Sürdürülebilir Yeşil Kampüs Koleksiyonu / Sustainable Green Campus Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7755
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2A Deterministic and Stochastic Assessment for Exposure and Risk of Arsenic Via Ingestion of Edible Crops(Springer Verlag, 2019) Can Terzi, Begüm; Gündüz, Orhan; Gündüz, Orhan; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyNatural arsenic contamination is a critical problem for various places around the world. Simav Plain (Kutahya, Turkey) is one such area that was shown to have natural arsenic contamination in its waters and soils. Arsenic exposure through ingestion of edible crops cultivated in Simav Plain and associated health risks were assessed in this study. To achieve this objective, arsenic levels in 18 crop species were estimated based on measured soil arsenic concentrations. Individual and aggregate non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with ingestion of arsenic-contaminated crops were then assessed with scenario-based deterministic point estimates and stochastic population estimates. Monte Carlo simulation was used for the estimation of population health risks. Accordingly, wheat was found as the highest-ranked crop specie for the both types of health risks, followed by tomato and potato, which are three of the most consumed crops in the region. The risk levels estimated in this study were relatively high, indicating consumption of crops grown in the plain may be posing significant health risks even at lower-bound estimates. Consuming wheat, tomato, potato, and their products from uncontaminated sources was found to reduce the aggregate risks up to 88% implicating the importance of proposing suitable management measures for similar risk-prone areas.Article Citation - WoS: 108Citation - Scopus: 113Spatial and Seasonal Variations, Sources, Air-Soil Exchange, and Carcinogenic Risk Assessment for Pahs and Pcbs in Air and Soil of Kutahya, Turkey, the Province of Thermal Power Plants(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Dumanoğlu, Yetkin; Gaga, Eftade O.; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Odabaşı, Mustafa; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyAtmospheric and concurrent soil samples were collected during winter and summer of 2014 at 41 sites in Kutahya, Turkey to investigate spatial and seasonal variations, sources, air-soil exchange, and associated carcinogenic risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The highest atmospheric and soil concentrations were observed near power plants and residential areas, and the wintertime concentrations were generally higher than ones measured in summer. Spatial distribution of measured ambient concentrations and results of the factor analysis showed that the major contributing PAH sources in Kutahya region were the coal combustion for power generation and residential heating (48.9%), and diesel and gasoline exhaust emissions (47.3%) while the major PCB sources were the coal (thermal power plants and residential heating) and wood combustion (residential heating) (45.4%), and evaporative emissions from previously used technical PCB mixtures (34.7%). Results of fugacity fraction calculations indicated that the soil and atmosphere were not in equilibrium for most of the PAHs (88.0% in winter, 87.4% in summer) and PCBs (76.8% in winter, 83.8% in summer). For PAHs, deposition to the soil was the dominant mechanism in winter while in summer volatilization was equally important. For PCBs, volatilization dominated in summer while deposition was higher in winter. Cancer risks associated with inhalation and accidental soil ingestion of soil were also estimated. Generally, the estimated carcinogenic risks were below the acceptable risk level of 10− 6. The percentage of the population exceeding the acceptable risk level ranged from < 1% to 16%, except, 32% of the inhalation risk levels due to PAH exposure in winter at urban/industrial sites were > 10− 6.Article Citation - WoS: 42Citation - Scopus: 50Occurrence, Oral Exposure and Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water for Izmir(Elsevier Ltd., 2006) Kavcar, Pınar; Odabaşı, Mustafa; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; İnal, Fikret; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyConcentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in the drinking water in Province of İzmir, Turkey, and associated health risks due to ingestion of these compounds were investigated using population weighted random samples. A total of 100 houses were visited in different districts of İzmir and drinking water samples were collected from consumers' drinking water source. Questionnaires were administered to one participant in each house to determine demographics and drinking water consumption rates. Oral exposure and risks were estimated for each participant and İzmir population by deterministic and probabilistic approaches, respectively. The four trihalomethane (THM) species (i.e., chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform), benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene were the most frequently detected VOCs with concentrations ranging from below detection limit to 35 μg/l. The risk estimates were found to be less than the values reported in the literature with few exceptions. Noncarcinogenic risks attributable to ingestion of VOCs for İzmir population were negligible, whereas the mean carcinogenic risk estimates for bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane were above the de minimis level of one in a million (10-6). For all VOCs, the concentrations measured in metropolitan area were greater than those in other districts. All THM species were detected in higher concentrations in tap water, whereas nontap water contained more benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene. Therefore, the concentrations of the latter four compounds and associated risks increased with increasing income and education level since bottled water was used in larger proportions within these subgroups. The results of this study showed that oral exposure to drinking water contaminants and associated risks may be higher than the acceptable levels even if the concentrations fall below the standards.Master Thesis Earthquake Conscious Urban Transformation and Redevelopment:repercussions of Izmir Radius Project on Fikri Altay District(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Durmaz, Sıdıka Bahar; Serim, Muharrem Erkal; Serim, Muharrem Erkal; 02.03. Department of City and Regional Planning; 02. Faculty of Architecture; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyEarthquakes are one of the most destructive natural occurrences. They strike without warning and they may result various damages to urban environment and human life. The technology to predict their specific time, location and magnitude has not developed yet. It is possible to reduce the harmful effects of earthquakes and to create urban surroundings resistant to earthquakes by comprehensive projects stated as "risk mitigation activities".Turkey is exposed to earthquake risk due to fact that it is on an active seismic zone and that most of the buildings are not in conformity with earthquake safe design codes. zmir also has high earthquake risk as determined in the content of zmir RADIUS Project that is conducted by United Nations. This thesis is mainly about to ensure safety of urban environment that is expose to earthquake risk. The thesis has three principle purposes: to produce a guide about the projects done for mitigating zmir.s earthquake risk, to explain the strategies, process and methods for urban safety and to develop planning and design principles of earthquake conscious urban design.Risk assessment process of the existing buildings and urban environment is the part of the urban safety process. In this context risk management, risk assessment process and the methods for risk assessment is clarified. Especially the methods for vulnerability assessment of existing urban pattern and of buildings are explained. Strategies for designing earthquake safe cities are discussed. Urban transformation is proposed as a solution of urban safety. As a matter of this, a case study is undertaken on Fikri Altay District in zmir comprising a vulnerability assessment and an urban transformation project.Different methods used in the content of the survey. zmir.s scenario earthquake produced in the content of RADIUS Project is adopted for hazard assessment. Istanbul Earthquake Master Plans. observed vulnerability assessment method is modified for the case study area and RADIUS computer software is used for damage estimation.Consequently, a redevelopment plan and principles for earthquake conscious urban transformation is proposed.