Phd Degree / Doktora
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/2869
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Doctoral Thesis Gis Besed Spatial Equity Mapping and Park Provision at Neighborhood Scale: Izmir Case(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Özkan, Sevim Pelin; Şenol, Fatma; Şenol, Fatma; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyDecision making and implementation processes of allocation of neighborhood parks are significant in urban planning. Neighborhood parks contribute to the continuity of biodiversity and improvement of individual/communal physical, social and mental health. Such green public areas in the city are planned under the influence of multi-factors that do not always prioritize these significances and accessibility of these areas for various social groups. As in the case of Izmir City (Turkey), ultimately, there are spatial inequity among neighborhoods in terms of the existence of public green areas. The areas with limited size of neighborhood parks have often high percentages of children, elderly and low-income—that is the social groups that need to get access in walking distance and benefit from these areas. This study conceptualize these areas as ‘park poor’ and the potential user groups as need groups. This study argues that it is possible to develop accessible new green areas in already developed “park-poor” urban areas. Using tools of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and relying on need-based equity approach, this study presents a GIS based procedure to assess the accessibility to existing park areas and to allocate new neighborhood parks at the neighborhood level in “park-poor” areas of Izmir (Turkey). It contributes to the discussions about the spatial equity mapping and accessibility to areas as part of environmental justice issues. Also, arguing that urban green areas are public resources, this study emphasizes that urban planning policies must re-plan neighborhood parks based on the need-based equity that favors accessibility of neighborhood parks primarily by children, elderly, women and low income groups. Moreover, this study differs greatly from earlier studies about its spatial scale of investigation and use of data. This study suggests park provision procedure in park-poor neighborhoods. To develop these at the neighborhood-level, a set of spatial-statistical analyzes are developed using GISs.Doctoral Thesis Rural-Ecological Commons: Case of Pastures in Izmir(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Hazar, Dalya; Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Velibeyoğlu, Koray; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe main research interest of this study is to determine the conflicts on the pastures, which are defined as the rural-ecological commons that are important for biodiversity and ecological sustainability. The study focuses on the transformative impacts of enclosure and commodification processes on the pastures. Pastures are crucial entities especially within the four dimensions, rich biodiversity of flora and fauna, rural development, erosion prevention, and rural traditions. Case study areas are located at three districts of İzmir are examined within the context of the conflicts on the pastures in relation with the recent legal regulations, determination, delimitation and allocation processes, malpractices, climate change and the civil responses. The data gathered from the snowball interviews, in-depth interviews with professionals and village headmen, personal observations, commission reports and media analysis are evaluated by the content analysis to determine the main conflicts to generate the pasture dimensions for the eDPSIR causal network model. DPSIR is a facilitative organization tool, which aims to understand the cause and effect relationships in the environmental and social issues to eliminate the socio-environmental conflicts and to simplify the data transmission for better communication with the decision-makers, which also has a potential to be used during the EIA and SIA report processes. In this study, a pasture dimension set within an eDPSIR causal analysis model is constituted for re-positioning and re-evaluating pastures in the planning and design literatures, and the verification of the data enhanced by the methodological triangulation. The exploratory case study method is the research design strategy of the study. Outcomes of the study reveals the main land use conflicts on the pastures and the triggering drivers, pressures, states, impacts and the recommended responses. The study confirms that the ecological-sensitive planning can be a crucial tool in terms of protecting and improving the pastures.Doctoral Thesis Regional Convergence, Migration and Factor Mobility in Turkey(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2018) Alpaykut Bayrak, Seda Senem; Duran, Hasan Engin; Duran, Hasan Engin; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe vast majority of the regional studies have focused on the evolution of income inequalities across regions. The empirical literature has largely been inspired by Neoclassical Growth Theory which predicts convergence of economies to a unique steady state. In terms of factor mobility, far little attention has been paid to the impact of human mobility. Indeed, few studies have tried to investigate the migration patterns related to regional inequalities. Within these studies, there has been quite a little attempt to examine the impacts of migration sub-components. