Molecular Biology and Genetics / Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/9
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Article Citation - Scopus: 18Organogenesis From Transformed Tomato Explants(Humana Press, 2005) Frary, Anne; Van Eck, JoyceTomato was one of the first crops for which a genetic transformation system was reported involving regeneration by organogenesis from Agrobacterium-transformed explants. Since the initial reports, various factors have been studied that affect the efficiency of tomato transformation and the technique has been useful for the isolation and identification of many genes involved in plant disease resistance, morphology and development. In this method, cotyledon explants from in vitro-grown seedlings are precultured overnight on a tobacco suspension feeder layer. The explants are then inoculated with Agrobacterium and returned to the feeder layer for a 2-d period of cocultivation. After cocultivation, the explants are transferred to an MS-based selective regeneration medium containing zeatin. Regenerated shoots are then rooted on a separate selective medium. This protocol has been used with several tomato cultivars and routinely yields transformation efficiencies of 10-15%.Article Citation - WoS: 86Citation - Scopus: 102Total Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Contents in Different Turkish Eggplant (solanum Melongena L.) Cultivars(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2009) Ökmen, Bilal; Şığva, Hasan Özgür; Mutlu, Sevgi; Doğanlar, Sami; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; Frary, AnneIn this study, total water soluble antioxidant activity and phenolic content of 26 eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars were investigated. Total water soluble antioxidant activity of the cultivars varied from 2664 to 8247 molTrolox/kg, which is a 3.1-fold difference. Cultivars also showed significant variation for total phenolic contents ranging from 615 to 1376 mg/kg, a 2.2-fold difference. The two traits were significantly correlated and results of this study suggested that breeders can use the information to develop eggplant cultivars with high antioxidant activity.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 26Development of Practical Hplc Methods for the Separation and Determination of Eggplant Steroidal Glycoalkaloids and Their Aglycones(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2008) Eanes, Ritchie C.; Tek, Neslihan; Kırsoy, Öyküm; Frary, Anne; Doğanlar, Sami; Almeida, Adelia E.A practical set of HPLC methods was developed for the separation and determination of the eggplant steroidal glycoalkaloids, solanine, chaconine, solasonine, solamargine, and their aglycones, solasodine and solanidine. A gradient method was initially developed, but proved to be neither robust nor practical. Three separate isocratic methods using acetonitrile and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate were developed and shown to be more repeatable, less subject to fluctuations in mobile phase composition, and less time consuming. The effect of adjusting buffer pH, column temperature, and buffer type (triethylammonium phosphate vs. ammonium dihydrogen phosphate) were evaluated. It was also discovered that, by addition of 10% methanol to the acetonitrile portion of the mobile phase, more control over the separations was possible. The use of methanol as a mobile phase entrainer greatly improved separations in some cases and its effectiveness was also dependent upon column temperature. Assessments of the method recovery, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation were made using extracts from S. melongena and S. linnaeanum.Article Citation - WoS: 14Citation - Scopus: 23Water-Soluble Antioxidant Potential of Turkish Pepper Cultivars(American Society for Horticultural Science, 2008) Frary, Anne; Keçeli, Mehmet Ali; Ökmen, Bilal; Şığva, Hasan Özgür; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; Doğanlar, SamiIn this work, 29 pepper cultivars that represent the diversity of types and varieties grown in Turkey were analyzed for water-soluble antioxidant capacity and phenolic and vitamin C contents. In addition, 14 non-Turkish cultivars were tested for comparison. Significant diversity was observed in the different cultivars with the most variation (7.4-fold) seen for total antioxidant capacity, which ranged from 2.57 to 18.96 mmol Trolox/kg. Vitamin C content for the peppers ranged from 522 to 1631 mg·kg-1, a 3.1-fold difference, whereas total phenolic content for the pepper cultivars ranged from 607 to 2724 mg·kg-1, a 4.5-fold difference. When cultivars were grouped by morphology/ use, it was found that some types had significantly more variation and higher antioxidant activities than other types. Thus, for water-soluble antioxidant capacity, most variation was seen in long, blunt-ended Çarliston