs) and followed by web-based walkability measurement tools. In the literature, WMTs are generally used as a tool to measure the walkability level of the selected case. However, there are few studies which tries to understand and examine the background process of these WMTs.The aim of this thesis is to categorize and define the background idea of walkability measurement tools by criticizing their keystones and their main ideas. The mapping, clustering, tabling and analyzing processes are the main devices to develop critical analysis. In tabulation, two specific charts are composed: Comprehensive Data Chart and Content Analysis Chart. Under Comprehensive Data Chart, properties of WMT are defined and categorized. In Content Analysis Chart, each tool’s content of WMTs are compared and criticized. Finally, the thesis developed a critical analysis for defining, comparing and understanding each and every single WMT.Doctoral Thesis Children's Perceptions of Their Urban Outdoor Experiences: the Case of Izmir(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Dikmen Güleryüz, Oylum; Doğan, Fehmi; Kasalı, AltuğResearch in children’s outdoor experiences is a rapidly growing field of investigation together with the increasing interest in the problems associated with rapid urbanization. Although there are studies that document positive and negative consequences of the built environment on children, children’s use of urban environments need to be investigated further in cities with fast urbanization rate where children are at a disadvantage especially given the fact that technology. The aim of this thesis is to understand through the eyes of children the intercorrelated relationship between physical characters of urban environments and the way outdoor environments are used. Therefore, a multi-site field study is conducted in five different urban zones with different physical and demographical characteristics (central, gated community, squatter settlement, mass housing and point-block settlement) in İzmir, Turkey which has high rates of urbanization and population growth. The study follows a mixed-method approach. The participants included 370 fourth grade primary school children and 258 parents. Even though the living environments selected for this dissertation vary in terms of physical qualities and demographic characteristics, 77% of children reported to prefer spend their free time outdoors. However, the study provides evidence to link children’s preferences regarding place and duration of use, and the way they use outdoor environments vary among the urban zones studied. The findings of the dissertation is linked to the growing literature on the subject with the aim to contribute to the improvement of children’s environments in cities, and the related policy-making efforts worldwide.Doctoral Thesis A Model for Assessing Acoustic Comfort in Enclosed Public Spaces(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Çakır, Onurcan; İlal, Mustafa EmreAcoustic comfort is one of the important topics in terms of user satisfaction. In order to determine and control acoustic comfort, measurable parameters are needed to be able to compare and improve soundscapes. Parameters for architectural acoustics, like reverberation time and sound pressure level are widely used for this purpose. Psychoacoustic parameters like loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength are mostly used for determining the sound quality of mechanical sounds. They have also started to be used for evaluating soundscapes of open areas and enclosed spaces. This research aims to find out the relationship between the psychoacoustic parameters and acoustic comfort in non-acoustic enclosed public spaces, specifically in eating establishments. To reach this aim, both on-site measurements and in laboratory listening tests were conducted in five eating establishments. During on-site measurements, a simultaneous questionnaire study was also conducted. Subjective and objective data were comparatively evaluated. Listening tests were based on auralizations with calibrated simulation models. This provided a research model, that allows control over the acoustic environment without having to make real changes in the physical elements of the eating establishments. The auralization sound files were presented to listening test participants with headphones and they evaluated soundscapes with different psychoacoustic properties. The last chapter provides a summary of results and suggestions for future studies. Better acoustic comfort was found to be related with higher sharpness, lower reverberation time, lower loudness and lower roughness values for the examined parameter ranges.Doctoral Thesis An Optimization Model for Luminaire Layout Design in Office Spaces: Optimlum(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Uygun, İlknur; Kazanasmaz, Tuğçe; Kale, SerdarThere are several methods used in lighting design. The realistic methods have been developed by the computer graphics which use the engineering computational tools and architectural rendering together. Although lighting designers would design an accurate lighting system which provides desired illuminance levels through computer graphics, it is still necessary to propose optimal and alternative solutions by maximizing comfort conditions and minimizing energy consumption by practical techniques. Thus, the purpose of this study is to propose an optimization model for offices to estimate the accurate layout, number and type of light sources according to visual comfort conditions and energy efficiency. Model is conducted mathematically based on the primary objective which is to provide uniform illumination on work plane with the constraints about vertical illuminances and luminance values. Model named OptimLUM is validated by comparing measurements and simulations. Finally, OptimLUM offer some energy efficient layouts for different office sizes with different number and type of light sources. To be more energy efficient and decrease the energy loads by artificial lighting, these layouts were integrated with daylight. Unlike common lighting design solutions, OptimLUM offers unsymmeterical but more energy efficient layouts by using minimum number of luminaires. According to outputs of the model integrated with daylight, for artificial lighting design in offices, lighting designers should decide on the number and type of luminaires by comparing the darkest and day usage conditions. As a result, by using OptimLUM during the design phase, designers can provide visual comfort conditions for office users while reducing the energy loads of artificial lighting.Doctoral Thesis Discourse Analysis of City Museums in Turkey Since 2000(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Şenel Fidangenç, Ayşe