Computer Engineering / Bilgisayar Mühendisliği
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Article Link Prediction for Completing Graphical Software Models Using Neural Networks(IEEE, 2023) Leblebici, Onur; Tuğlular, Tuğkan; Belli, FevziDeficiencies and inconsistencies introduced during the modeling of software systems may result in high costs and negatively impact the quality of all developments performed using these models. Therefore, developing more accurate models will aid software architects in developing software systems that match and exceed expectations. This paper proposes a graph neural network (GNN) method for predicting missing connections, or links, in graphical models, which are widely employed in modeling software systems. The proposed method utilizes graphs as allegedly incomplete, primitive graphical models of the system under consideration (SUC) as input and proposes links between its elements through the following steps: (i) transform the models into graph-structured data and extract features from the nodes, (ii) train the GNN model, and (iii) evaluate the performance of the trained model. Two GNN models based on SEAL and DeepLinker are evaluated using three performance metrics, namely cross-entropy loss, area under curve, and accuracy. Event sequence graphs (ESGs) are used as an example of applying the approach to an event-based behavioral modeling technique. Examining the results of experiments conducted on various datasets and variations of GNN reveals that missing connections between events in an ESG can be predicted even with relatively small datasets generated from ESG models. AuthorArticle Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Application of the Law of Minimum and Dissimilarity Analysis To Regression Test Case Prioritization(IEEE, 2023) Ufuktepe, Ekincan; Tuğlular, TuğkanRegression testing is one of the most expensive processes in testing. Prioritizing test cases in regression testing is critical for the goal of detecting the faults sooner within a large set of test cases. We propose a test case prioritization (TCP) technique for regression testing called LoM-Score inspired by the Law of Minimum (LoM) from biology. This technique calculates the impact probabilities of methods calculated by change impact analysis with forward slicing and orders test cases according to LoM. However, this ordering doesn't consider the possibility that consecutive test cases may be covering the same methods repeatedly. Thereby, such ordering can delay the time of revealing faults that exist in other methods. To solve this problem, we enhance the LoM-Score TCP technique with an adaptive approach, namely with a dissimilarity-based coordinate analysis approach. The dissimilarity-based coordinate analysis uses Jaccard Similarity for calculating the similarity coefficients between test cases in terms of covered methods and the enhanced technique called Dissimilarity-LoM-Score (Dis-LoM-Score) applies a penalty with respective on the ordered test cases. We performed our case study on 10 open-source Java projects from Defects4J, which is a dataset of real bugs and an infrastructure for controlled experiments provided for software engineering researchers. Then, we hand-seeded multiple mutants generated by Major, which is a mutation testing tool. Then we compared our TCP techniques LoM-Score and Dis-LoM-Score with the four traditional TCP techniques based on their Average Percentage of Faults Detected (APFD) results.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 6Incremental Testing in Software Product Lines-An Event Based Approach(IEEE, 2023) Beyazıt, Mutlu; Tuğlular, Tuğkan; Öztürk Kaya, DilekOne way of developing fast, effective, and high-quality software products is to reuse previously developed software components and products. In the case of a product family, the software product line (SPL) approach can make reuse more effective. The goal of SPLs is faster development of low-cost and high-quality software products. This paper proposes an incremental model-based approach to test products in SPLs. The proposed approach utilizes event-based behavioral models of the SPL features. It reuses existing event-based feature models and event-based product models along with their test cases to generate test cases for each new product developed by adding a new feature to an existing product. Newly introduced featured event sequence graphs (FESGs) are used for behavioral feature and product modeling; thus, generated test cases are event sequences. The paper presents evaluations with three software product lines to validate the approach and analyze its characteristics by comparing it to the state-of-the-art ESG-based testing approach. Results show that the proposed incremental testing approach highly reuses the existing test sets as intended. Also, it is superior to the state-of-the-art approach in terms of fault detection effectiveness and test generation effort but inferior in terms of test set size and test execution effort.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3A Domain-Specific Language for the Document-Based Model-Driven Engineering of Business Applications(IEEE, 2022) Leblebici, Onur; Kardaş, Geylani; Tuğlular, TuğkanTo facilitate the development of business applications, a domain-specific language (DSL), called DARC, is introduced in this paper. Business documents including the descriptions of the responsibilities, authorizations, and collaborations, are used as the first-class entities during model-driven engineering (MDE) with DARC. Hence the implementation of the business applications can be automatically achieved from the corresponding document models. The evaluation of using DARC DSL for the development of commercial business software was performed in an international sales, logistics, and service solution provider company. The results showed that the code for all business documents and more than 50% of the responsibility descriptions composing the business applications could be generated automatically by modeling with DARC. Finally, according to the users' feedback, the assessment clearly revealed the adoption of DARC features in terms of the DSL quality characteristics, namely functional suitability, usability, reliability, maintainability, productivity, extensibility, compatibility, and