Sürdürülebilir Yeşil Kampüs Koleksiyonu / Sustainable Green Campus Collection
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Report İzmir Institute of Technology Sustainability Report 2023(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2023)The IZTECH Sustainable Green Campus Coordinatorship was founded in 2014. A search conference for a sustainable living campus with the tagline “happy campus” was held with the campus actors’ collective participation. However, it was not until December 2019 that a Framework on Sustainable Campus was defined. IZTECH has decided to apply the UI GreenMetric for critical self-evaluation and development in the field of sustainability in 2020 and continued to do so in 2021 and 2022 as well. With the motto of “happy campus, happy peninsula, happy Izmir,” the IZTECH Sustainable Green Campus Coordination group was formed. It consists of 12 academics including our rector, our academicians who are expert in the field and young and enthusiastic teaching assistants. Most importantly, our Coordinatorship continues today thanks to the support of eco motion and numerous other student communities. As a result, we are able to assure the sustainability of our campus through bottom-up development.Report İzmir Institute of Technology Sustainability Report 2022(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2022)İzmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) aims at creating a sustainable and resilient campus environment that outreaches the boundaries of the campus in order to serve the in-campus and out-campus communities alike. In line with this main aim, IZTECH has initiated application to the Greenmetric World University Ranking that was developed by Universitas Indonesia. Therefore, IZTECH has undertaken a gap analysis in terms of its sustainability performance by determining the current situation and the future targets. There were 6 main topics to investigate and eventually improve: Setting and Infrastructure, Energy and Climate, Waste, Water, Transportation, Education and Research. October 2022 marks IZTECH’s third year of application to the Greenmetric Ranking. • In its first year IZTECH was ranked 217th out of 912 institutions. • In its second year, IZTECH was ranked 198th out of 956. In order to determine the scopes to develop and improve from each ranking IZTECH endeavors to create a sustainable campus environment. With a motto of “happy campus, happy peninsula, happy Izmir”, the IZTECH Sustainable Green working group was set up – consisting of 35 volunteering academics, employers, researchers, assistants as well as 15 students from the Eco-motion Student initiative - for a sustainable future.Report İzmir Institute of Technology Sustainability Report 2021(01. Izmir Institute of Technology, 2021)İzmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) aims at creating a sustainable and resilient campus environment that outreaches the boundaries of the campus in order to serve the in-campus and out-campus communities alike. In line with this main aim, IZTECH has initiated application to the Greenmetric World University Ranking that was developed by Universitas Indonesia. Therefore, IZTECH has undertaken a gap analysis in terms of its sustainability performance by determining the current situation and the future targets. There were 6 main topics to investigate and eventually improve: Setting and Infrastructure, Energy and Climate, Waste, Water, Transportation, Education and Research. October 2021 marks IZTECH’s second year of application to the Greenmetric Ranking. In its first year IZTECH was ranked 217th out of 912 institutions. In order to determine the scopes to develop and improve from each rankingIZTECH endeavors to create a sustainable campus environmentArticle Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 20Groundwater Recharge Estimation Using Hydrus 1d Model in Alaşehir Sub-Basin of Gediz Basin in Turkey(Springer Verlag, 2019) Tonkul, Serhat; Baba, Alper; Şimşek, Celalettin; Durukan, Seda; Demirkesen, Ali Can; Tayfur, GökmenGediz Basin, located in the western part of Turkey constituting 2% land of the country, has an important groundwater potential in the area. Alasehir sub-basin, located in the southeast of the Gediz Basin and subject to the extensive withdrawal for the irrigation, constitutes the study area. Natural recharge to the sub-basin due to precipitation is numerically investigated in this study. For this purpose, 25 research wells, whose depths range from 20 to 50 m, were drilled to observe the recharge and collect the necessary field data for the numerical model. Meteorological data were collected from 3 weather stations installed in the study area. The numerical model HYDRUS was calibrated using the field water content data. Soil characterization was done on the core samples; the aquifer characterization was performed, and the alluvial aquifer recharge due to precipitation was calculated. As a result, the computed recharge value ranges from 21.78 to 68.52 mm, with an average value of 43.09 mm. According to the numerical model, this amount of recharge corresponds to 10% of the amount of annual rainfall.Article Citation - WoS: 3Ecophysiological Properties of Turkish Endemic Centaurea Consanguinea Dc.