Phd Degree / Doktora
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/2869
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Doctoral Thesis The design and optimization of multiscale hybrid nanocomposite structures for vibration and buckling behavior(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2024) Ayakdaş, Ozan; Artem, Hatice Seçil; Aydın, LeventBu tezde, otomotiv, havacılık ve uzay sanayi gibi endüstrilerde yaygın olan geleneksel sentetik karbon ve cam elyaf takviyeli kompozit yapılara alternatif olarak çok fazlı hibrit doğal fiber takviyeli nanokompozit yapılar sunulmaktadır. Alternatif tasarımların kritik burkulma yükünü, doğal frekansını ve yapısal güvenlik faktörünü maksimize etmek için Differential Evolution, Simulated Annealing, ve Nelder-Mead stokastik optimizasyon yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Fiber hacim oranı, fiber oryantasyon açısı ve her tabakadaki Karbon Nanotüplerin (CNT) veya Grafen Plaketlerin (GPL) hacim içeriği eş zamanlı olarak tasarım değişkenleri olarak kullanılmıştır. CNT veya GPL ile güçlendirilmiş matrislerin etkili malzeme özellikleri, nanodolgu maddelerinin kümelenme etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak Modifiye Halpin-Tsai denklemleri ve karışım kuralı kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Çok fazlı ara hibrit fiber tabakalı nanokompozit yapıların vibrasyon, burkulma ve hasar analizleri, hem analitik yöntemler (Navier çözümü ile Birinci Derece Kayma Deformasyon Teorisi (FSDT) ve Klasik Laminasyon Teorisi (CLT)) hem de Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu (FEM) kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Maksimum mekanik özellik ve minimum ağırlık ve maliyet için çok amaçlı optimizasyon problemleri, geleneksel kompozit yapılara çevre dostu, hafif ve düşük maliyetli alternatifler önerebilmek amacıyla Ceza Fonksiyonu yaklaşımı kullanılarak stratejik bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, otomotiv endüstrisinde potansiyel gelecekteki uygulamalar için optimum nanokompozit tahrik mili tasarımları, kalınlık boyunca kümelenme etkileri dahil olmak üzere eşit olmayan şekilde dağılmış fiber ve CNT dağılımına sahip hibrit Karbon/Keten/CNT takviyeli yapılarla önerilmiştir. Genel sonuçlar, doğal fiberlerin GPL veya CNT ile optimize edilmesinin, mühendislik yapılarında sadece çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından değil, aynı zamanda ağırlık, maliyet, frekans ve burkulma özelliklerine dayalı kompozit malzeme tasarımının performansı açısından da avantajlar sağladığını göstermiştir.Doctoral Thesis Biological Nano Silica Reinforced Polymeric Composites(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022) Ülker, Sevkan; Güden, MustafaThe present thesis study focused on processing nano-silica powders of varying sizes and crystallinities through heat treatment (900–1200 °C), hydrofluoric acid leaching (1–7 N), and ball milling (1 h, 500 rpm) of natural diatom frustules. As-received frustules was composed of amorphous silica (88%) and quartz. The partially ordered crystalline low-quartz and/or precursor to low-cristobalite started to form at ~900 °C. As the heat treatment temperature increased, the crystallinity of the frustules increased from 9.3% at 25 °C to 46% at 1200 °C. Applying a ball milling reduced the mean particle sizes of the as-received and heat-treated frustules from 15.6–13.7 μm to 7.2-6.7 μm, respectively. Acid leaching of the as-received and heat-treated frustules resulted in a further increase in the crystallinity. Furthermore, ball milling applied after an acid leaching was very effective in reducing the particle size of the as-received and heat-treated frustules. The mean particle size of the acid-leached frustules decreased to 774-547 nm with a crystallinity varying between 12 and 48% after ball milling. A partially dissolved amorphous phase was observed in between crystalline silica grains after acid leaching, which resulted in a rapid fracture/separation of the frustules in ball milling. The prepared nano-silica powders were further used as a filler in an epoxy matrix. The tensile strength, fracture strain, and modulus of epoxy increased with increasing the volume percent of nano-silica up to 2%. The increase in the yield strength and elastic modulus was about 50% and 30% with the addition of 2 vol% frustules, respectively. The rule of mixtures showed a very good agreement with the experimental elastic