expressiveness.Editorial Message From the Symposium Chairs: Isssr 2022(IEEE, 2022) Wong, W. Eric; Wotawa, Franz; Zheng, Liwei; Tuğlular, TuğkanSecurity, safety, and reliability are the three most important attributes of a system. This is especially the case for mission-critical and life-threatening systems. As the complexity of many systems continues to grow, ensuring security, safety, and reliability has become very critical. Not only does existing technology and tool support need to be enhanced, but we also need new strategies and approaches to satisfy more strict requirements on system security, safety, and reliability. In response to this challenge, the Steering Committee of ISSSR has decided to change its conference name from International Symposium on System and Software Reliability to International Symposium on System Security, Safety, and Reliability. The acronym ISSSR is still the same, but the full name has been slightly modified to emphasize the importance of security, safety, and reliability of many systems.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3Assessment of Human-Robot Interaction Between Householders and Robotic Vacuum Cleaners(IEEE, 2022) Yapıcı, Nur Beril; Tuğlular, Tuğkan; Başoğlu, Ahmet NuriThe study presented in this paper investigates the application of the Hybrid Model, which is the combination of the two strategies of the Built-to-Order Model and the Dynamic Eco-strategy Explorer Model, to robotic vacuum cleaners. The Hybrid Model aims to switch the market power from seller-driven perception to buyer-driven one by creating an individual perspective from the eye of users rather than traditional customer segmentation. The human-centered approach established theoretically has been tested with a determined procedure that includes prototyping, testing, and evaluating the proposed customization system for robotic vacuum cleaners to increase the interaction degree with purchasers. In this case, robotic vacuum cleaners have been chosen to implement and assess the hypothesis. Firstly, the successful prototyping of the Hybrid Model requires well customer analysis and habits determination to build well-constructed and coherent interaction between the purchaser and the robot. We utilized a content analysis of robotic vacuum cleaners and elaborative, conventional interviews with early adopters and early majority of this technology in Turkey to establish credible scenarios and product options during the phases of the Hybrid Model practice. The results of the interview were discussed, and the evaluations have been reported.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 2Heterogeneous Modeling and Testing of Software Product Lines(IEEE, 2021) Belli, Fevzi; Tuğlular, Tuğkan; Ufuktepe, EkincanSoftware product line (SPL) engineering is a widely accepted approach to systematically realizing software reuse in an industrial environment. Feature models, a centerpiece of most SPL engineering techniques, are appropriate to model the variability and the structure of SPLs, but not their behavior. This paper uses the idea to link feature modeling to model-based behavior modeling and to determine the test direction (top-down or bottom-up) based on the variability binding. This heterogeneous modeling enables a holistic system testing for validating both desirable (positive) and undesirable (negative) properties of the SPL and variants. The proposed approach is validated by a non-trivial example and evaluated by comparison.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 1Mutation Analysis of Specification-Based Contracts in Software Testing [conference Object](IEEE, 2021) Khalilov, Abbas; Tuğlular, Tuğkan; Belli, FevziThis work focuses on checking the adequacy of the test cases generated using Decision-Table-augmented Event Sequence Graphs (ESG-DTs), which represents the specification of a system under test, by using mutation analysis. Test cases are represented in the Complete Event Sequence (CES) and Faulty CES (FCES) forms. We present a new set of mutation operators for mutation of contracts represented in Multi-Terminal Binary Decision Diagram (MTBDD) and introduce a new approach to mutation of the ESG-DT model by using the proposed mutation operators. The approach is evaluated on three cases. The results show the drawback of specific FCES test sequences and the relationship between the mutant detection by CES/FCES sequences and proposed mutation operators.Conference Object Coverage Guided Multiple Base Choice Testing(IEEE, 2020) Tuğlular, Tuğkan; Leblebici, OnurA coverage guided input domain testing approach is presented with a feedback loop-controlled testing workflow and a tool is developed to support this workflow. Multiple base choices coverage criterion (MBCC) is chosen for systematic unit test generation in the proposed approach and branch coverage information is utilized as feedback to improve selection of bases, which results in improved branch coverage. The proposed workflow is supported with the tool designed and developed for coverage guided MBCC-based unit testing.Conference Object Belge Sorumluluk İş-birliği Modelleme Yöntemi ile Otomatik Kod Üretimi(IEEE, 2020) Tuğlular, Tuğkan; Leblebici, OnurUML is highly preferred for design in current software development approaches. However, the conceptual gap between entities in business processes and classes in UML designs is not small. To reduce this gap, this paper proposes using documents that are vital to every business. The proposed new method called Document Responsibility Collaboration puts the concept of documents at the center. In the proposed method, documents are meta-models of classes in terms of programming, and at the same time, they are meta-models of relationships in terms of permanence. The proposed Document Responsibility Collaboration method uses the domain concept in which domains are made up of documents, and a document defined in a domain can work with another document in any domain to fulfill its responsibility. Document Responsibility Collaboration method defines a process, which starts at the transition from analysis to design phase and continues to the code generation phase. An example from the order management domain is provided to validate the recommended method. © 2020 IEEE.