(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2019) Eskin, Bülent; Özyiğit, İbrahim İlker; Doğan, İlhan; Demir, Göksel; Yarcı, Celal; Serin, MemduhThis physiological and ecological study was performed on Centaurea consanguinea DC. to acquire information about certain characteristics (bioclimatic, edaphic, topographic, biotic etc.) of its habitat and distribution in Turkey, determine the requirements for germination, explore the soil-plant relations and obtain data on certain aspects of its population biology. Plant and co-located soil samples were collected from Amasya and Havza District (Samsun) in Turkey using standard methods. Various analyzes were employed for determining of physical, chemical and biological properties of the plant species and its co-located soils including pH, total protein and electrical conductivity (EC), soil texture, contents of mineral nutrition and other physical and chemical parameters and the results were presented. Nutrient amounts (in %) were found to be in the ranges of 0.01-0.007 for N, 0.0008-0.001 for P, 0.01-0.09 for K, 0.0002-0.0003 for Na in the soils and 2.25 for N, 0.0068 for P, 0.07 for K and 0.02 for Na in the plant, respectively. Also, it was observed that germination ratios of the seeds were depended on various factors.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 19Brominated Flame Retardants in a Computer Technical Service: Indoor Air Gas Phase, Submicron (pm1) and Coarse (pm10) Particles, Associated Inhalation Exposure, and Settled Dust(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Genişoğlu, Mesut; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Kurt Karakuş, Perihan Binnur; Birgül, Aşkın; Sofuoğlu, Sait CemilBrominated flame retardants (BFRs) are found in multi-media indoors, therefore, may pose serious risks to human health. This study investigated the occurrence of BFRs in particulate matter (PM1 and PM10) and gas phase by active and passive sampling, and settled dust to estimate potential exposure in a computer technical service. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their alternatives (novel BFRs, NBFRs) were studied. PM and gas phase were collected on glass fiber filters and polyurethane foam plugs, respectively, and analyzed with a GC/MS after extraction, clean-up, and concentration. Inhalation exposure of the staff was estimated based on the measured concentrations using Monte Carlo simulation. BDE-209 was the dominating PBDE congener in all media while bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane were those of NBFRs. Submicron particulate matter (PM1) BFR levels constituted about one half of the PM10-associated concentrations, while average PM10 mass concentration (69.9 μg m−3) was nine times that of PM1 (7.73 μg m−3). Calculated log10 dust-gas and PM-gas partitioning coefficients ranged from −5.03 to −2.10, −2.21 to −0.55, and −2.26 to −1.04 for settled dust, PM10, and PM1, respectively. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratios were >1 for all compounds indicating the strength of indoor sources in the service. The estimated potential inhalation exposures, for future chronic-toxic and carcinogenic risk assessments, indicated that the levels of gas-phase and PM1-associated exposures were similar at approximately one half of PM10-associated levels. Results of this study indicate that the occurrence of BFRs in all studied media should be taken into consideration for occupational health mitigation efforts.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2A Deterministic and Stochastic Assessment for Exposure and Risk of Arsenic Via Ingestion of Edible Crops(Springer Verlag, 2019) Can Terzi, Begüm; Gündüz, Orhan; Sofuoğlu, Sait CemilNatural arsenic contamination is a critical problem for various places around the world. Simav Plain (Kutahya, Turkey) is one such area that was shown to have natural arsenic contamination in its waters and soils. Arsenic exposure through ingestion of edible crops cultivated in Simav Plain and associated health risks were assessed in this study. To achieve this objective, arsenic levels in 18 crop species were estimated based on measured soil arsenic concentrations. Individual and aggregate non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with ingestion of arsenic-contaminated crops were then assessed with scenario-based deterministic point estimates and stochastic population estimates. Monte Carlo simulation was used for the estimation of population health risks. Accordingly, wheat was found as the highest-ranked crop specie for the both types of health risks, followed by tomato and potato, which are three of the most consumed crops in the region. The risk levels estimated in this study were relatively high, indicating consumption of crops grown in the plain may be posing significant health risks even at lower-bound estimates. Consuming wheat, tomato, potato, and their products from uncontaminated sources was found to reduce the aggregate risks up to 88% implicating the importance of proposing suitable management measures for similar risk-prone areas.Article Citation - WoS: 27Citation - Scopus: 28Fast Formation of Nitro-Pahs