Sürdürülebilir Yeşil Kampüs Koleksiyonu / Sustainable Green Campus Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7755
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Article Citation - WoS: 89Citation - Scopus: 105Spatial and Temporal Variations in Atmospheric Vocs, No2, So2, and O3 Concentrations at a Heavily Industrialized Region in Western Turkey, and Assessment of the Carcinogenic Risk Levels of Benzene(Elsevier Ltd., 2015) Yılmaz Civan, Mihriban; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Seyfioğlu, Remzi; Kuntasal, Öznur Oğuz; Bayram, Abdurrahman; Doğan, Güray; Yurdakul, Sema; Andiç, Özgün; Müezzinoğlu, Aysen; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Pekey, Hakan; Pekey, Beyhan; Bozlaker, Ayşe; Odabaşı, Mustafa; Tuncel, Gürdal; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyAmbient concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ground-level ozone (O3) were measured at 55 locations around a densely populated industrial zone, hosting a petrochemical complex (Petkim), a petroleum refinery (Tupras), ship-dismantling facilities, several iron and steel plants, and a gas-fired power plant. Five passive sampling campaigns were performed covering summer and winter seasons of 2005 and 2007. Elevated concentrations of VOCs, NO2 and SO2 around the refinery, petrochemical complex and roads indicated that industrial activities and vehicular emissions are the main sources of these pollutants in the region. Ozone concentrations were low at the industrial zone and settlement areas, but high in rural stations downwind from these sources due to NO distillation. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's positive matrix factorization receptor model (EPA PMF) was employed to apportion ambient concentrations of VOCs into six factors, which were associated with emissions sources. Traffic was found to be highest contributor to measured ∑VOCs concentrations, followed by the Petkim and Tupras.Median cancer risk due to benzene inhalation calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation was approximately 4 per-one-million population, which exceeded the U.S. EPA benchmark of 1 per one million. Petkim, Tupras and traffic emissions were the major sources of cancer risk due to benzene inhalation in the Aliaga airshed. Relative contributions of these two source groups changes significantly from one location to another, demonstrating the limitation of determining source contributions and calculating health risk using data from one or two permanent stations in an industrial area.Master Thesis Catalytic Surface Coatings for Household Ovens(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2016) İzer, Alaz; Şeker, Erol; Şeker, Erol; Şeker, Erol; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyThe emission of harmful volatile compounds, such as aldehydes, and also carbon monoxide could occur during cooking processes at home or industry due to the combustion and cracking of spilled vegetable oil on the walls of an oven. It is known that the by-products generated during cooking could affect human health and environment if they are properly vented or removed. To eliminate the health and environmental problems related to oven emission, self-cleaning catalytic materials coated walls for ovens seem to be viable alternative to the toxic and time consuming chemical cleaning solutions. In this project, a sol-gel method and also the dip coating technique was used to produce a catalytic material coated aluminum plates. Specifically, the calcination time and the temperature were studied to better understand the relationship between the textural/chemical properties of the catalyst coated metal plates and their catalytic activities. The studied calcination temperatures were 450°C, 500°C and 550°C whereas the calcination time were 10 min, 30 min and 60 min for each type of catalyst. Aluminum oxide supported nickel and also aluminum oxide - manganese oxide supported nickel catalysts were prepared as the catalyst that were used in coating. The catalytic activities of the catalyst coated plates were determined using canola oil as a function of reaction time which were 1h at 170°C and 200°C. The results have been shown that the most convenient calcination conditions for the canola oil combustion were 500°C for 30 minutes by using aluminum oxide – manganese oxide supported nickel catalyst.Article Citation - WoS: 42Citation - Scopus: 50Occurrence, Oral Exposure and Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water for Izmir(Elsevier Ltd., 2006) Kavcar, Pınar; Odabaşı, Mustafa; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; İnal, Fikret; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; 03.07. Department of Environmental Engineering; 03.02. Department of Chemical Engineering; 03. Faculty of Engineering; 01. Izmir Institute of TechnologyConcentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in the drinking water in Province of İzmir, Turkey, and associated health risks due to ingestion of these compounds were investigated using population weighted random samples. A total of 100 houses were visited in different districts of İzmir and drinking water samples were collected from consumers' drinking water source. Questionnaires were administered to one participant in each house to determine demographics and drinking water consumption rates. Oral exposure and risks were estimated for each participant and İzmir population by deterministic and probabilistic approaches, respectively. The four trihalomethane (THM) species (i.e., chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform), benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene were the most frequently detected VOCs with concentrations ranging from below detection limit to 35 μg/l. The risk estimates were found to be less than the values reported in the literature with few exceptions. Noncarcinogenic risks attributable to ingestion of VOCs for İzmir population were negligible, whereas the mean carcinogenic risk estimates for bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane were above the de minimis level of one in a million (10-6). For all VOCs, the concentrations measured in metropolitan area were greater than those in other districts. All THM species were detected in higher concentrations in tap water, whereas nontap water contained more benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene. Therefore, the concentrations of the latter four compounds and associated risks increased with increasing income and education level since bottled water was used in larger proportions within these subgroups. The results of this study showed that oral exposure to drinking water contaminants and associated risks may be higher than the acceptable levels even if the concentrations fall below the standards.