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Physiologic Effects of the Golden Thistle (scolymus Hispanicus L.) Hydromethanolic Extracts: Outcomes of Phytochemical Health Benefits
(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Güleç, Şükrü; Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz; Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz; Güleç, Şükrü; Büyükkileci, Ali Oğuz; 03.08. Department of Food Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
This dissertation aimed to screen the beneficial health effects of a hydromethanolic extract (GTE) obtained from the golden thistle (S. hispanicus L.) on different health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, inflammation, cancer, and wound healing. First, 1 mg/mL GTE resulted in 6.94% chlorogenic acid (CGA) bioavailability with (1.82±0.07)x10-6 cm/s apparent permeability on differentiated CaCo-2 cells. Then, 1 mg/mL GTE prompted 39.4-42.6% less glucose efflux and 49-66% less GLUT2 mRNA expressions on CaCo-2 cells. In the systemic inflammation model, pre-treatments of 50-500 μg/mL GTE reduced some inflammatory markers after 0.5 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation induction for 12 h on RAW 264.7 cells. Reductions in 30-53%, 32-45% and 16-36% ranges for nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined, respectively. Additionally, same GTE concentrations were pre-treated with the CaCo-2 cells in the colonic inflammation model. 15.5-19.5% and 8.7-17.3% less IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine releases were detected from CaCo-2 cells, respectively. The wound healing model of 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblasts revealed that 40-80 μg/mL root bark extract resulted in enhanced wound closures with significant differences in the cell cycle distributions. As the most significant result, G2 phase distributions were 1.8% and 12.5% in the negative and positive control samples, respectively. The root bark extract treatments of 10, 40, and 80 μg/mL resulted in 6.6%, 7.1%, and 9.1% in increasing concentrations. Finally, 4 mg/mL GTE application to CaCo-2 human adenocarcinoma cells caused 78.4% reduced cell viability, a cell cycle arrest, and increased early and late apoptotic properties. Overall results suggest that S. hispanicus L. has functional molecules that influence cellular regulations and have potential beneficial health effects.
Molecular Investigation of Pathogenic Bacteria in the Presence of Phenolic Acids
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2019) Özdemir, Özgün Öykü; Soyer, Ferda; Soyer, Ferda; 04.03. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; 04. Faculty of Science; 01. Izmir Institute of Technology
Pathogenic bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, are serious threats for human health with their antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. Since phenolic acids, secondary metabolites of plants, can be good candidates as antimicrobial agents, their mode of action should be investigated. Proteomics is one of the main approaches for elucidating the mode of action of such compounds. In addition, in order to enhance the antimicrobial effects and stabilities of phenolics, they can be encapsulated into nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be produced from chitosan and alginate which are biocompatible polymers. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of 3-HPAA and 4-HBA were presented with MIC values of 2.1 and 1.9 mg/ml, respectively. The bacteriocidal effects of them were also shown as 2.3 mg/ml for 3-HPAA and 2.1 mg/ml for 4-HBA. The morphological changes of bacteria were determined after phenolic acid exposure via SEM. The LC-ESI-MS/MS technique was used to show changes in the protein profile of bacteria arose from antimicrobial effects. Both phenolic exposures resulted in various protein changes especially in membrane-related proteins as well as ribosome and protein synthesis related-proteins. In addition, they caused serious oxidative stress depending on the protein profile changes related to redox proteins. Alginate-chitosan nanoparticles resulted increased antimicrobial effects of the phenolics which were produced, characterized and tested on various pathogenic bacteria via agar diffussion and spectrophotometric measurements. Hence, free or encapsulated forms of phenolic acids were demonstrated as effective antimicrobial agents and based on proteomic results, the effect of phenolic acids may be multi targetted.

Phd Degree / Doktora

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