Computer Engineering / Bilgisayar Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/10
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Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Author Reputation Measurement on Question and Answer Sites by the Classification of Author-Generated Content(World Scientific Publishing, 2021) Sezerer, Erhan; Tenekeci, Samet; Acar, Ali; Baloğlu, Bora; Tekir, SelmaIn the field of software engineering, practitioners' share in the constructed knowledge cannot be underestimated and is mostly in the form of grey literature (GL). GL is a valuable resource though it is subjective and lacks an objective quality assurance methodology. In this paper, a quality assessment scheme is proposed for question and answer (Q&A) sites. In particular, we target stack overflow (SO) and stack exchange (SE) sites. We model the problem of author reputation measurement as a classification task on the author-provided answers. The authors' mean, median, and total answer scores are used as inputs for class labeling. State-of-the-art language models (BERT and DistilBERT) with a softmax layer on top are utilized as classifiers and compared to SVM and random baselines. Our best model achieves 63.8% accuracy in binary classification in SO design patterns tag and 71.6% accuracy in SE software engineering category. Superior performance in SE software engineering can be explained by its larger dataset size. In addition to quantitative evaluation, we provide qualitative evidence, which supports that the system's predicted reputation labels match the quality of provided answers.Article Estimating Spatiotemporal Focus of Documents Using Entropy With Pmi(Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020) Yaşar, Damla; Tekir, SelmaMany text documents are spatiotemporal in nature, i.e. contents of a document can be mapped to a specific time period or location. For example, a news article about the French Revolution can be mapped to year 1789 as time and France as place. Identifying this time period and location associated with the document can be useful for various downstream applications such as document reasoning or spatiotemporal information retrieval. In this paper, temporal entropy with pointwise mutual information (PMI) is proposed to estimate the temporal focus of a document. PMI is used to measure the association of words with time expressions. Moreover, a word’s temporal entropy is considered as a weight to its association with a time point and a single time point with the highest overall score is chosen as the focus time of a document. The proposed method is generic in the sense that it can also be applied for spatial focus estimation of documents. In the case of spatial entropy with PMI, PMI is used to calculate the association between words and place entities. The effectiveness of our proposed methods for spatiotemporal focus estimation is evaluated on diverse datasets of text documents. The experimental evaluation confirms the superiority of our proposed temporal and spatial focus estimation methods.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 14Rule-Based Automatic Question Generation Using Semantic Role Labeling(Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2019) Keklik, Onur; Tuğlular, Tuğkan; Tekir, SelmaThis paper proposes a new rule-based approach to automatic question generation. The proposed approach focuses on analysis of both syntactic and semantic structure of a sentence. Although the primary objective of the designed system is question generation from sentences, automatic evaluation results shows that, it also achieves great performance on reading comprehension datasets, which focus on question generation from paragraphs. Especially, with respect to METEOR metric, the designed system significantly outperforms all other systems in automatic evaluation. As for human evaluation, the designed system exhibits similar performance by generating the most natural (human-like) questions.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Türkçe Tweetler Üzerinden Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Cinsiyet Tahminlemesi(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Sezerer, Erhan; Polatbilek, Ozan; Tekir, SelmaYazar ayrımlaması, yazarı bilinmeyen bir metin üzerinden yazarına dair cinsiyet, yaş ve dil gibi bazı anahtar özniteliklerin belirlenmesidir. Özellikle güvenlik ve pazarlama alanında önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kullanıcıların tweetleri kullanılarak cinsiyetleri tahminlenmektedir. Yinelemeli Sinir Ağı (YSA) ve ilgi mekanizmasının birleşiminden oluşan bir model önerilmiştir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla bu çalışma Twitter veri kümesi ile Türkçe’de ilk defa yapılmıştır. Önerilen model Türkçe, İngilizce, İspanyolca ve Arapça dillerinde sınanmış ve sırasıyla 80.63, 81.73, 78.22, 78.5 doğruluk değerlerine ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen doğruluk değerleri Türkçe’de en gelişkin, diğer dillerde ise rekabetçi bir başarım ortaya koymaktadır.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1A Relativistic Opinion Mining Approach To Detect Factual or Opinionated News Sources(Springer Verlag, 2017) Sezerer, Erhan; Tekir, SelmaThe credibility of news cannot be isolated from that of its source. Further, it is mainly associated with a news source’s trustworthiness and expertise. In an effort to measure the trustworthiness of a news source, the factor of “is factual or opinionated” must be considered among others. In this work, we propose an unsupervised probabilistic lexicon-based opinion mining approach to describe a news source as “being factual or opinionated”. We get words’ positive, negative, and objective scores from a sentiment lexicon and normalize these scores through the use of their cumulative distribution. The idea behind the use of such a statistical approach is inspired from the relativism that each word is evaluated with its difference from the average word. In order to test the effectiveness of the approach, three different news sources are chosen. They are editorials, New York Times articles, and Reuters articles, which differ in their characteristic of being opinionated. Thus, the experimental validation is done by the analysis of variance on these different groups of news. The results prove that our technique can distinguish the news articles from these groups with respect to “being factual or opinionated” in a statistically significant way.Conference Object Overt information operations during peacetime(Curran