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the following research questions: Do regional income inequalities tend to increase/decrease in Turkey? Does recent migration reduce income inequalities across regions? How do the components of migration (with respect to age, gender, education) affect regional income distribution? The empirical study covers a period between 2004 and 2014 for 26 NUTS II regions of Turkey. A wide range of statistical tools was applied: Descriptive Statistics, Explorative Analysis, Global and Local Moran I’s tests, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, LSDV Panel Regression, Robust Lagrange Multiplier Tests, Spatial Error and Lag Models. Consequently, regional income inequalities are found to be quite sizable in Turkey. However, income disparities tend to decline and regions tend to converge. Increasing migration is found to reduce regional income disparities. Nearly all migration components tend to affect the income growth negatively with different impact factors. Briefly, the novel contribution of the study is to reveal a converging trend in per capita income growth of regions and different impacts of migration components, recently.Doctoral Thesis Agro Food System Transitions? Exploring Alternative Agro Food Initiatives in Izmir, Turkey(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Karakaya, Emel; Karakaya, Emel; Özatağan, Güldem; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThis dissertation investigates emerging Alternative Agro Food Systems (AAFSs) in Turkey and does so by focusing on three niche initiatives in İzmir. Building on Regime Theory and the Multi-Level Perspective, it views these initiatives as strategic niches and explores their development processes by documenting their socio-technical practices. Thus, this thesis fulfills the understanding of newly emerging alternatives and their transformation in Turkey with regard to their development processes in İzmir. Through exploratory qualitative multiple case study, this dissertation provided a meso-level investigation, documentation of the agro food system and micro-level investigation of Alternative Agro Food Initiatives in Turkey. A micro-level exploration is undertaken by three niche initiatives in İzmir; (a) producer initiated Alternative Agro Food Niche- Gödence Cooperative, (b) consumer initiated Alternative Agro Food Niche- BİTOT and (c) producer-consumer collaborated Alternative Agro Food Niche-Foça Earth Market. Case studies, which are explored in İzmir, have provided a city-level investigation through examination of role of İzmir in the emergence and development of alternative agro food niches. Case studies reveal characteristics and development processes of alternative food initiatives. Gödence revealed a niche that shows a degree of compatibility with the incumbent regime. This compatibility blunted the innovative capacity of the niche due to several structural reasons and path-dependencies. Stabilizing path-dependencies created tendencies which restrain the diffusion of socio-technical practices. On the other hand, BİTOT and Foça Earth Market formed new niches. The creativity, talent to widen voluntarism and existing networks of Buğday Association provides BİTOT a web of volunteers to create, design and apply socio-technical practices. Foça Earth Market’s unique innovation capacity is lying under its artifice to use incumbent regime institutions to create alternative socio-technical practices. The flexibility in the Foça Niche to motivate actors including those from mainstream regime has contributed to the innovative capacity of the initiative.Doctoral Thesis Differences in the Uses and Needs of Neighborhood Parks: a Case Study About Female Park Users in Balçova (izmir, Turkey)(İzmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Kaştaş Uzun, İpek; Şenol, Fatma; Şenol, Fatma; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyNeighborhood parks as important public open green spaces are supposed to provide certain opportunities of improving physical and mental health, socializing with others and developing public expression and identity in neighborhoods. However, on the contrary to ideal definitions of public open green spaces as open and accessible to all groups of the society, in real life this “access” is not guaranteed for all, mainly due to unequal distribution of resources. Especially certain groups of the society experience urban inequalities due to unequal distribution of resources. Women is one those groups who experience urban inequalities. The aim of this thesis is to produce a comprehensive research method that adopts a need-based approach to understand underlying causes of different user groups’ park needs and uses by looking at the different experiences of women in neighborhood parks based on their park perceptions as an example. Therefore, I conducted a case study in the neighborhood parks in Balçova, İzmir, Turkey with "mixed method" as a combination of both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. I realized detailed observations, questionnaires, structured and un-structured interviews with Balçova residents in neighborhood parks and community houses. As a result, this study contributes to the scientific literature