Nur; Çil, ElaSince 2000, in Turkey 83 city museums are established and nearly 90 new ones are announced to be opened soon. The literature on the city museums in Turkey considers city museum as the establisher of the city identity. In that point archiving the local values, serving as the memory and narrator of history of the city is emphasized. Regarding all these “missions”, the city museums are seen as the “mirror of the city” which reflects/represents the city. The theoretical and methodological lens that this thesis has is discourse analysis, which is a suitable lens to detect the relationships between statements and spatial practices. Hence this dissertation analyzes city museums in Turkey through a tripartite system of discursive parts: the statements of the actors, the buildings and their locations, and the exhibitions. The relation between these three parts deciphers how the certain concepts and themes dominate the discourse of city museums in Turkey. While the interrelation of these parts is important, their relation to the political conjuncture of today and the museological past of Turkey is crucial to discuss how the political practices instrumentalize the city museums. With the overall analysis, this dissertation discusses how the discourse of city museums in Turkey constitutes the knowledge of localness with using the concepts of memory, history and identity through the representative strategy of today’s political discourses.Doctoral Thesis A Model Based on Occupant Movement Analysis for Spatial Layout Evaluation(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Başarır, Lale; İlal, Mustafa EmreComparing architectural designs and measuring level of success is rather difficult. This research suggests that monitoring occupant behavior helps extract objective data that can then be interpreted as a measurement for evaluation of space. Lack of occupant behavior tracking and its understanding in terms of spatial layout problems constitutes the gap that underpins the major motivation for this research. The main concern of this research is to build a platform for acquisition of objective data for spatial layout evaluation and interpretation of acquired data to better understand how space is utilized by occupants. The methodology constructed in this research outlines a process for capturing and analyzing space utilization information. Through this process, assessments based on objective data will be available for spatial layouts. The Trajectory Data Processing Framework (TDPF) is constructed to function as a foundation for building connections and correlations between trajectory analysis and problems associated with spatial layouts. A set of tools for analysis of occupant interaction with layouts called Occupant Layout Interaction Analysis (OLIA) is laid out with computational tools and practices.Doctoral Thesis Postformal Thought and Creativity in Design Process(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Kaya, Nazife Aslı; Çıkış, ŞenizThe aim of this study is to reveal relations between creativity in design and cognitive development levels of designers with a Post-Piagetian approach. In this study design processes were deeply inspected with the aim of obtaining more comprehensive information about the effects of individual’s cognitive status on the design processes, problem-solving and idea generation quality. In this field, studies done so far have been conducted on test results as indicators of creativity. In this study, however, protocol analyses were also evaluated in addition to testing the results, and thanks to this addition, it was possible to determine the qualitative and quantitative effects of the cognitive development levels on creativity. Total twenty-five students voluntarily participated in the research. To collect data, two different methods were employed. Social Paradigm Belief Inventory (SPBI), was employed to determine students' cognitive stages and scores, and Think-aloud protocol, was used to elicit verbal reports of thought sequences of students. In order to analyse verbal reports for investigating designers' cognitive activities, Linkography method was conducted and general statistics of segments were measured. To exposure, the relations between creativity in design and cognitive development levels of designers, SPBI scores and obtained general statistical values of design sessions were correlated and findings showed that there is a strong and significant correlation between cognitive development levels and creativity in favour of dialectical thinking. Addition to this, participants’ partial protocols were analysed syntactically, and the networks were inspected to reveal the impacts of postformal thinking on creative design process with the help of Function-Behaviour-Structure (FBS) Ontology. The findings of the syntactic analysis also supported the finding of the correlations.Doctoral Thesis Kinematic Design and Analysis of Deployable Vault and Pseudo-Dome Structures Based on Origami Techniques(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2017) Karaveli Kartal, Andree Sonad; Korkmaz, KorayIn recent years a need for more adaptable and flexible structures have been observed due to the changing spatial and functional needs. One of the solutions for an adaptable space in architecture is deployable structures. These kinds of structures provide flexible solutions to the functional and spatial necessities of an environment. There are different kinds of deployable structures such as bar and foldable plate structures, membrane, inflatable, cable/strut etc. This study presents a method of designing a pseudo-dome flat-foldable and deployable plate structure (rigid origami) based on origami patterns that have a polar rotation deployment axis. To achieve this objective, first a method of designing flat-foldable and linearly deployed barrel vault structures have been created by analyzing their geometrical properties. This analysis along with a workspace analysis provided knowledge on the geometrical relations between the cross-sections and deployment parameters. These relations allowed the design of a flat-foldable rigid origami structure based on the geometry of the cross-section using a pattern-generator. The method of using a pattern-generator to create an origami pattern has been modified to achieve a polar rotated deployable pseudo-dome structure. The design method allows the designer to calculate all the relevant parameters to create an origami structure by modifying three parameters for barrel vault foldable structures and two parameters for pseudo-dome structures. The created origami pattern is then transformed to a foldable deployable plate structure with the intended design requirements. The design processes for both design methods have been explained with case studies.