Energy Systems Engineering / Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği
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Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 14Perspectives of Biomass Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis for Co-Refining: Review and Correlation of Literature Data From Continuously Operated Setups(American Chemical Society, 2022) Prins, Wolter; Yıldız, GürayFor the co-processing of pyrolysis-based biocrudes within petroleum refineries, a degree of conditioning/upgrading involving the cracking of the oligomers and (partial) removal of oxygen could be operationally beneficial. By inducing a complex set of reactions in biomass-derived fast pyrolysis vapors, catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) ensures significant changes in oxygen functionalities and alleviates oxygen concentration in the resulting liquid intermediate (CFP-oil). Due to its reduced oxygen content and acidity, CFP-oil could be considered suitable for co-feeding in FCC units and/or for co-hydrotreatment (co-HT) with gas oils within the existing crude oil processing infrastructure. On the operational side, however, research concerning CFP of biomass has shown poor results: deoxygenation of pyrolysis vapors goes along with a progressive reduction in CFP-oil yield. Apart from any control over catalyst activity, selectivity, and lifetime, the other critical issue is in the process design, which is complicated by rapid catalyst deactivation through coke formation and catalyst poisoning by biomass-originated minerals. This review analyzes the outcome of research efforts concerning in- and ex situ CFP of biomass based on carefully selected literature studies reporting the results obtained from meso- and macrolevel laboratory-scale setups, pilot, process development units (PDU), and (semi-) commercial process units, wherein the biomass feedstock and catalyst is fed continuously. Key operational aspects such as the reactor technology, reactive medium, processing mode, and optimization of process parameters are addressed. The performances of continuously operated CFP units were benchmarked through a comparison of yields and elemental compositions of (by-)products. Despite the considerable research efforts related to CFP technology development, the co-processing of CFP-oil is still in its infancy. However, in close collaboration with refinery professionals, it could be made a serious candidate for biobased co-feeding. For refinery integration, quality parameters of CFP-oil, e.g., acidity, stability, and miscibility, should be considered as crucial as its oxygen content.Article Citation - WoS: 26Citation - Scopus: 25Biomass Driven Polygeneration Systems: a Review of Recent Progress and Future Prospects(Elsevier, 2023) Tabriz, Zahra Hajimohammadi; Khani, Leyla; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenBiomass is the most widely used renewable energy source which is highly appreciated due to its high availability and non-intermittent nature. Considering problems such as reduction of fossil fuels, global warming, and emission of greenhouse gases, lack of attention to the existing situation may cause irreversible damage to the future of the planet. In addition to using renewable energy sources, improving the efficiency of systems will also be helpful. Polygeneration systems play an important role in increasing efficiency and reducing pollution. So, the use of biomass in polygeneration systems seems to be a great approach for sustainable development. Recent studies on biomass-based polygeneration systems have focused on how to use biomass and integrate diverse subsystems to achieve the best performance from energy and exergy viewpoints. The present paper reviews biomass-based systems, and the parameters affecting the performance of these systems. The literature review shows that the high exergy destruction rate in the gasifiers is the most frequent problem among recent articles. In addition, despite the advantages of anaerobic digestion process, the number of studies conducted on the use of this method for biomass conversion is small. In the end, results, limitations, and future outlooks of these systems are discussed.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 18Optimization of the Integrated Orc and Carbon Capture Units Coupled To the Refinery Furnace With the Rsm-Bbd Method(Elsevier, 2022) Nazerifard, Reza; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Heris, Saeed ZeinaliTo recover waste heat and reduce the CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, an integrated system of organic Rankine cycle and post-combustion carbon capture unit coupled with furnaces of a refinery located in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran has been presented. To assess the performances of the proposed system, thermodynamic and economic analyses are performed. The organic Rankine cycle was optimized by selecting the suitable working fluid with optimal operating conditions among the primary considered ones through multi-objective optimization. Then, the response surface methodology combined with the Box-Behnken design was employed to evaluate the effects of decision variables and their interaction on the CO2 capture cost and attain the optimal conditions. The results indicate that the R-245fa is the best working fluids among the selected ones. According to the results, the flue gas inlet temperature into the absorber and lean loading are the terms of the model that have a significant impact on the output response. In the optimum setting of the decision variables, the CO2 capture cost equals 81.60 $/tCO2 and 81.90 $/tCO2 for ORC+CC and DCC+CC processes, respectively. Furthermore, due to the absence of a turbine in the DCC+CC system, its equivalent work is 28 % higher than the ORC+CC system. Also, the amine regeneration energy is responsible for 91.47 % and 86.15 % of the variable operating cost of the optimal ORC+CC and optimal DCC+CC, respectively.