with the produced comprehensive research method, park improvement suggestions that consider the differences in the needs and uses of neighborhood parks and a raised awareness regarding the park needs of women, especially the ones who are bound to neighborhood space with limited social and leisure activity opportunities.Doctoral Thesis The Use of Nonextensive Framework in Connection With Traffic Flow(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2015) Koşun, Çağlar; Çelik, Hüseyin Murat; Özdemir, Serhan; Özdemir, Serhan; Çelik, Hüseyin Murat; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 03.10. Department of Mechanical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology; 02. Faculty of ArchitectureIn the analysis of vehicular traffic flow, numerous techniques are utilized in the literature. In this thesis, distinct from the literature, to reveal the complexity of the traffic flow and its connection with the urban and traffic factors, nonextensive thermostatistics is implemented. In real systems, e.g. vehicular traffic flow, the probability distributions would become q-Gaussian and thus the use of nonextensive thermostatistics would be relevant. This approach allows a statistical interpretation to handle the given traffic flow problem. In this thesis, highway traffic flow modeling is in question in the nonextensive framework and two case studies are presented. First is related with lane changing and driver behavior, and the other is related with the superstatistics and traffic flow. In the first case study, scenario-based vehicular interactions are examined and driver behaviors are extracted by virtue of given entropy approaches. Given the configurations, Tsallis entropy approach characterizes safe driving behavior, whereas Boltzmann-Gibbs one describes unsafe driving. In the second case, vehicle speeds on the selected highway are analyzed through superstatistics theory. Two distinct q values are computed as 1.3 and 1.8 out of q-Gaussian and beta parameter distributions, respectively. The q value of 1.3 represents the highway segment with a certain flow, while the q value of 1.8 specifies the history of the traffic flow. As a result, it is revealed that the real vehicular traffic flow would involve the nonadditivity, which mainly stems from vehicular interactions as well as the urban and traffic planning decisions.Doctoral Thesis Evaluation of Creative Industry Clusters Through the Ecosystem Approach: Investigation of Weedding Wear Sector in Izmir(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2015) Mengi, Onur; Velibeyoğlu, Koray; Velibeyoğlu, Koray; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe emergence of new economy has brought the creative industries onto the urban research agenda. Despite the extensive literature on the subject, there is need of a more in-depth approach to investigation the unique formations of creative industry clusters. The aim of this dissertation is to explore the particular organizational and spatial structures of creative industry clusters from the ecosystem perspective. This present study recognizes the fashion industry as a creative industry and the wedding wear sector as its subset. Then, it investigates how the cluster of wedding wear sector operates as an ecosystem in terms of the diversity, interaction, competition and evolution in the case of Mimar Kemalettin Fashion District. The methodology consists of the literature review, preliminary field studies, development of the DICE model which explores the diversity, interaction, competition and evolution of ecosystems in a particular space, pilot study for testing the model, data collection via site visits, DICE survey and additional interviews on site, data processing through descriptive analyses and regression analyses, and conclusions. The findings reveal that the existing cluster is young and emerging. This ecosystem currently self-operates with shortage of diversity in a concentrated spatial structure. The role of geographical proximity and the existing local buzz are substantial on excessive internal interactions. The existing competitive atmosphere is portrayed as a win-lose situation and there is a considerable disinterest towards to collaborations. For evolution, the ecosystem mutually co-evolve with mutation occurred inside the firms. Also, the crossover is found primarily a localized phenomenon.Doctoral Thesis Public City, Private Interest: Facing the Conflict of Power and Ownership in the Field of Planning Practices in Izmir(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2014) Avar, Adile; Avar, Adile; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThis thesis investigates exertion of power in planning processes with special attention to private ownership of urban land and conflict resulting from its negative impacts on urban commons. Research questions and confronts procedural claims of communicative planning ideology by focusing on actual planning practices. Communicative planning ideology is criticized for its universal, idealist and context free prescriptions. Research argues that actions in planning process involve both formal and conventional communicative mechanisms as well as informal, insidious and dubious practices. When private interests based on real estate ownership are concerned actors, their motives, and actions change significantly. Case study focuses on the case of a vacant