Sürdürülebilir Yeşil Kampüs Koleksiyonu / Sustainable Green Campus Collection
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7755
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Conference Object Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Arsenic in Groundwater in Western Anatolia, Turkey: a Review(University of Silesia Press, 2010) Gündüz, Orhan; Baba, Alper; Elpit, HandanOccurrence of arsenic (As) in groundwater has been a major problem worldwide for the last hundred years. Considering its toxic effects on human health, the presence of elevated levels of arsenic in groundwater resources used in drinking water supply has been an active research field throughout the world (Van Halem et al., 2009). In this regard, case studies from Bangla-desh, India, Nepal, El Salvador, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Chile, China, Canada, Argentina, Peru, Taiwan, United States, Bolivia and Turkey have been documented with regards to the detection of natural levels in groundwater, the occurrence and distribution mechanisms, the human health effects and the in-situ and ex-situ treatment techniques (Jean et al., 2010). In many of these locations, arsenic is naturally found in the subsurface strata within volcanic and sedimentary formations as well as in areas of geothermal systems related to tectonic activity. Western Anatolia in Turkey is one such area of complex geology with active tectonics and high geothermal potential. This natural setting serves as a suitable environment for the presence of high levels of arsenic in subsurface waters. Based on these fundamentals, this study presents a general overview of arsenic presence in western Anatolia.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Determining Water and Sediment Quality Related To Lead-Zinc Mining Activity(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2018) Şanlıyüksel Yücel, Deniz; Baba, AlperThis study focuses on the Koru and Tesbihdere Pb-Zn mining districts, located at the upstream areas of the Umurbey dam basin. Mining activities in Koru, one of the longest operated mines in NW Turkey, date back to the beginning of the 1900s. The purpose of the study is to (1) determine the hydrochemical properties of the water resources and to assess the potential environmental consequences of mining activities in the Koru and Tesbihdere mining districts, and (2) investigate the effects caused by mining activities on the water resources and sediment quality in the Umurbey dam basin. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in river sediments downstream of the Tesbihdere and Koru mining district, and in the Umurbey dam sediments were higher than the world average for river sediments. The geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor revealed that sediments were strongly polluted with Pb and Zn, moderately to strongly polluted with Cd and moderately polluted with Cu. The chemical analyses of water resources revealed that the maximum Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cu concentrations reached 2890 μg/l, 1785 μg/l, 1180 μg/l, 984 μg/l, and 419 μg/l, respectively. The Koru River is classified as polluted water according to Turkish inland water quality regulations. The environmental contamination problems in the local drainage system are caused by leakage from past and current tailing ponds into the Koru River.Article Citation - WoS: 19Citation - Scopus: 21Effects of Basin Activities and Land Use on Water Quality Trends in Tahtali Basin, Turkey(Springer Verlag, 2013) Elçi, Şebnem; Selçuk, PelinBi-weekly water quality data from seven monitoring stations located within Tahtali Watershed, İzmir, Turkey and digital land use/land cover data of the same watershed are analyzed in this study. To examine the changes in land use associated with urbanization, the satellite images of the main pool of the Tahtali reservoir prior to filling and subsequent to filling, respectively, are analyzed. Aerial photos of the basin taken in 1995 (October) are compared with images taken in 2005 (November) from the IKONOS satellite through use of several GIS techniques. New residential buildings, greenhouses, and industrial buildings are presented in separate layers, and changes in basin activities are quantified. The effects of urbanization on the water quality are investigated through statistical analysis. The seasonal Kendall test is applied to the water quality parameters monitored bi-weekly at seven stations within the basin for the duration 1997-2005. There was no trend in phosphorus, but there was a negative trend in boron and nitrate and a positive trend in the parameters of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The improvement in nitrate concentrations is attributed to the new regulations on the use of fertilizers in greenhouses. However, increase of BOD and COD concentrations is related to the growing settlement areas and industrial zones, which point to the insufficient wastewater treatment within the basin. Soil erosion within the basin is also quantified by the universal soil loss equation using available maps. Estimated total soil loss rate increased about 2. 5 times that of 1995 when the changed land use composition in 2005 is considered in the calculations.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 28Geochemical Characterization of Acid Mine Lakes in Northwest Turkey and Their Effect on the Environment(Springer Verlag, 2013) Şanlıyüksel Yücel, Deniz; Baba, AlperMining activity generates a large quantity of mine waste. The potential hazard of mine waste depends on the host mineral. The tendency of mine waste to produce acid mine drainage (AMD) containing potentially toxic metals depends on the amounts of sulfide, carbonate minerals, and trace-element concentrations found in ore deposits. The acid mine process is one of the most significant environmental challenges and a major source of water pollution worldwide. AMD and its effects were studied in northwest Turkey where there are several sedimentary and hydrothermal mineral deposits that have been economically extracted. The study area is located in Can county of Canakkale province. Canakkale contains marine, lagoon, and lake sediments precipitated with volcanoclastics that occurred as a result of volcanism, which was active during various periods from the Upper Eocene to Plio-Quaternary. Can