Energy Systems Engineering / Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4752
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 3Air Density Calculation at High Altitude Locations for Wind Energy Use: the Alpines Validation(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Bingöl, FerhatAtmospheric air density has an essential role in the energy production of wind turbines. It is directly proportional to the power taken out from the airflow. The common practice at a planned wind farm location is to measure atmospheric parameters and calculate the air density as monthly and yearly averages based on the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM). After that, the reference point is used to calibrate spatial data to study the siting of wind turbines at a large spatial domain of interest using an engineering method based on only temperature and elevation a.m.s.l. The engineering method is also employed with only temperature and elevation data when there are no pressure and relative humidity measurements. The point-to-spatial transformation is done through the simplified engineering formula, and it is known that the method is primarily valid up to (Formula presented.) a.m.s.l. Above these elevations, the engineering methods have a significant bias, up to (Formula presented.) error in estimating the air density. This bias leads to a substantial error in energy yield estimations. This study uses more than one in-situ measurement at high altitude locations to calibrate the engineering method at the Alpine Convention Perimeter. It aims to improve the calculation accuracy by calculating the pressure gradient within the region. It is found that the seasonal and yearly averaging errors can be improved by (Formula presented.) to (Formula presented.) in the air density calculation with the new approach. The method can be applied to other locations with similar conditions.Patent Rüzgar Atlaslarında, Atlas Noktalarının İnterpolasyon Katsayılarının Hesabı(Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu, 2017)Buluş özellikle, seçilen en yakın atlas noktalarının (n) hesaplanması istenilen rüzgar tribünü kurulacak noktaya (p) benzerliklerinin bilimsel olarak hesaplanıp sayısallaştırılması sonucunda, mühendislerin bilimsel metotlara göre etki faktörlerinin hesaplamasını ve dolayısıyla interpolasyonlarda daha sağlıklı sonuçlar elde etmesini sağlayan bir atlas elde etme sistemi ile ilgilidir.Article Citation - WoS: 4Küçük ve Mikro Ölçekli Enerji Yatırımı için Hibrit Enerji Modeli(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2019) Yıldız, Mustafa; Bingöl, FerhatTürkiye çatı üstü güneş ve küçük ölçekli rüzgâr türbinleri gibi farklı olasılıklarda yeni düzenlemelere 2017 yılında gitmiştir. Her iki teknoloji için de ayrı çalışmalar yapılmış olmasına rağmen henüz hibrit sistem değerlendirme metodolojisi ve sonuçları ülke çapında yaygın değildir. Bu çalışma, verilen tesis alanın mikro ölçekli rüzgâr ve güneş esaslı toplam enerji kapasitesine göre iki kaynaktan üretilen enerjiyi azami noktaya ulaştırmak için önerilmiş, Hibrit Optimizasyon Aracı (Hybrid Otpimization Tool)-HOT-olarak isimlendirilmiş bir model içerir. Son kullanıcının basit aylık bilgileri girerek yıllık üretim tahmini yapmasına olanak verir. Modelin karşılaştırılması yaygınca kullanılan ve ticari yazılım HOMER ile yapılmıştır. Sonuçta yapılan tahminlerin mikro sistemlerin ekonomik modelini tehlikeye atmayacak belirsizlikte çalışarak fizibilite çalışmalarında ön-analiz için kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Article Citation - WoS: 5Rüzgar Enerji Sistemleri için Hava Yoğunluğunun Hesaplanması(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2018) Bingöl, FerhatRüzgar tarlaları son yıllarda dünyada ve Türkiye’de deniz seviyesindeki alanların yanı sıra yüksek rüzgar hızı kapasitesine sahip dağlık bölgelerde de kurulmaya başlamıştır. Ancak, dikkat edilmesi gereken en önemli nokta bu konumlarda hava yoğunluğunun azaldığı ve bunun da rüzgar türbinlerinden üretim gücüne doğrudan etkilediğidir. Küçük görünen farklar eğer fizibilite aşamasında yanlış hesaplanırsa uzun yıllar üretim göz önüne alındığında önemli farklar yaratabilirler. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de 126 ölçüm yapılmış nokta için temelde iki farklı yöntem kullanılarak yoğunluk hesabı yapılmış ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Genel itibariyle, sonuçlar yıllık ortalamalar dikkate alındığında iki metotta da birbirine yakın çıkmakta ama aylık ortalamalarda %2 seviyelerine ulaşan üretim tahmininde hatalara yol açacak farklılıklar göstermektedir.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2Feasibility of Large Scale Wind Turbines for Offshore Gas Platform Installation(AIMS Press, 2018) Bingöl, FerhatAlthough, offshore wind energy development emerged under way at the beginning of the millennium, Europe is planning to bring offshore wind energy capacity to over 11.6 GW until 2020. This is nearly 10 times todays installed offshore capacity and equal to nearly 50% of the new planned investment in the wind energy market. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are the main investment areas due to the shallower sea depth. In this paper an approach to use old gas / oil platforms as the foundation for a wind turbine is examined. An off shore gas platform close to Istanbul Turkey with over 20 years more lifetime is taken as a real-life case, with the wind resource information extracted from the recent large-scale wind atlas study, Global Wind Atlas version 2. The study aims to combine recent offshore economical models with up-to-date scientific wind energy yield assessment models to have a more realistic look on the feasibility of such an approach. The results show that, with the assumption of no extra support structure and capital loan costs, a project can be feasible with bigger then 8MW wind turbines. These may involve a large initial investment but the return of the investment (ROI) can be as low as 8 years. With bigger turbines, profit can be increased, and ROI can be decreased while the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) displays minor decrease after 10 MW.Article Citation - WoS: 7Inertia and Droop Controller for a Modern Variable Speed Wind Turbine To Provide Frequency Control in a Microgrid(Gazi Üniversitesi, 2020) Hassan, Ali; Altın, Müfit; Bingöl, FerhatThe increasing penetration of modern Variable Speed Wind Turbines (VSWTs) in microgrids creates the problem of frequency stabilization due to reduced inertia of the power system. To emulate the Inertia Response of the conventional synchronous machines, wind turbines can be provided with an inertia emulation controller. The modeling presented in this paper aims at equipping the modern Type D wind turbine with inertia response and primary frequency control (PFC) capabilities. Two controllers - inertial and droop, are implemented and their frequency control capabilities are compared in an isolated power system which consists of a conventional steam turbine generator and a wind farm. The results suggest that proposed controllers help in better frequency control performance in the microgrid.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Offshore Wind Energy Estimation in the Bay of Bengal With Satellite Wind Measurement(IEEE, 2019) Nadi, Navilla Rahman; Badger, Merete; Bingöl, FerhatThe objective of this paper is to obtain appropriate offshore location in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh for further development of wind energy. Through analyzing the previous published works, no offshore wind energy estimation has been found related to the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, this study can be claimed as the first footstep towards offshore wind energy analysis for this region. Generally, it is difficult to find offshore wind data relative to the wind turbine hub heights, thus a starting point is necessary to identify the possible wind power density of the region. In such scenario, Synthetic Aperture radars (SAR) have proven useful in previous studies. In this study, SAR based dataset- ENVISAT ASAR has been used for Wind Atlas generation of the Bay of Bengal. Furthermore, a comparative study has been performed with Global Wind Atlas (GWA) to determine a potential offshore wind farm production in a reasonable location at the bay. The annual energy production of that offshore windfarm has been analyzed by combining SAR, GWA and ASCAT datasets. Through ASAR based Wind Atlas and GWA comparison, some differences have been found where there are less samples from the ASAR datasets. Thus, Weibull statistical analysis are performed to have a better Weibull fitting and accurate estimation of Annual Energy production (AEP). The study summarizes that, satellite datasets can be a very useful method to detect potential zone if compared with any long time statistical result and bathymetry data together. © 2019 IEEE.Article Citation - WoS: 32Citation - Scopus: 37Mcdm Analysis of Wind Energy in Turkey: Decision Making Based on Environmental Impact(Springer Verlag, 2018) Değirmenci, Sinem; Bingöl, Ferhat; Sofuoğlu, Sait CemilDevelopment of new wind energy projects require complex planning process involving many social, technical, economic, environmental, political concerns, and different agents such as investors, utilities, governmental agencies, or social groups. The aim of this study is to develop a tool combining Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methodologies, and its application for Turkey as a case study. A variety of constraints and criteria were identified based on a literature review and regulations gathered from variety of agencies, use of which resulted in determination of infeasible sites. Then, pairwise comparisons were carried out using analytic hierarchy process as the MCDM method to estimate relative importance of the criteria, and to visualize a suitability map with three classes. As the final stage, decision making was carried out based on environmental impact where 45.5% of the Turkish territory was found as infeasible area. Sixty percent of the remaining area are covered by the moderate suitability class, followed by the highly suitable area (20.3%) and low suitable area (19.8%). The output of this study can be used by energy planners to estimate the extent that wind energy can be developed based on public perception, administrative, and environmental aspects