Energy Systems Engineering / Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği
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Review Citation - Scopus: 5A Comparative Evaluation of Dark Fermentative Bioreactor Configurations for Enhanced Hydrogen Production(Springer, 2025) Gören, Ayşegül Yağmur; Dincer, I.; Khalvati, A.Energy from renewable resources has been growing in popularity, which ultimately helps reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and contaminants. Since hydrogen (H2) has a higher combustion production of energy than hydrocarbon fuels, it has been identified as a clean, sustainable, and environmentally friendly energy source. There are several benefits to producing biohydrogen (bioH2) from renewable sources, including lower cost and increased sustainability. Among the bioH2 production processes, dark fermentation supports commercialization and scale-up for industrial applications. This paper considers the various bioreactors, such as anaerobic sequencing batch, continuous stirred, up-flow, fixed-bed, and membrane reactors, and their operational approaches for bioH2 production. This review paper also performs the bibliometric analysis method to identify historical and current developments in a particular field of reactor configuration studies. Furthermore, the main variables influencing reactor performance and methods for increasing process efficiency considering economic and environmental aspects are addressed. The results revealed that continuously stirred reactors are widely utilized for bioH2 production as a cost-effective reactor configuration. Moreover, the membrane bioreactors and fixed-bed reactors are yielded higher bioH2 performance than other configurations. Nevertheless, high energy consumption and costs have presented the need for further development of reactors. Consequently, future recommendations to solve the critical problems faced in reactor configurations, the gaps in the literature, and the points that need improvement were comprehensively reported. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 11Experimental Investigation of Spray Characteristics of Ethyl Esters in a Constant Volume Chamber(Springer, 2024) Ulu, A.; Yildiz, G.; Özkol, Ü.; Rodriguez, A.D.Abstract: Biodiesels are mainly produced via the utilization of methanol in transesterification, which is the widespread biodiesel production process. The majority of this methanol is currently obtained from fossil resources, i.e. coal and natural gas. However, in contrast with methanol, biomass-based ethanol can also be used to produce biodiesels; this could allow the production line to become fully renewable. This study aimed to investigate the spray characteristics of various ethyl ester type biodiesels derived from sunflower and corn oils in comparison to methyl esters based on the same feedstocks and reference petroleum-based diesel. Spray penetration length (SPL) and spray cone angle (SCA) were experimentally evaluated in a constant volume chamber allowing optical access, under chamber pressures of 0, 5, 10 and 15 bar and injection pressures of 600 and 800 bar. Sauter mean diameter (SMD) values were estimated by using an analytical correlation. Consequently, ethyl esters performed longer SPL (2.8–20%) and narrower SCA (5.1–19%) than diesel under ambient pressures of 5 and 10 bar. Although the SMD values of ethyl esters were 48% higher than diesel on average, their macroscopic spray characteristics were very similar to those of diesel under 15 bar chamber pressure. Moreover, ethyl esters were found to be very similar to methyl esters in terms of spray characteristics. The differences in SPL, SCA and SMD values for both types of biodiesels were lower than 4%. When considering the uncertainty (± 0.84%) and repeatability (±5%) ratios, the difference between the spray characteristics of methyl and ethyl esters was not major. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Review Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 23A Comprehensive Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Studies in Phase Change Materials: Applications, Materials, and Geometries(Springer, 2023) Soodmand, A. Mohammadian; Azimi, B.; Nejatbakhsh, S.; Pourpasha, H.; Farshchi, M. Ebrahimi; Aghdasinia, H.; Mohammadpourfard, Mousa; Heris, S. ZeinaliThermal energy storage systems (TESS) have emerged as significant global concerns in the design and optimization of devices and processes aimed at maximizing energy utilization, minimizing energy loss, and reducing dependence on fossil fuel energy for both environmental and economic reasons. Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely recognized as promising candidates due to their high latent heat storage (LHS) capacity. This review thoroughly evaluates the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies conducted in various sections, encompassing materials, modeling, simulation, as well as the results, advantages, and disadvantages of these works. The study is organized into three distinct sections. The first section discusses the applications of PCMs in various areas, including lithium-ion batteries, solar applications, building applications, electronics, and heating and cooling systems. The second section provides a comprehensive summary of cylindrical, rectangular, spherical, arbitrary shapes, and packed-bed geometries employed in TESS. The third section investigates the different types of materials used as PCMs. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that industrial applications of hybrid nanocomposites incorporating PCMs in different geometries pose challenges, particularly in three-dimensional (3D) settings, where instability becomes a significant concern. Hence, further research and investigation are necessary to address these challenges adequately. In conclusion, this study serves as a reference review for future research endeavors in the field of simulating various PCMs in different geometries and applications. It provides valuable insights into the current state of knowledge, highlights potential areas for improvement, and offers guidance for advancing simulation techniques related to PCMs.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 4Investigation of a New Methanol, Hydrogen, and Electricity Production System Based on Carbon Capture and Utilization(Springer, 2023) Khani, Leyla; Mohammadpourfard, MousaIt is well-known that clean energy transition requires low carbon emission. The increase in population, economic development, and human welfare demands has led to a rise in energy consumption, mainly supplied by fossil fuels. However, burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas and a contributor to environmental problems. Therefore, carbon capture and conversion to different products have gained attention. On the other hand, combining two or more different thermodynamic systems for simultaneous production of various demands from one energy source looks reasonable. In this regard, a new trigeneration system is proposed to decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide emission and produce methanol, hydrogen, and power. A flue gas stream with a defined composition, solar energy, and atmospheric air are the system’s inlets. Then, mass, energy, and exergy balance equations are applied for each subsystem to investigate the system’s thermodynamic performance. Also, the effect of changing operating parameters on the performance of each subsystem is studied. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 1A New Stable Solar System for Electricity, Cooling, Heating, and Potable Water Production in Sunny Coastal Areas(Springer, 2023) Khani, Leyla; Mohammadpourfard, MousaNowadays, more attention is paid to provide clean energy products with low environmental pollution in a decentralized way. Many coastal rural areas suffer from freshwater and electricity scarcity, especially in hot weather condition. Meanwhile, these regions have a great access to intense solar radiation and seawater. Hence, it seems logical to use the available solar energy in those places to provide to necessities like power, heating, and cooling. A new solar cooling, power, heating, and freshwater production system is designed, evaluated, and optimized in this research. The proposed system is composed of several subsystems to generate each product with high efficiency and reliability. Solar energy is unavailable at night, so molten salt energy storage is used to establish the steady operation of the system. Then, the system is evaluated from thermodynamic and exergoeconomic viewpoints, and a parametric study is accomplished to study the effect on the system performance of key variables. In the end, the system is optimized to determine its best operating condition for different cases. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Article Citation - WoS: 45Citation - Scopus: 31Highly Efficient Treatment of Petrochemical Spent Caustic Effluent Via Electro-Fenton Process for Cod and Toc Removal: Optimization and Experimental(Springer, 2023) Gholami, Asma; Mousavi, Seyed Borhan; Heris, Saeed Zeinali; Mohammadpourfard, MousaCaustic is commonly used in oil and gas refineries to remove CO2, H2S, organic sulfur, and acidic compounds; however, spent caustic must be treated considering the type of wastewater in refinery and petrochemical units due to their hazardous characteristics. This research aims to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total organic carbon (TOC) from the used caustic effluent of the olefin unit of Ilam Petrochemical Company employing the electro-Fenton method. The affecting parameters, such as H2O2 concentration, reaction time, pH, and current density on the COD and TOC removal rate, were investigated. An experimental design by response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken method with the considered factors was considered to study the setup’s effectiveness and optimize the conditions. The outcomes revealed that by increasing the H2O2 concentration from 11 to 18 mgL, the COD removal efficiency was enhanced from 68 to 93%. On the other hand, by increasing the reaction time after 15 min, the COD and TOC removal efficiency decreased. The same trend was observed by increasing the current density after the optimal value. The optimal conditions were acquired at pH = 4, current density = 20 mAcm2, H2O2 concentration = 18 mgL, and reaction time = 15 min. The promising results confirmed that the electro-Fenton could be an excellent treatment technique in Ilam Petrochemical Unit as a spent caustic treatment. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 11Experimental Investigation of Spray Characteristics of Ethyl Esters in a Constant Volume Chamber(Springer, 2022) Ulu, Anılcan; Yıldız, Güray; Özkol, Ünver; Rodriguez, Alvaro DiezAbstract: Biodiesels are mainly produced via the utilization of methanol in transesterification, which is the widespread biodiesel production process. The majority of this methanol is currently obtained from fossil resources, i.e. coal and natural gas. However, in contrast with methanol, biomass-based ethanol can also be used to produce biodiesels; this could allow the production line to become fully renewable. This study aimed to investigate the spray characteristics of various ethyl ester type biodiesels derived from sunflower and corn oils in comparison to methyl esters based on the same feedstocks and reference petroleum-based diesel. Spray penetration length (SPL) and spray cone angle (SCA) were experimentally evaluated in a constant volume chamber allowing optical access, under chamber pressures of 0, 5, 10 and 15 bar and injection pressures of 600 and 800 bar. Sauter mean diameter (SMD) values were estimated by using an analytical correlation. Consequently, ethyl esters performed longer SPL (2.8–20%) and narrower SCA (5.1–19%) than diesel under ambient pressures of 5 and 10 bar. Although the SMD values of ethyl esters were 48% higher than diesel on average, their macroscopic spray characteristics were very similar to those of diesel under 15 bar chamber pressure. Moreover, ethyl esters were found to be very similar to methyl esters in terms of spray characteristics. The differences in SPL, SCA and SMD values for both types of biodiesels were lower than 4%. When considering the uncertainty (± 0.84%) and repeatability (±5%) ratios, the difference between the spray characteristics of methyl and ethyl esters was not major.Article Citation - WoS: 67Citation - Scopus: 74Suitable Site Selection for Offshore Wind Farms in Turkey’s Seas: Gis-Mcdm Based Approach(Springer, 2021) Genç, Mustafa Serdar; Karipoğlu, Fatih; Koca, Kemal; Azgın, Şükrü TanerOffshore wind energy resources are not fully exploited renewable energy resources until now and could play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of climate change by the generation of renewable electricity. Planning processes such as technical, social, environmental, various agents, and political concerns are necessary for the development of offshore wind energy projects. The objective of this study was to assess the comprehensive feasibility of a desired offshore wind power plant applying Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) guidance for the coastal area of Turkey. Furthermore, EMODnet (the European Marine Observation and Data Network) was employed for data acquisition to unlock fragmented and hidden marine data resources and to facilitate investment in sustainable coastal and offshore activities. For the determination of potential site with Multi-Criteria Decision Maker Method, 3 main criteria Technical (C1), Environmental (C2), and Social (C3), and 13 sub-criteria were determined. Based on these criteria, the suitability map was created by using all criteria map layers with their buffer zones. The final map indicated that %1.38 (3294.8 km(2)) of Turkey Seas was suitable for offshore wind farms. The most suitable region was determined in the Marmara Sea with 1194 km(2). The Aegean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea were following the Marmara Sea in terms of the huge suitable regions respectively. It was apparent that the growth of offshore wind farms in Turkey would increase if the supporting mechanism and the necessary legislation were ensured.Article Citation - WoS: 27Citation - Scopus: 34Use of Abandoned Oil Wells in Geothermal Systems in Turkey(Springer, 2020) Kaplanoğlu, Murat A.; Baba, Alper; Gökçen Akkurt, GüldenHuman beings have been benefiting from geothermal energy for different uses since the dawn of civilization in many parts of the world. One of the earliest uses of geothermal energy was for heating and it was used extensively by Romans in Turkey. The Aegean region is favored with a large number of thermal springs known since ancient times. However, it was in the twentieth century that geothermal energy was first used on a large scale for direct use applications and electricity generation. The country's installed heat capacity is 3322.3 MWt for direct use and 1347 MWe for power production. Also, many drilled wells to extract oil or natural gas were abandoned for various reasons in the southeast of Turkey. Some of the oil fields have heat content that can be used for geothermal energy. Some even have hot fluid in the reservoir. This paper presents an investigation into how to use geothermal energy in abandoned oil and natural gas wells. Methods used to generate geothermal energy from abandoned oil fields other than conventional geothermal energy production are examined. Downhole heat exchangers can be used to extract heat without producing geothermal fluid which decrease gas emissions to the atmosphere and energy need for reinjection, from the abandoned oil wells to generate electricity or direct use applications. Using this method, it is possible to use abandoned wells in southeastern Turkey where this energy improves the economy of the region.