types, whereas long, pointed Sivri peppers had the highest mean capacity. Bell-shaped Dolmalik and Sivri peppers had the most variation for phenolic content, but fancy Süs and Sivri types had the highest means for this trait. Dolmalik types showed the most variation for vitamin C content, whereas Süs and Sivri peppers had the highest means for this character. All three parameters were significantly and positively correlated with the strongest correlation between total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content (r = 0.71). The presence of significant variation for antioxidant content in Turkish germplasm indicates that this material can be used for improvement and genetic mapping of nutritional content in pepper.Article Citation - Scopus: 2Identification of Potato Y Potyvirus (pvy°) Resistance in Wild and Cultivated Tomatoes(Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009) Çelebi Toprak, Fevziye; Barutçu, Eminur; Frary, Anne; Doğanlar, SamiPotato Y potyvirus (PVY) is an important plant pathogen worldwide that infects and causes yield losses in the family Solanaceae including potato (Solarium tuberosum), pepper (Capsicum spp.), tomato (S. lycopersicum), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In this study, 20 different tomato accessions representing 6 different species were mechanically inoculated with PVY°. The plants were scored visually for symptoms and then tested for presence of the virus 2-4 weeks after inoculation by ELISA. The results were variable. Most wild species of tomato sustained PVY° replication in inoculated leaves. Some of the wild species showed an immune response, while some became systemically infected. Inoculation and analysis of F2 populations suggested that the resistance is controlled by a single recessive gene in different wild species.Article Citation - WoS: 64Citation - Scopus: 82Advanced Backcross Qtl Analysis of a Lycopersicon Esculentum X L. Pennellii Cross and Identification of Possible Orthologs in the Solanaceae(Springer Verlag, 2004) Frary, Anne; Fulton, Theresa M.; Zamir, Dani; Tanksley, Steven D.In this study, the advanced backcross QTL (AB-QTL) mapping strategy was used to identify loci for yield, processing and fruit quality traits in a population derived from the interspecific cross Lycopersicon esculentum E6203 x Lycopersicon pennellii accession LA1657. A total of 175 BC2 plants were genotyped with 150 molecular markers and BC2F1 plots were grown and phenotyped for 25 traits in three locations in Israel and California, U.S.A. A total of 84 different QTLs were identified, 45% of which have been possibly identified in other wild-species-derived populations of tomato. Moreover, three fruit-weight/size and shape QTLs (fs2b.1, fw3.1/fsz3.1 andfs8.1) appear to have putative orthologs in the related solanaceous species, pepper and eggplant. For the 23 traits for which allelic effects could be deemed as favorable or unfavorable, 26% of the identified loci had L. pennellii alleles that enhanced the performance of the elite parent. Alleles that could be targeted for further introgression into cultivated tomato were also identified.Article Citation - WoS: 28Citation - Scopus: 37Comparative Fine Mapping of Fruit Quality Qtls on Chromosome 4 Introgressions Derived From Two Wild Tomato Species(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004) Yates, Heather E.; Frary, Anne; Doğanlar, Sami; Frampton, Anna; Eannetta, Nancy T.; Uhlig, John; Tanksley, Steven D.Despite their unsuitability for agricultural production, the wild relatives of crop species represent a largely untapped resource of novel QTLs potentially useful for crop plant improvement. In this regard, previous introgression studies, involving several different wild tomato species, have shown that the long arm of chromosome 4 contains QTLs for many horticulturally important traits including soluble solids content, fruit shape, lycopene content and biochemical composition. However, these earlier studies were unable to determine how many genes control these traits and whether genes affecting the same character from different wild species are allelic or not. In an effort to shed light on these issues, we have constructed a series of lines containing small, overlapping introgressions for portions of the long arm of chromosome 4 from L. peruvianum and L. hirsutum and tested these lines in replicated field trials. The results provide evidence for multiple, non-allelic loci controlling soluble solids and fruit weight. They also show that the loci controlling some traits (e.g. fruit shape, fruit weight, epidermal reticulation) co-localize to the same portions of chromosome 4, a result that may be attributed to pleiotropy and/or gene dense areas with lower than average recombination. The implications of these finding for molecular breeding and utilization of exotic germplasm are discussed.Article Citation - WoS: 34Citation - Scopus: 45Fine Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Improved Fruit Characteristics From Lycopersicon Chmielewskii Chromosome 1(National Research Council of Canada, 2003) Frary, Anne; Doğanlar, Sami; Frampton, Anna; Fulton, Theresa M.; Uhlig, John W.; Yates, Heather E.; Tanksley, Steven D.The near-isogenic line (NIL) TA1150 contains a 56-cM introgression from Lycopersicon chmielewskii chromosome 1 and has several interesting phenotypic characteristics including fruit with orange color, high levels of soluble solids, thick pericarp, small stem scars, and good firmness. A set of overlapping recombinant lines (subNILs) was developed and field tested to fine map the quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these traits. The results indicated that the solids, pericarp thickness, and firmness QTL are distinct from the color locus. Several of the QTL mapped in this study, including the soluble-solids QTL, probably correspond to QTL mapped in other wild species of tomato. However, analysis of a set of TA523 subNILs containing complementary introgressions from Lycopesicon hirsutum chromosome 1 suggests that this wild species may contain a different locus for improved soluble solids. Thus, it might be possible to combine the L. chmielewskii and L. hirsutum alleles for these loci in a single line with the potential for extremely highly soluble solids. The TA1150 subNIL TA1688 contains the smallest introgression of the solids locus (approximately 19 cM), as well as the pericarp thickness and firmness QTL, with a yield that was equivalent to two of the three control lines. Isolation of recombinant subNILs from TA1688 should break the linkage between orange color and high solids and provide a small introgressed segment for marker-assisted breeding and genetic improvement of processing tomato.Article Citation - WoS: 67Citation - Scopus: 81Qtl Analysis of Morphological Traits in Eggplant and Implications for Conservation of Gene Function During Evolution of Solanaceous Species(Springer Verlag, 2003) Frary, Anne; Doğanlar, Sami; Daunay, Marie-Christine; Tanksley, Steven D.An interspecific F2 population from a cross between cultivated eggplant, Solanum melongena, and its wild relative, S. linnaeanum, was analyzed for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting leaf, flower, fruit and plant traits. A total of 58 plants were genotyped for 207 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers and phenotyped for 18 characters. One to eight loci were detected for each trait with a total of 63 QTL identified. Overall, 46% of the QTL had allelic effects that were the reverse of those predicted from the parental phenotypes. Wild alleles that were agronomically superior to the cultivated alleles were identified for 42% of the QTL identified for flowering time, flower and fruit number, fruit set, calyx size and fruit glossiness. Comparison of the map positions of eggplant loci with those for similar traits in tomato, potato and pepper revealed that 12 of the QTL have putative orthologs in at least one of these other species and that putative orthology was most often observed between eggplant and tomato. Traits showing potential orthology were: leaf length, shape and lobing; days to flowering; number of flowers per inflorescence; plant height and apex, leaf and stem hairiness. The functionally conserved loci included a major leaf lobing QTL (llob6.1) that is putatively orthologous to the potato leaf (c) and/or Petroselinum (Pts) mutants of tomato, two flowering time QTL (dtf1.1, dtf2.1) that also have putative counterparts in tomato and four QTL for trichomes that have potential orthologs in tomato and potato. These results support the mounting evidence of conservation of gene function during the evolution of eggplant and its relatives from their last common ancestor and indicate that this conservation was not limited to domestication traitsArticle Citation - Scopus: 34Comparative Genetics of Crop Plant Domestication and Evolution(Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2003) Frary, Anne; Doğanlar, SamiDomesticated species differ from their wild ancestors and relatives for a set of traits that is known as the domestication syndrome. The most important syndrome traits include growth habit, flowering time, seed dispersal, gigantism and morphological diversity. This paper reviews what is known about the genetic control of domestication traits with an emphasis on comparative analyses that examine this control in two or more crop species. Such analyses indicate that although most domestication traits are quantitatively controlled, the dramatic morphological changes that accompanied domestication may be due to relatively few genes. These studies also show that domestication genes have been functionally conserved over thousands of years and have similar, although not identical, effects in various species