county is rich in coal with a total lignite reserve >100 million tons and contains numerous mines that were operated by private companies and later abandoned without any remediation. As a result, human intervention in the natural structure and topography has resulted in large open pits and deterioration in these areas. Abandoned open pit mines typically fill with water from runoff and groundwater discharge, producing artificial lakes. Acid drainage waters from these mines have resulted in the degradation of surface-water quality around Can County. The average pH and electrical conductivity of acid mine lakes (AMLs) in this study were found to be 3.03 and 3831.33 μS cm-1, respectively. Total iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) levels were also found to be high (329.77 and 360.67 mg L-1, respectively). The results show that the concentration of most elements, such as Fe and Al in particular, exceed national and international water-quality standards. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2How Do Contaminated Reservoir Bottom Sediments Affect Water Quality? an Assessment Using Swim Model(Water Environment Federation, 2013) Elçi, Şebnem; Şimşek, Sinem ElifIn this study, an approach for the assessment of long term effects of contaminated sediments on the surface water quality of a future reservoir is presented. A one-dimensional sediment-water interaction model designed to simulate contaminants associated with the sediments, and the transfer of these contaminants to the overlying water column, was developed. The effect of contaminated bottom sediments on water quality was investigated under different stratification conditions. The numerical model was applied to an existing reservoir (Tahtali Reservoir) for validation and projected contaminant concentrations based on the soil and water samples collected before inundation of the land. Results were compared with the concentrations obtained from water samples collected during its operation. Next, transfer to a planned reservoir (Çamli Basin, Izmir) of four heavy metals - copper, zinc, chromium, and lead - existing in bottom sediments of the planned reservoir is modeled. A ten year projection of heavy metal concentrations for the Çamli Reservoir showed concentrations to be higher than those acceptable by the World Health Organization (WHO). Construction of a treatment facility is recommended if the reservoir is to be utilized for providing domestic water.Article Citation - WoS: 24Citation - Scopus: 28Effect of Alteration Zones on Water Quality: a Case Study From Biga Peninsula, Turkey(Springer Verlag, 2010) Baba, Alper; Gündüz, OrhanWidespread and intense zones of silicified, propylitic, and argillic alteration can be found in the Çan volcanics of Biga Peninsula, northwest Turkey. Most of the springs in the study area surface out from the boundary between fractured aquifer (silicified zone) and impervious boundary (argillic zone). This study focuses on two such springs in KirazlI area (KirazlI and Balaban springs) with a distinct quality pattern. Accordingly, field parameters (temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity), major anion and cation (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate), heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, barium, chromium, cobalt, cupper, iron, lithium, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc), and isotopes (oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium) were determined in water samples taken from these springs during 2005 through 2007. The chemical analyses showed that aluminum concentrations were found to be two orders of magnitude greater in KirazlI waters (mean value 13813.25 μg/L). The levels of this element exceeded the maximum allowable limits given in national and international standards for drinking-water quality. In addition, Balaban and KirazlI springs are >55 years old according to their tritium levels; KirazlI spring is older than Balaban spring. KirazlI spring is also more enriched than Balaban spring based in oxygen-18 and deuterium values. Furthermore, KirazlI spring water has been in contact with altered rocks longer than Balaban spring water, according to its relatively high chloride and electrical conductivity values.Master Thesis Assessmanet of Exposure and Risk Associated With Trihalomethanes and Other Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water(Izmir Institute of Technology, 2005) Kavcar, Pınar; Sofuoğlu, Sait CemilConcentrations of 54 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in İzmir drinking water, and associated health risks due to ingestion of these compounds were investigated using a semi-probabilistic sampling design. 100 houses were visited in different districts of İzmir and drinking water samples were collected from consumer taps and bottled waters. Using questionnaires, demographics and drinking water consumption rates were determined. Individual and population based exposures and risks were estimated by employing deterministic and probabilistic approaches, respectively.Trihalomethanes (THMs) (i.e., chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform), benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and naphthalene were the most frequently detected VOCs in İzmir drinking water with concentrations ranging from below detection limit to 35 .g/l. None of the samples exceeded the maximum contaminant levels stated in the Turkish, European, and American drinking water regulations. For all VOCs, the concentrations measured in metropolitan area were greater than those in other districts. All THM species were detected in higher concentrations in tap water.Noncarcinogenic risks attributable to ingestion of VOCs in İzmir drinking water were negligible whereas the mean carcinogenic risk estimates for bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane were above the acceptable level of one in a million (10-6). Deterministic approach revealed that 23%, 29%, and 2% of individuals had lifetime cancer risks greater than 10-6 associated with ingestion of bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform, respectively. The results of this study show that exposures to drinking water contaminants and associated risks may be higher than the acceptable level even if the concentrations fall below the drinking water standards.