Phd Degree / Doktora

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Minor Components of Olive Oils as Indicators for the Authenticity of Virgin Olive Oils
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021) Uncu, Oğuz; Özen, Fatma Banu
Adulteration of olive oil is a major problem of olive oil industry and may result in health problems as well as unfair earnings. Especially after the update in EU regulations about the labelling of olive oils, a need is arisen to detect the mixtures of old and fresh olive oils. Improvements in detection methods could fall behind of the inventiveness of the fraudsters. Detecting and preventing adulteration could be a challenging task; therefore, new methods and solutions are always in demand to solve this problem. First purpose of this theses is to characterize Aegean region olive oils with respect to their quality parameters such as fatty acid alkyl esters, diacylglycerols, and pigment compositions and to investigate differentiation power of these parameters on harvest year and geographical origin in comparison with spectroscopic methods. It is also aimed to predict these quality parameters by the fast and environmentally friendly ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopic techniques in combination with multivariate statistical methods. Finally, the applicability of spectroscopic methods (UV-vis, mid-IR, fluorescent) to detect adulteration of fresh olive oil with old olive oil is investigated. Olive oils were successfully differentiated with respect to geographical location by spectroscopic methods, fatty acid alkyl esters and pigments. In general, prediction of investigated chemical parameters was achieved robustly with mid-IR spectral data except pigments which were estimated better with UV-vis spectral data. Fluorescence and mid-IR + UV-vis spectroscopies were successful in detecting old olive oils in fresh olive oils.
Effect of Harvest Time, Malaxation Tempetature and Olive Variety on the Chemical Characteristics of Olive Oils
(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) Jolayemi, Olusola Samuel; Tokatlı, Figen; Özen, Fatma Banu
Changes in chemical and quality characteristics of olive oils were evaluated with respect to pre and post-harvest factors such as: olive type, harvest time, malaxation temperature, and storage at room temperature. Additionally, discriminative and predictive capacities of UV-vis, near infrared (NIR), mid infrared (MIR) spectra and electronic nose data on olive oils by using multivariate statistical tools were studied. Varietal and harvest time differences were the most significant factors influencing the quality and chemical properties of Ayvalik and Memecik olive oils. Malaxation temperature was significant on a number of phenolic compounds such as tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and pinoresinol, and peroxide value. Olive oils of early and mid-harvest were higher in phenolic alcohols, and pigments content, whereas peroxide values, linoleic and stearic acids characterized late harvest oils. Storage for 15 months at room temperature in dark facilitated evolution of some important phenols, while increasing the content of ethyl and methyl esters at varying degrees among varieties. There were no significant changes in fatty acids and acidity contents of the oils. However, total phenol content and oxidative stability declined and a significant depletion of colors and pigments contents occurred. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that lipid-based variables are the most consistent contributors (positive or negative) to olive oil oxidative stability. UV-vis, MIR, NIR spectroscopies and e-nose data were excellent varietal and harvest season discriminating tools. Pigments were well predicted by UV-vis, while MIR performs better in the prediction of fatty acids, alkyl esters, oxidative stability and free fatty acid.

Phd Degree / Doktora

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