Phd Degree / Doktora
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/2869
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Doctoral Thesis Critique of Legislation by Scientific-Technical Criteria: Toward Classification of Cultural Properties in Turkey(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2007) Marmasan, Önder; İpekoğlu, BaşakThe subject of the study is the contemporary conservation of immovable cultural properties. Eminent charters and conventions from the issue of Venice Charter to the present which show technical and legal quality were examined to determine the changes in time. As the study area physically limited with Turkey, immovable cultural properties that were conserved, investigated at Turkish legal texts and acts in force. Aim of the study is to investigate a systematic approach to fix the immovable cultural properties that show some kind of characteristics and applicable within the conditions and potentials of the country. Samples of immovable cultural properties were selected by examination of local geographical magazines, folkloric researches, experiences and official correspondence in addition to identifications at legal texts. During the study (i) some of the administrative institutions. awareness about the troubles of fixing immovable cultural properties (ii) essence of a systematic way defining immovable cultural properties (iii) presence of considerable number of folkloric research resources that show the relation between traditions and physical environment (iv) conflicts at fixation and registration decisions about identical immovable properties and absence of conservation policy that depends on technical and legal basis (v) absence of a national inventory of immovable cultural properties although there is an insufficient unofficial efforts (vi) a new legal attempt to reorganize the administrative institutions were all observed. The study defined a framework for classification of immovable properties that were left out the official conservation process and generally located at the fringes of settlements or at rural. In this context criteria for classification determined and listed for making investigation of inclusion class for each immovable property. Finally recommendations for reorganization of conservation institutions proposed.Doctoral Thesis A Comparative Study on the Works of German Expatriate Architects in Their Home-Land and in Turkey During the Period of 1927-1950(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2007) Pöğün Zander, Yüksel; Erkarslan, ÖzlemThis thesis studies the professional activities of the German architects in the first half of the 20th Century who have worked as expatriate architects in the newly founded Turkish Republic before and after their arrival in Turkey. The aim of the thesis is to elucidate the effects and interactions of environmental and personal factors which impacted the architectural approaches of the German architects in the Turkish context. Due to the extensive emigration movement from Germany caused by the National Socialist Government after 1933, Mid-European Modern Architecture has detached from its original context and spread throughout the world. The relocation of experienced architects to a new geographical setting, in this case the newly founded Turkish Republic, has provided means for novel experiences and applications. How these architects diversified and progressed under the prevailing multidimensional conditions have been discussed in the light of the unique opportunities and restrictions specific to the Turkish context. The first chapter of the thesis is introductory; the second chapter depicts the architectural milieu in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century and the activities of the German architects who have later come to Turkey. The third and fourth chapters investigate the professional careers of the German architects with emphasis given to the evolution observed in their architectural approaches specifically in the reformist attitudes they introduced to education, and in their architectural designs for the Turkish context. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. Keywords: Exile German Architects, Architecture in Turkey in the Early Republican Period, Bruno Taut, Paul Bonatz, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Hans Poelzig, Wilhelm Schütte, Martin Elsaesser, Robert VorhölzerDoctoral Thesis An Evaluation Methodology for Assessing Artificial Lighting Quality in Architecture: the Case of Apikam(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2007) Kutlu, Hilmi Gökhan; Günaydın, Hüsnü MuratThe aim of this dissertation is to design a qualitative evaluation methodology for artificial lighting. There is a problem in the general characteristics of lighting industry, deriving from its technical vocabulary which is mainly based on quantitative parameters, values, and systems which in some ways are neglecting the main ingredient of architecture: the user. The evaluation methodology that is subject of this dissertation was considered as a qualitative approach to lighting quality. The study benefited from the knowledge of environmental psychology, concerning the effect of lighting on behaviors and tried to integrate it to the process of assessing lighting quality. The methodology depends on data collection by various means such as surveys, measurements, and computer