urban land in the Central Business District of city of İzmir which was once a public property. What makes this land plot unique and interesting to study is that although several plan modifications, two protocols, and two competitions were put into implementation to transform the area into a commercial setting, all these attempts have ended in a spectacular failure. The main narrative of this thesis tells about this process and its failure by focusing on the planning processes. While doing this thesis also provides a criticism of planning theories. It is found that rather than theoretically prescribed forms of communication, strategic and tactical mechanisms of power relations dominate planning processes. It is believed that powerful groups realize their ends by trying all sorts of wiles. This research also aims at identifying these wiles. Findings revealed that there are other actions so influential on both substantive and procedural dimensions of city planning, but they are not acknowledged or simply downplayed by theory. Without a coherent understanding of actual planning practices, establishing and maintaining an effective planning system will have certain drawbacks. This research aims at contributing to efforts for improving spatial planning system in Turkey which is being distorted by rapid privatization and normalized plan modifications by exploring actual planning practices.Doctoral Thesis Conflicts in the Planning Processes of Locally Unwanted Land Uses (lulus): Case Studies in Izmir(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2014) Atay Kaya, İlgi; Kaya Erol, Nursen; Kaya Erol, Nursen; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyLand use planning is both a technical and a political process in which many different groups with multiple interests are affected by planning decisions. While every land use planning decision has a potential of creating conflicts, Locally Unwanted Land Uses (LULUs) are the most conflict facing subjects in urban land use planning because of their negative externalities such as health effects, economic costs and harms to environment. This thesis aims to find out the reasons of and solutions for the conflicts in the planning processes of LULUs. The thesis focuses on conflicts about three LULU types including solid waste facilities, fisheries and quarries in zmir, Turkey. Qualitative research design is used with techniques including document analyses, media search and in-depth interviews. In the case studies, the conflicts are analyzed with a proposed analysis method including issues for understanding and resolving conflicts. These issues are used to discuss characteristics and reasons of conflicts and existing and proposed conflict resolution methods. It is found that the reasons of conflicts are not only the negative effects of LULUs such as odor, pollution and noise but also procedural deficiencies such as lack of knowledge and lack of trust. The findings in case studies supported the theoretical works concerning limitations for the success of participatory processes seeking for consensus. Conflict resolution attempts including symbolic benefits rather than considering exact interests of local people should be rethought.Doctoral Thesis Application of Exergy Analysis Method To Energy Efficient Building Block Design(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2014) Saygın, Nicel; Saygın, Nicel; Saygın, Nicel; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThis dissertation introduces the exergy analysis method into urban planning field in order to find out the amount of energy that can be conserved in a building block when energy efficient design is applied. Two hypotheses are developed here: 1. Exergy analysis is a suitable tool for the built environment, and 2. Energy efficient design parameters provide energy saving in the built environment. A case study approach is undertaken in order to test the hypotheses stated above. To do this, first, the energy efficient design parameters have been derived from the literature and design alternatives are developed accordingly; second, data has been gathered from the case area for the exergy calculations; third, exergy analysis of existing building blocks and proposed design alternatives are carried out, and finally, the amount of decrease in the exergy loss due to energy efficient design is found out. The findings in this study show that the exergy efficiency of the existing building blocks is nearly 2 %, while the proposed design alternatives are nearly 10-11 %. The overall exergy loads of the alternative plans are found as 166.3W, 225.1W, 142.5W, 137.8W and 184.8W respectively for winter and 105.4W, 140.0W, 89.9W, 86.3W and 125.3W respectively for summer on a housing unit basis. These results are much better when compared to the existing situation per housing unit which is 1079W (winter) and 1173W (summer). The best alternative energy efficient planning and design brings 1631 W (winter) and 2810W (summer) of exergy saving that corresponds to 799 TL/year and 978 kg/year reduction in CO2 greenhouse gases emission per housing unit. This data shows that the expected results and are in harmony with the literature. As a result, the suitability and importance of the exergy analysis on the built environment is proved by revealing the energy conservation and sustainable use of energy through using energy efficient design parameters.