modulus values and a numerical model of the tensile test in LS-DYNA agreed well with the experimental tensile stress-strain behavior. The microscopic observations showed the presence of nano-silica powder, proving an efficient load transfer from matrix to powders on the fracture surfaces, confirming a strong interface between silica powders and matrix.Doctoral Thesis Enhancement of Thermal, Electrical and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Filled Polymer Matrix Nano Composites(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Özmıhçı, Filiz; Balköse, DevrimThe purpose of this study is to enhance the electrical, thermal and optical properties of polyethylene and polypropylene by the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) filler.Embedding ZnO in a polymeric matrix could make an economic, weight saving, chemically resistive, optical, flexible and conductive materials which possesses the properties of zinc oxide.Composites with higher electrical and thermal conductivity having luminescence properties were prepared using commercial and hydrothermally synthesized ZnO powders with different particle size and conductivity. Effect of ZnO loading and surface treatment on composite properties was investigated. Luminescence effects in green and blue regions were detected in all powders due to the defects on the structure of ZnO.The powders were found to be moderately conductive materials, as well. Un-homogenously dispersed composites were prepared using rheomixer since especially nano powders tended to be agglomerated in the composite. On the other hand, different surface properties of powder and polymer caused adhesion and wetting problems. Microvoids were detected in the interphase, as well.Composites can be used as an electrostatic dissipation and moderate electrical conductive applications in the field of electrical conductivity, as a heat sink in the field of thermal conductivity and as a solid state lamp due to luminescence properties. Stiffness of the composites was very high compared to neat polymer and can be properly used as an engineering material.Doctoral Thesis Use of Bio-Nano Composites as Protective Coating on Natural Stone Surfaces(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2013) Ocak, Yılmaz; Sofuoğlu, AysunHistorical monuments are important heritages to pass cultural values to next generations. Most of the historical monuments were composed of natural stones like marble. SO2 and NOx reacts with marble composed primarily of calcite (CaCO3) is a dry deposition process, gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and nitrocalcite (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) are formed after reaction. The polylactic acid (PLA), 2, 5 and 7 wt.% montmorillonite (MMT) clay added PLA (PLA/MMT2, PLA/MMT5 and PLA/MMT7) bio-nano composites coated and uncoated surfaces were tested for capillary water absorption, water vapor permeability, color alteration, and surface hydrophobicity regarding the nanofiller concentrations before reaction. Results indicated that the bio-nano composite coatings didn’t alter the color of the marble, improved the hydrophobicity and barrier properties of the marbles. The level of layered silicate delamination in the PLA matrix and structural characterizations of PLA nanocomposite coatings were affected the barrier properties of the composites coatings. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis pointed out that 5% layered silicates were homogenously dispersed in the polymer matrix, exfoliated structures also were observed in some parts of the polymer matrix and nano particles enhanced the nano-composite coating barrier performance. The protection capabilities of the bio-nano composite coatings were studied in laboratory setup (include nearly 8 ppm SO2) and ambient city atmosphere (include nearly 8 ppb SO2 and 64 ppb NO2). The PLAMMT5 bio-nano composite showed significant reduction (~5 times) in the crust formation after 180 days SO2-calcite reaction in laboratory and 9-10 times after 20 months ambient city exposures for outdoor conditions. Bio-nano composites also decreased the kinetic parameters such as rate constant (ks) and effective diffusivity (De) values of the marbles. These results indicated that PLA/MMT bio-nano composite coating seems to be significant promising materials as protective coating agents in reducing the effects of atmospheric pollutants on the marble surfaces.