simulations. To test the qualitative evaluation methodology, a case study was designed in the exhibition hall of the Ahmet Piritina City Archive and Museum (APIKAM) in zmir. The evaluation methodology was successfully operated and made a detailed evaluation possible on the two lighting systems in the exhibition hall of APIKAM. Both lighting systems failed in functional aspects, because of the high intensity of light they produce, the emission of UV and IR wavelengths, and glare problems. They are simply not appropriate for the selected environment, where organic . based materials are exhibited. Recessed fluorescent lighting system failed in physiological aspects as it triggers less arousal than halogen spotlighting system. Both lighting systems have failed in attention scale under psychological aspects, because none of them supply continuity in the order of visual clues that match with the sequential order of the exhibition. For aesthetic and environmental judgments, the results of the survey showed that halogen lighting system was the preferred one by the subjects. For the sub-part of feelings, recessed fluorescent lighting systems failed, because it influenced generally negative feelings, while positive feelings are generally influenced by halogen spotlighting system.Doctoral Thesis Analysis of the Interaction Between Theory and Practice in Urban Planning: Understanding Izmir Experience(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2002) Kaya, Nursen; Özdemir, Semahat; Kaya Erol, Nursen; Özdemir, SemahatUrban planning, as one of the factors in shaping the urban structure, aims to help to increase the quality of life both through making the necessary spatial arrangements and through development of the urban policies. However the interventions brought through this field of study and action have always been under discussion in terms of the or success of this intervention. Accordingly one of the most ongoing discussions in planning literature covers the issues related to the theory and practice interaction with the aim to see the accordance or disaccordance between planned action and the real world of action and to help to clarify the need or success of this intervention. This thesis study is carried out with the aim to understand the interaction between theory and practice in urban planning. It aims to analyze whether the theory of planning guides to the practice of planning and whether the practice of planning shapes the urban structure. In other words it attempts to clarify the role of theory on practice of planning and the impacts of planning practice on urban structure. This study is formed of two main parts as the theoretical frame and the case study. In the first part the study presented the framework of planning theory and a short review of major theoretical approaches stated in planning literature. In the second part the study presented planning experiences of the city of İzmir through carrying out an analysis of planning practices in terms of theoretical background and implementation of planning decisions. The research method followed for carrying out of the study is mainly based on literature search, İzmir Metropolitan Municipality archives search, Yeni Asır newspaper search and on-site observations. This study found out that planning practices of İzmir had been generally guided by various theoretical approaches and these practices had performed many impacts on urban structure of İzmir. However it can not be claimed that the practice had been successfully guided by the theory or the practice had been successful to shape urban structure. Keywords: Planning Theory, Planning Practice, Theoretical Approaches, Planning in Turkey, Planning in İzmir, Urban Structure of İzmir, Prost, Danger, Le Corbusier, Aru, Bodmer.Doctoral Thesis Effect of Colloidal Interactions in the Forming of Lead Magnesium Niobate Ceramics(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2007) Deliormanlı, Aylin Müyesser; Polat, MehmetElectrokinetic properties of lead magnesium niobate (PMN) powders in liquid medium are investigated in this thesis. Isoelectric point of aqueous PMN suspensions was determined as a function of solids concentration. Dissolution character of both Pb+2 and Mg+2 cations in PMN structure were examined as a function of pH. Poly(acrylic acid)-poly(ethylene) oxide PAA/PEO comb polymers were tested as the novel dispersant in this system and their effect on the stability and flow behavior of aqueous PMN suspensions was investigated. Stability and flow behavior were mainly studied by rheological measurements and sedimentation experiments as a function of pH and polyelectrolyte concentration. Adsorption of comb polymers onto PMN surface and their effect on the powder dissolution were also investigated. Results indicated that the PAA/PEO comb polymers impart stability to PMN suspensions over a wide pH range and ionic strength where pure PAA fails. In the course of this study PMN powders were consolidated using two different wet shaping methods. First, PMN films were produced using aqueous tape casting method which is widely used in the manufacture of multilayer ceramic capacitors. Secondly, three-dimensional PMN lattices were produced using robocasting method. In the former case, the goal was to provide alternative recipes for the aqueous tape casting process to be utilized in industrial applications since the current