Molecular Biology and Genetics / Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Gas Phase Fragmentation Behavior of Proline in Macrocyclic B7 Ions(American Chemical Society, 2023) Taşoğlu, Çağdaş; Arslanoğlu, Alper; Yalçın, TalatThefragmentation characteristics of b (7) ionsproduced from proline-containing heptapeptides have been studiedin detail. The study has utilized the following C-terminally amidatedmodel peptides: PA(6), APA(5), A(2)PA(4), A(3)PA(3), A(4)PA(2), A(5)PA, A(6)P, PYAGFLV, PAGFLVY, PGFLVYA, PFLVYAG,PLVYAGF, PVYAGFL, YPAGFLV, YAPGFLV, YAGPFLV, YAGFPLV, YAGFLPV, YAGFLVP,PYAFLVG, PVLFYAG, A(2)PXA(3), and A(2)XPA(3) (where X = C, D, F, G, L, V, and Y, respectively). The resultshave shown that b (7) ions undergo head-to-tailcyclization and form a macrocyclic structure. Under the collision-induceddissociation (CID) condition, it generates nondirect sequence ionsregardless of the position of the proline and the neighboring aminoacid residues. This study highlights the unusual and unique fragmentationbehavior of proline-containing heptapeptides. Following the head-to-tailcyclization, the ring opens up and places the proline residue in theN-terminal position while forming a regular oxazolone form of b (2) ions for all peptide series. Then, the fragmentationreaction pathway is followed by the elimination of proline with itsC-terminal neighbor residue as an oxazolone (e.g., PXoxa) for all proline-containing peptide series.Research Project Proton Kopartılmış Peptit Türevlerinin Gaz Fazı Reaksiyon Mekanizmalarının Kütle Spektrometre ile İncelenmesi(2014) Yalçın, Talat; Arslanoğlu, AlperProteinler canlı organizmalardaki yaşamsal faliyetleri etkileyen ve düzenleyen en önemli yapı taşlarındandır. Hastalıklarda, kalp krizinde, stres altında v.b., hücrelereki protein seviyelerinde ve çeşitliliğinde değişmeler gözlenebilmektedir. Bu tür proteinlerin fonksiyonlarını anlayabilmek için protein sekanslarının doğru tanımlanması çok önemlidir. Özellikle hücre içi sinyal iletimi fosforlanmış proteinler vasıtasıyla yapılmaktadır ve fosforlanmış proteinlerdeki fosfor grubunun hangi pozisyondaki (serin, S, tirozin , Y, veya tironin, T) amino asite bağlandığını belirleme ve sekansın doğru yapılması, proteinin fonksiyonunu anlamak açısından önemli gerekliliktir. Günümüzde proteinlerin enzimlerle kesilmesi ile elde edilen peptitlerden elde edilen gaz fazı Kütle Spektrometre sinyalleri (pozitif ve/veya negatif iyonlar) yardımı ile peptitlerin sekanslarını ve dolayısıyla proteinlerin amino asit dizilimleri tanımlanmaya çalışılmaktadır ve doğru tanımlayabilmek açısından gaz fazı parçalanma mekanizmalarının çok detaylı çalışılması, yeni informatik bilgiler elde etme açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, proton kopartılmış peptit türevlerinin gaz fazı reaksiyon mekanizmaları kütle spektrometre yardımı ile çalışılmıştır. Çalışmalar sırasında XAAAAAA-OH, AXAAAAA-OH, AAXAAAA-OH, AAAAXAA-OH, AAAAAXA-OH, AAAAAAX-OH, XAAAAAA-NH2, AXAAAAANH2, AAXAAAA-NH2, AAAAXAA-NH2, AAAAAXA-NH2, AAAAAAX-NH2 ve XYAGFLV-OH, YXAGFLV-OH, YAXGFLV-OH, YAGXFLV-OH, YAGFXLV-OH, YAGFLXV-OH ve YAGFLVXOH (X=Glutamik Asit, E, veya Aspartik Asi D) peptit serileri, sekanslarında tekli asidik amino asit içeren peptitlerle, sistematik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Amino asidin pozisyona bağlı gaz fazı parçalanma mekanizması ve ayrıca komşu amino asitlerin yan zincirlerinin gaz fazı parçalanmasına etkileride incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, sekanslarında birden fazla asidik amino asit içeren peptit