Associates, 2012) Tekir, SelmaInformation superiority is the most critical asset in war making. It directly addresses the perception of the opponent and in the long term the will of him to act. Sun Tzu's classical text states this fact by the concept of deception as the basis of all warfare. The success in warfare then is dependent on being aware of what's happening, accurately realizing the context. This is the intelligence function in broad terms and mostly open source intelligence as it provides the context. Competitive intelligence is based mainly on open sources and day by day the open source share in the intelligence product is increasing. Present diversified open sources & services represent a methodology shift in war. The two preceding ways have been overt physical acts against military targets in wartime and covert information operations conducted throughout peacetime against even nonmilitary targets respectively. The present methodology must be overt (open) information operations during peacetime. This coincides with a metaphor change as well. It proposes a transformation from a war metaphor into a game metaphor in which there are some playing rules. In fact, the existence of such rules helps in drawing the boundary of the field of competitive intelligence and thus making it a profession. Game metaphor is safer to adopt than war as it's easier to take responsibility in public disclosure scenarios in this case. By following this metaphor, you continue to stay in the boundary of legitimate competition. In other terms, you make a conscious preference in terms of war intensities by choosing to avoid the more intense war forms limited conflict, and actual warfare respectively. Finally, this preference is in accordance with the fundamental point of the Sun Tzu's entire argument: The vision of victory without fighting. To summarize, open source domination in the competitive intelligence lays the ground for the game metaphor that represents a transformation in warfare. The apparent outcome is overt information operations during peacetime. It emerges as the most important tool to fight against deception, thus success in information warfare in the contemporary world.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Recent Cyberwar Spectrum and Its Analysis(Curran Associates, 2012) Aslanoğlu, Rabia; Tekir, SelmaWar is an organized, armed, and often prolonged conflict that is carried on between states, nations or other parties. Every war instance includes some basic components like rising conditions, battlespace, weapons, strategy, tactics, and consequences. Recent developments in the information and communication technologies have brought about changes on the nature of war. As a consequence of this change, cyberwar became the new form of war. In this new form, the new battlespace is cyber space and the contemporary weapons are constantly being renovated viruses, worms, trojans, denial-of-service, botnets, and advanced persistent threat. In this work, we present recent cyberwar spectrum along with its analysis. The spectrum is composed of the Estonia Attack, Georgia Attack, Operation Aurora, and Stuxnet Worm cases. The methodology for analysis is to identify reasons, timeline, effects, responses, and evaluation of each individual case. Moreover, we try to enumerate the fundamental war components for each incident. The analysis results put evidences to the evolution of the weapons into some new forms such as advanced persistent threat. Another outcome of the analysis is that when approaching to the end, confidentiality and integrity attributes of information are being compromised in addition to the availability. Another important observation is that in the last two cases, the responsive actions were not possible due to the lack of the identities of the offending parties. Thus, attribution appears as a significant concern for the modern warfare. The current sophistication level of the cyber weapons poses critical threats to society. Particularly developed countries that have high dependence on information and communication technologies are potential targets since the safety of the critical infrastructures like; healthcare, oil and gas production, water supply, transportation and telecommunication count on the safety of the computer networks. Being aware of this fact, every nation should attach high priorities to cyber security in his agenda and thus behave proactively.Article Citation - WoS: 1Reading Cs Classics(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2012) Tekir, SelmaKnowledge of the theories of computer science (CS) helps in understanding the limitations of the field by providing users with new perspectives and insights. It can be a good practice for CS professionals to compile their own list of classics that highlights some key scientific concepts of the field. 'An Axiomatic Basis for Computer Programming,' by C.A.R. Hoare is a CS classic, which tells about the computing industry of the 1960s and 1970s in Britain. Hoare provides a foundation for the formal proofs of programs by an algebraic assertions-based approach. 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence,' by A.M. Turing tells about the computer numbering systems that provide unique representation to every programming construct. Dijkstra' s realization of the high intellectual challenge of programming and his encouragement made him one of the greatest minds of computer programming. Donald Knuth is extraordinary with his perspective on computer programming.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 7Intelligence analysis modeling(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2006) Koltuksuz, Ahmet; Tekir, SelmaIntelligence is the process of supporting the policymakers in making their decisions by providing them with the specific information they need. Intelligence analysis is the effort of extracting the nature of intelligence issue with the policy goal in mind. It is performed by intelligence analysts who form judgments that add value to the collected material. With the increased open source collection capabilities, there has emerged a need for a model of intelligence analysis that covers the basic elements of valuable information: relevancy, accuracy, and timeliness. There exist models such as vector space model of information retrieval which only addresses the relevancy aspect of information and cannot cope with nonlinear document spaces. In this paper, we discuss the requirements of an integrated model of intelligence analysis along with its peculiar characteristics.