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 10Energy and Exergy Analysis of Combined Power, Methanol, and Light Olefin Generation System Fed With Shale Gas(Elsevier, 2022) Khani, Leyla; Tabriz, Zahra Hajimohammadi; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenEnvironmental problems and limitations of fossil fuel resources, especially crude oil, have intensified the importance of using cleaner and cheaper fuels besides enhancing energy conversion processes. Therefore, a novel power, methanol, and light olefin multi-generation system is designed and modeled in this paper. Chemical looping reforming, chemical looping combustion cycles, and Rankine power system are combined with methanol and light olefin production processes. The input fuel of the system is shale gas. The mass, energy, and exergy balance equations are applied for each system unit as a steady-state control volume to assess its thermodynamic operation. Then, the effects on the system performance of critical parameters are studied comprehensively. The results show that the necessary syngas can be supplied when 71.5% of the inlet shale gas is used in the steam reforming reactor of the chemical looping reforming cycle, and the steam to fuel ratio and carbon dioxide to fuel ratio are 0.61. Furthermore, if 31% of the produced methanol is consumed in the olefin production unit, the system energy and exergy efficiencies are achieved at 67.3% and 71.5%, respectively. In this case, the carbon dioxide flow rate is 800 kmol/hr, separated and stored in the chemical looping combustion cycle, leading to a clean thermodynamic system.Article Citation - WoS: 71Citation - Scopus: 78Investigation of H2o2/Uv Advanced Oxidation Process on the Removal Rate of Coliforms From the Industrial Effluent: a Pilot-Scale Study(Elsevier, 2022) Ashrafivala, Meisam; Mousavi, Seyed Borhan; Zeinali Heris, Saeed; Heidari, Mohammad; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Aslani, HassanWastewater recycling and reuse is very important, specially in countries with water shortage problem. Disinfection is very crucial step of wastewater treatment, particulary from the reuse and environmental protection point of view. In this research, the efficiency of the advanced oxidation process using UV and H2O2 combination was investigated on fecal coliform (FC) inactivation from a real industrial effluent; furthermore, the optimal condition for disinfection of the effluent using various parameters such as pH, H2O2 concentration, and contact time was determined. Based on the acquired outcomes, by pH decline from 11 to 7 and 3 inactivation rate increased (6.7% and 20.9%, sequentially), indicating the efficacy of acidic condition on the process. Increasing H2O2 concentration from 5 mg/L to 15 mg/L, 25 mg/L, and 35 mg/L, was led to increase FC inactivation by 16.6%, 29.75%, and 36.33%, respectively. Considering contcat time impact on the process performance, our findings revealed that the best efficiency obtained after 40 (s) contact time. It can be concluded that the combined UV/H2O2 is more potent than single UV and H2O2 process, making it possible to reach irrigation standards.Article Citation - WoS: 38Citation - Scopus: 40Exergoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of a High-Efficient Multi-Generation System Powered by Sabalan (savalan) Geothermal Power Plant Including Branched Gax Cycle and Electrolyzer Unit(Elsevier, 2022) Seiiedhoseiny, Miryasin; Khani, Leyla; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenEmploying suitable subsystems to reach high efficiency and low cost in renewable-based power plants is more crucial. The geothermal energy heat source is located in many countries, but this has never been investigated to run a multi-generation system, including a branched GAX cycle and an electrolyzer. In this path, a high-efficient multi-generation system powered by a Sabalan (Savalan) geothermal power plant consisting of a single flash cycle, a branched GAX cycle, and an electrolyzer is presented and scrutinized from thermodynamic and exergoeconomic viewpoints. In the end, a two-objective optimization, by using the Total Unit Cost of Product (TUCP) and energy efficiency as objectives, is utilized to find the optimum operating conditions. Critiques and studies of variables reveal that the produced hydrogen rate remains unchanged at 5.655 kg/h by changing the degassing value and temperature of the generator, condenser 2, and evaporator. By increasing the flash tank pressure from 5.2 bar to 7 bar, the cooling and heating loads rise about 108.4%, while the net electricity falls from 3977 kW to 3506 kW. Interestingly, the TUCP has a minimum value at the evaporator temperature of 273 K and condenser 2 temperature of 322.3 K. The optimization results indicate the values of the produced hydrogen rate and net electricity with 5.85 kg/h and 4187 kW are more than those of the base case. Also, the optimal values are 7.046 $/GJ, 36.82%, and 65.42% for the TUCP and energy and exergy efficiencies, respectively.Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 20Multi-Objective Optimization of a Novel Supercritical Co2 Cycle-Based Combined Cycle for Solar Power Tower Plants Integrated With Sofc and Lng Cold Energy and Regasification(Wiley, 2022) Taheri, Muhammad Hadi; Khani, Leyla; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Aminfar, Habib; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenThis study presents a new system for solar power, which is generated through a solar power tower with a molten salt cycle. To increase the consumption of energy losses, besides the closed supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle, a liquid natural gas (LNG) open-cycle was used as a heat sink alongside a cascade organic Rankine cycle with the capability of working at low temperatures. LNG is implemented for a solid oxide fuel cell input, after cooling down the power generation systems and power generation. Besides the economic and thermodynamic analysis, destruction of exergy has been controlled and parametric studies are performed to investigate the influence of relative factors on the performance of the system. To optimize the system, a genetics algorithm has been employed by considering two reciprocal objective functions of the total cost rate and the exergy efficiency. The results of multi-objective optimization show that the optimized point has a total product cost rate of $115.3/h and an exergy efficiency of 71%. Furthermore, exergy analysis shows that the molten salt heat exchangers and the LNG heat exchangers have the maximum rates of irreversibility and must be taken into consideration as a major priority for optimization.