in the Marine Atmosphere Constrained in a Regional-Scale Lagrangian Field Experiment(American Chemical Society, 2019) Mulder, Marie D.; Dumanoğlu, Yetkin; Efstathiou, Christos; Kukucka, Petr; Matejovicova, Jana; Maurer, Christian; Pribylova, Petra; Prokes, Roman; Sofuoğlu, Aysun; Sofuoğlu, Sait Cemil; Wilson, Jake; Zetzsch, Cornelius; Wotawa, Gerhard; Lammel, GerhardPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some of their nitrated derivatives, NPAHs, are seemingly ubiquitous in the atmospheric environment. Atmospheric lifetimes may nevertheless vary within a wide range, and be as short as a few hours. The sources and sinks of NPAH in the atmosphere are not well understood. With a Lagrangian field experiment and modeling, we studied the conversion of the semivolatile PAHs fluoranthene and pyrene into the 2-nitro derivatives 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene in a cloud-free marine atmosphere on the time scale of hours to 1 day between a coastal and an island site. Chemistry and transport during several episodes was simulated by a Lagrangian box model i.e., a box model coupled to a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, FLEXPART-WRF. It is found that the chemical kinetic data do capture photochemical degradation of the 4-ring PAHs under ambient conditions on the time scale of hours to 1 day, while the production of the corresponding NPAH, which sustained 2-nitrofluoranthene/fluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene/pyrene yields of (3.7 ± 0.2) and (1.5 ± 0.1)%, respectively, is by far underestimated. Predicted levels of NPAH come close to observed ones, when kinetic data describing the reactivity of the OH-adduct were explored by means of theoretically based estimates. Predictions are also underestimated by 1-2 orders of magnitude, when NPAH/PAH yields reported from laboratory experiments conducted under high NOx conditions are adopted for the simulations. It is concluded that NPAH sources effective under low NOx conditions, are largely underestimated.Article Citation - WoS: 41Citation - Scopus: 43Chloride or Sulfate? Consequences for Ozonation of Textile Wastewater(Academic Press Inc., 2019) Öktem, Yalçın Aşkın; Yüzer, Burak; Aydın, Muhammed Iberia; Ökten, Hatice Eser; Meriç, Süreyya; Selçuk, HüseyinOzonation of chloride-rich textile wastewater is a common pretreatment practice in order to increase biodegradability and therefore meet the discharge limits. This study is the first to investigate ozone-chloride/bromide interactions and formation of hazardous adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) in real textile wastewater. Initially effect of ozonation on chloride-rich real textile wastewater samples were investigated for adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) formation, biodegradability and toxicity. After 15 min of ozonation, maximum levels of chlorine/bromine generation (0.3 mg/l) and AOX formation (399 mg/l) were reached. OUR and SOUR levels both increased by approximately 58%. Daphnia magna toxicity peaked at 100% for 10 min ozonated sample. Considering adverse effects of ozonation on chloride-rich textile industry effluents, we proposed replacement of NaCl with Na2SO4. Comparative ozonation experiments were carried out for both chloride and sulfate containing synthetic dyeing wastewater samples. Results showed that use of sulfate in reactive dyeing increased biodegradability and decreased acute toxicity. Although sulfate is preferred over chloride for more effective dyeing performance, the switch has been hampered due to sodium sulfate's higher unit cost. However, consideration of indirect costs such as contributions to biodegradability, toxicity, water and salt recovery shall facilitate textile industry's switch from chloride to sulfate.Article Citation - WoS: 40Citation - Scopus: 44Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection in a Double Skin Façade by Using Nodal Network Approach for Istanbul(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) İnan, Tuğba; Başaran, TahsinIn this study, temperature distribution and heat transfer through the cavity of a double skin façade (DSF) was investigated in the laboratory environment and analyzed numerically by using nodal network approach. The verification of the nodal network method was conducted by using data from the steady-state experiments and the same method was applied for the climate of Istanbul, Turkey under unsteady outside boundary conditions. Furthermore, heat gain and loss values in DSF for January and July were calculated and compared with single skin façade (SSF) application for different directions of the façades. The results were given for a day and a working time period of the office buildings by using monthly average daily climate data. Distinction working hours were more convenient to investigate the energy performance of DSF because of solar radiation effect. Using DSF in all directions, the cooling loads decreased up to 26% comparing to the SSF. DSF system was disadvantageous comparing to the SSF for January. However, it was shown that the heated air in the cavity could be used for preheating process of air in a HVAC system for winter period.