Phd Degree / Doktora

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Critical Spatial Standpoint on Neoliberal Urban Restructuring: a Case Study on Urban Restructuring Processes in Narlıdere, İzmir
(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023) Kılıçkaya, Ulaş Şansal; Arslan Avar, Adile
The thesis proposes a critical spatial approach to reveal the political, economic, and social dimensions of the urban development plans and projects (UDPs) in the context of neoliberal urban restructuring in Turkey. . It aims to enrich the theoretical and methodological foundations of critical urban studies and spatial planning, focusing on UDPs as a key neoliberal urban strategy. Despite extensive research on cities and their spaces, there is still a lack of critical understanding of the 'urban process', and of the actors and networks underlying these processes. The study tries to fill this gap by providing a critique of capitalism and its inherent uneven development, neoliberal political and economic restructuring, and neoliberal urban policy from a political economic perspective. The thesis concentrates on the neoliberal plans and projects produced by the state and capital as mechanisms to overcome capitalist crises. The thesis problem is to contribute to a critical urban theory that can explain and transform the socio-spatial processes in urban spaces, especially in light of the global expansion of 21st-century capitalism. The methodology used in the thesis is methodological pluralism, using various qualitative and quantitative research techniques to critically analyze the socio spatial processes of neoliberal urban restructuring.. It argues that UDPs are driven by the logic of profit and land rent, and that they exclude the participation and the rights of the poor and marginalized inhabitants. It seeks to critically elaborate on issues such as gentrification, dispossession, displacement, segregation, and polarization in the spaces of UDPs, instrumentalized as a mechanism of neoliberal urban restructuring processes in Narlıdere
Regional Uneven Development and Liberalisation in Turkey
(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2020) Özbolat, Nida Kamil; Avar, Adile
Liberal economic programmes have been systematically implemented in Turkey since the early 1980s. These programmes aimed to launch a transformation, from import substitution under state direction to export oriented open-market conditions. Following this transformation, economic, political, institutional and spatial structures have drastically changed. Moreover, this process resulted highly uneven in terms of income distribution, both socially and geographically. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the relationships between regional uneven development and liberalisation in the case of Turkey; by doing this, it also contributes to the debates on liberalism through the revision of mainstream approaches by, per contra, drawing on the principles of critical approaches in a comprehensive way owing to the understanding provided by the concepts of 'actually existing neoliberalism', and 'spatiotemporal fixes'. To this end, beside descriptive statistics and well-known inequality indices, empirical analyses including nonspatial and spatial convergence models are applied at the level of NUTS 2. In addition, these analyses are completed through the distribution dynamics approach, which offers insights on the cross-sectional distribution of income. The analyses, on the one hand, report an overall slow convergence between regions; on the other hand, a polarisation issue in the regional pattern is identified in terms of notable gaps between three income levels. Findings indicate that liberal policies have not offered a permanent solution for the issue of uneven development. Therefore, closing regional disparities should be a serious policy concern and economic strategies should be better aligned with spatial/regional policies to address uneven development.

Phd Degree / Doktora

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