GCRIS

This dissertation aimed to screen the beneficial health effects of a hydromethanolic extract (GTE) obtained from the golden thistle (S. hispanicus L.) on different health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, inflammation, cancer, and wound healing. First, 1 mg/mL GTE resulted in 6.94% chlorogenic acid (CGA) bioavailability with (1.82±0.07)x10-6 cm/s apparent permeability on differentiated CaCo-2 cells. Then, 1 mg/mL GTE prompted 39.4-42.6% less glucose efflux and 49-66% less GLUT2 mRNA expressions on CaCo-2 cells. In the systemic inflammation model, pre-treatments of 50-500 μg/mL GTE reduced some inflammatory markers after 0.5 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation induction for 12 h on RAW 264.7 cells. Reductions in 30-53%, 32-45% and 16-36% ranges for nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined, respectively. Additionally, same GTE concentrations were pre-treated with the CaCo-2 cells in the colonic inflammation model. 15.5-19.5% and 8.7-17.3% less IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine releases were detected from CaCo-2 cells, respectively. The wound healing model of 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblasts revealed that 40-80 μg/mL root bark extract resulted in enhanced wound closures with significant differences in the cell cycle distributions. As the most significant result, G2 phase distributions were 1.8% and 12.5% in the negative and positive control samples, respectively. The root bark extract treatments of 10, 40, and 80 μg/mL resulted in 6.6%, 7.1%, and 9.1% in increasing concentrations. Finally, 4 mg/mL GTE application to CaCo-2 human adenocarcinoma cells caused 78.4% reduced cell viability, a cell cycle arrest, and increased early and late apoptotic properties. Overall results suggest that S. hispanicus L. has functional molecules that influence cellular regulations and have potential beneficial health effects.

Phd Degree / Doktora

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