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 8Thermodynamic Design, Evaluation, and Optimization of a Novel Quadruple Generation System Combined of a Fuel Cell, an Absorption Refrigeration Cycle, and an Electrolyzer(Wiley, 2022) Khani, Leyla; Mohammadpour, Mahsa; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Heris, Saeed Zeinali; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenIn this article, a solid oxide fuel cell system is combined with a generator absorber heat exchanger absorption refrigeration cycle and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer unit to use most of the fuel energy and recover waste heat and material. This quadruple-generation system produces electric power, refrigeration, heating, and hydrogen from natural gas as the primary energy source for the system. The thermodynamic and environmental performances of the system are studied comprehensively to identify the effects of the key operating parameters on the system operation. The results show that as fuel cell current density increases from 2000 to 8000 A/m2; the system energy and exergy efficiencies decrease by nearly 20%, but the unit carbon dioxide emission increases by 30.38%. Also, the energy and exergy efficiencies are maximized, and the unit carbon dioxide emission is minimized at a specified value of fuel utilization factor. Additionally, increasing the steam to carbon ratio has a damaging effect on the system efficiencies but leads to higher unit carbon dioxide emission. Then, the genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the condition, so the highest exergy efficiency is attainable. The optimization results demonstrate that an exergy efficiency as high as 0.6443 is achievable.Article Citation - WoS: 50Citation - Scopus: 56Gis-Based Optimal Site Selection for the Solar-Powered Hydrogen Fuel Charge Stations(Elsevier, 2022) Karipoğlu, Fatih; Genç, Mustafa Serdar; Akarsu, BeyhanEnergy consumption which is the most critical input in daily life is increasing constantly because of the growth of the world population and development of the devices. The transportation industry which is responsible for almost half of all worldwide emissions is switching to innovative devices run on renewable energy. Renewable-powered charging stations are important for reducing the environmental impact of vehicles. The objective of the study was to determine the best hydrogen charge station locations and rates which are supplied by coupled solar power plants. The GIS-based assessment was carried out with proper data from data sources such as Copernicus Land Monitoring (CLC 2018), and Global Solar Atlas (GSA). For the determination of suitable regions for solar power plants, eight sub-criteria were assessed under technical (C1), accessibility (C2), and environmental (C3) main criteria. Afterward, the obtained result map layer and suitability of the six determined water bodies, located in the study region, were investigated by assuming the buffer zone value. Results showed that the study area had suitable regions of 38.1 km2 indicating that %22.4 of it was convenient for the solar power plant investments. While Cihanbeyli Lake does not have the highest suitable region, the biggest suitable area inside the buffer zone of lakes was determined as the Ağcaşayar Dam. The maximum annual solar production level is obtained as 1,919 MWh/year in the Ağcaşayar Dam, with a hydrogen production of 34,933 tons/year. Consequently, the Ağcaşayar Dam is the best suitable destination for a hydrogen fuel station in Kayseri.Article Citation - WoS: 33Citation - Scopus: 41Development of a Personalized Thermal Comfort Driven Controller for Hvac Systems(Elsevier Ltd., 2021) Turhan, Cihan; Simani, Silvio; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenIncreasing thermal comfort and reducing energy consumption are two main objectives of advanced HVAC control systems. In this study, a thermal comfort driven control (PTC-DC) algorithm was developed to improve HVAC control systems with no need of retrofitting HVAC system components. A case building located in Izmir Institute of Technology Campus-Izmir-Turkey was selected to test the developed system. First, wireless sensors were installed to the building and a mobile application was developed to monitor/collect temperature, relative humidity and thermal comfort data of an occupant. Then, the PTC-DC algorithm was developed to meet the highest occupant thermal comfort as well as saving energy. The prototypes of the controller were tested on the case building from July 3rd, 2017 to November 1st, 2018 and compared with a conventional PID controller. The results showed that the developed control algorithm and conventional controller satisfy neutral thermal comfort for 92 % and 6 % of total measurement days, respectively. From energy consumption point of view, the PTC-DC decreased energy consumption by 13.2 % compared to the conventional controller. Consequently, the PTC-DC differs from other works in the literature that the prototype of PTC-DC can be easily deployed in real environments. Moreover, the PTC-DC is low-cost and user-friendly.