technology is based on the organic solvent based techniques. Results showed that it was possible to produce high quality PMN films with thicknesses in the range of 10 to 250 .m using aqueous based tape casting process. In the latter case, the results showed that robocasting is a suitable technique for the preparation of three dimensional PMN ceramics. Based on these results overall conclusion and the contribution of this study can be summarized as follows: The work carried out gives new insights into the manufacturing of PMN based ceramics using aqueous based techniques. Such improvements may bring benefits in the manufacturing of smaller electronic components employed in the personal computers and mobile phones and other consumer products in the near future.Doctoral Thesis Development of Multi and Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes (cnts) / Vinylester Nanocomposites(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2008) Seyhan, Abdullah Tuğrul; Tanoğlu, MetinThis study focuses on development and characterization of thermosetting resin based nanocomposites containing multi and double walled carbon nanotubes with and without amine functional groups (MWCNT, DWCNTs, MWCNT-NH2 and DWCNTNH2).A novel 3-roll milling technique was conducted to prepare the resin suspensions with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Rheological measurements performed on the resin suspensions showed that addition of very low contents (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 wt. %) of MWCNTs and MWCNT-NH2 affected the flow characteristic of the resin, significantly.Further, the curing behavior of a vinylester-polyester hybrid resin suspensions containing 0.3 wt % of MWCNTs and MWCNT-NH2 was intensively studied. It was found that regardless of amine groups, presence of CNTs affected the polymerization of the hybrid matrix resin. Final individual fractional conversion rates of styrene and vinylester monomers were found to be vastly dependent on the type of CNTs. Glass transition temperature (Tg) values of the nanocomposites with MWCNTs and MWCNTNH2 were found to increase with filler content. Moreover, nanocomposites containing MWCNTs and MWCNT-NH2 were found to possess higher tensile strength, elastic modulus as well as fracture toughness and fracture energy as compared to the neat hybrid resin. On the other hand, electrical properties of the nanocomposites were also investigated and it was found that nanocomposites with MWCNTs exhibited the lowest percolation threshold value. In addition, nanocomposites with amino functionalized CNTs were found to exhibit lower electrical conductivity as compared to those with untreated CNTs. Nanocomposites with AC electric field induced aligned CNTs were also prepared. Finally, based on the findings obtained for CNT/ resin suspensions, as a case study, electrically conductive glass fiber reinforced composite laminates were successfully produced, using the CNT modified resin suspensions as matrix material, via Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) methods.Doctoral Thesis Rheological Behavior of Nanocrystalline / Submicron Ceramic Powder Dispersions(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Çağlar Duvarcı, Özlem; Çiftçioğlu, MuhsinSeveral rheometric techniques were applied to submicron and nano ceramic powder dispersions systematically in this study. The rheological behavior of the dispersions was determined by steady shear and dynamic shear rheology. Dynamic shear rheological techniques are scarcely used for the characterization of ceramic powder dispersions contrary to polymers.The flow behaviors of the submicron and nano dispersions were found to be dependent on the solids content and fructose concentration. The submicron alumina, nano alumina, and nano titania dispersions in fructose solution showed shear thinning behavior and were fitted to the Herschel-Bulkley model.The dynamic shear rheology measurements showed that the solid part of the dispersions was dominant over the liquid part for both submicron and nano powder dispersions. The elastic modulus was higher than the viscous modulus in stress and frequency sweep measurements. The elastic moduli of the dispersions with solids content lower than 40 vol% were dependent on the angular frequency which indicated a gel-like behavior. However, the elastic moduli of the dispersions with 40 vol% solids were independent of angular frequency which indicated a solid like behavior. Further increase in fructose content had significant effects on both steady shear and dynamic shear rheological behavior of the dispersions regardless of particle size. The submicron and nano ceramic powder dispersions can be prepared by using fructose for the regulation of the rheological behavior of ceramic powder dispersions. The characterization of powder surfaces is essential for the effective adsorption of fructose.Doctoral Thesis Enhancement of Thermal, Electrical and Optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Filled Polymer Matrix Nano Composites(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Özmıhçı, Filiz; Balköse, DevrimThe purpose of this study is to enhance the electrical, thermal and optical properties of polyethylene and polypropylene by the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) filler.Embedding ZnO in a polymeric matrix could make an economic, weight saving, chemically resistive, optical, flexible and conductive materials which possesses the properties of zinc oxide.Composites with higher electrical and thermal conductivity having luminescence properties were prepared using commercial and hydrothermally synthesized ZnO powders with different particle size and conductivity. Effect of ZnO loading and surface treatment on composite properties was investigated. Luminescence effects in green and blue regions were detected in all powders due to the defects on the structure of ZnO.The powders were found to be moderately conductive materials, as well. Un-homogenously dispersed composites were prepared using rheomixer since especially nano powders tended to be agglomerated in the composite. On the other hand, different surface properties of powder and polymer caused adhesion and wetting problems. Microvoids were detected in the interphase, as well.Composites can be used as an electrostatic dissipation and moderate electrical conductive applications in the field of electrical conductivity, as a heat sink in the field of thermal conductivity and as a solid state lamp due to luminescence properties. Stiffness of the composites was very high compared to neat polymer and can be properly used as an engineering material.Doctoral Thesis Quantitative Analysis of Urban Morphology: Exploring Ethnic Urban Formations and Structure in the City of Izmir(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Alper, Sabri; Arkon, CemalUrban design and planning have been mainly involved in forming and structuring our cities. In order to understand this form and structure, various methods and tools of analyses have been developed in urban morphology. Spatial analysis is of basic need within planning and one of the essential tools for anyone who wants to investigate space. Spatial analyses are also useful tools on the way to a deeper understanding of the city itself. The aim of this thesis is to develop a theoretical framework and quantitative methodology for modeling urban form and structure, in order to better understand the complexity inherent in urban environments and to generate and improve relevant knowledge for urban design and planning. Space syntax is a set of techniques for the analysis of spatial configurations of all kinds, especially where spatial configuration seems to be a significant aspect of human affairs, as it is in buildings and cities. Space Syntax is unique as an analysis tool since it allows us to objectively measure the street network configuration. To explore the geometrical features of urban form, a geometric model is utilized and a typological analysis approach will be used for the basic element of the fabric: .the building block., Quantitative measures obtained from these syntactic and geometric approaches, their relationships and interdependencies are analyzed and explored. An integrated set of measures is identified. Case studies in Izmir are selected for testing the methodology to be developed. Methodology development is concentrated on five ethnic districts at the late-Ottoman period. These are also known as the Greek, Jewish, Armenian, European and Turkish quarters of the city. By analyzing the urban form and structure of these districts, a new integrated quantitative methodology for analysis of urban morphology is presented. Keywords: Urban Morphology, Urban Analysis, Space Syntax, Urban Pattern, IzmirDoctoral Thesis Developing a Strategic Decision- Making Process for Local Energy Planning and Urban Land- Use Evaluations: the Case for Balc¸ova Geothermal Energy(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2009) Kutluca, Ahmet Kıvanç; Özdemir, SemahatThe concept of 'renewable energy' for countries such as Turkey which are classified as poor, in terms of reserving the mentioned fossil energies could be an opportunity for being independent. 'Geothermal Energy' among the renewable energy sources in our country is known as an important type of valid and potential energy sources. Design and land-use are closely linked to the energy efficiency levels for an urban area. The current urban planning practice does not involve an effective landuse-energy evaluation in its 'blueprint' urban plans.The case of Balçova, a district in the Izmir Metropolitan area, is used conformingly for evaluating the proposed master plan and the 'geothermal energy district heating system' use for the concern district.The examination of the existing development plan with an .energy sensitive.point of view, determination of the questioning criteria's, and the evaluation of alternative compromises that can be done on planning principles, form the originality of thesis. The construction is completed by the integration of these policy-planproject scaled approaches during this evaluation.According to the thesis main idea, the proposed energy sensitive land-use planning method can be an effective tool for planners as simulation media in GIS programs using, to evaluate efficiency levels for different plan proposals, letting to know how much energy saving causes how much deviation from the other planning ideals.In the extent of the thesis, an alternative energy sensitive (integrated) land-use planning approach is aimed in the example of 'geothermal energy district heating system' by using development tools of land-use planning, planning brief and plans on .the increase in energy efficiency in urban settlement. approach.