türevleriylede sistematik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar içinde, XXYAGFLV-OH, YXXAGFLV-OH, YAXXGFLVOH, YAGXXFLV-OH, YAGFXXLV-OH, YAGFLXXV-OH, YAGFLVXX-OH, (X=Glutamik Asit, E, veya Aspartik Asi D) VE XXXYAGFLV-OH, YXXXAGFLV-OH, YAXXXGFLV-OH, YAGXXXFLV-OH, YAGFXXXLV-OH, YAGFLXXXV-OH, YAGFLVXXXOH, (X=Glutamik Asit, E, veya Aspartik Asi D) peptit türevleri kullanılmıştır. Burada da birden fazla asidik amino asit içeren peptit türevlerinin pozisyon etkisi ve komşu aminoasitlerin yan zincilerinin gaz fazı parçalanma mekanizmasına etkileri detaylandırılmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak, YAGFLVEEEE-OH ve YAGFLVEEEEE-OH peptit türevleriyle çalışılmalar yapılmıştır ve etkileri detaylandırılmıştır. Ayrıca sekanslarında serine, S, tirozine, Y, treonin, T, bulunduran peptit türevleri ilede fosforlanmış peptitlerin gaz fazı parçalanma mekanizmaları çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma için, AEKEpYTVD-OH, IETDKEpYT-OH, SKDESIpYV-OH, DMTpSGLPL-OH, KELLPLpSA-OH, YDMTTpSLP-OH, ve YDMpTGLPLOH fosforlanmış peptit türevleri kullanılmıştır.Research Project Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.’da boron hiperakümülasyonu ve tolerans mekanizmalarının proteomiks yaklaşım kullanarak anlaşılması(2017) Yalçın, Talat; Frary, Anne; Allmer, JensBor hem yüksek hem düsük konsantrasyonlarında bitkilerde büyüme bozukluklarına ve verim kaybına neden olmaktadır. Yüksek bor konsantrasyonundan kaynaklanan problemlerin giderilmesi için gerçeklestirilen; topragın yıkanması, topragın çinko ile zenginlestirilmesi gibi yöntemlerin bu sorunun giderilmesinde yetersiz kaldıgı gözlemlenmistir. Dünya bor rezervlerinin %71,3?üne sahip olan Türkiye?de bor toksisitesi, önemli bir tarımsal sorundur ve ülkenin belirli bölgelerindeki birçok tarım bitkinin verimini azaltmakta ve kullanılabilir tarım alanlarını kısıtlamaktadır. Dayanıklı tür belirlemeye yönelik yapılan arastırmalar sonucunda Türkiye?de bor madenlerinin bulundugu arazilerde büyüyebilen ve yüksek bor toksisitesine tolerans gösteren Puccinellia distans (çorak çimi) tanımlanmıstır. Tarımsal olarak ekonomik bir degeri olmamasına ragmen, yakın zamanda gerçeklestirilen fizyolojik çalısmaların ısıgında bünyesinde yüksek miktarlarda bor biriktirebildigi bulunmustur. Bu bitki türü ile transkriptomik düzeyde çalısılmıstır fakat üzerinde daha önce proteomik düzeyde herhangi bir çalısma gerçeklestirilmemistir. Bu projede, Puccinelia distans bitkisindeki bor toksisitesine karsı toleransta rol oynayan mekanizmalar proteomik (proteinlerin farklı ekspresiyon profillerinin çıkarılması) yaklasımla incelenmistir. Puccinellia distans bitkisindeki bor toksisitesine dayanıklılık mekanizmalarını ortaya çıkarmak için bor stresine maruz bırakılmıs bitkiler ile normal sartlarda yetistirilmis bitkilerin kök ve yapraklarından izole edilen proteinler incelenmistir. Ifadelenmesi farklı bulunan proteinlerin tanımlanması için etiketsiz (label-free) kütle spektrometresi ile ölçümler yapılmıstır. Puccinelia distans transkriptomu, Arabidopsis thaliana ve Oryza sativa proteinleri ve de novo dizileme sonuçlarında olusan bir veritabanı kullanılarak kütle spektrometre verileri analiz edilmistir, peptitler ve dolayısıyla proteinler tanımlanmıstır. Çalısma sonucunda boron transportundan sorumlu aquaporin proteinleri, tonoplastlar tanımlanmıs ve karbohidrat, lipid, protein yıkım, oksidatif stres, hormonal sinyal transdüksiyonu gibi metabolik yolların stres kosullarından etkilendigi tespit edilmistir.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Development of Ab3-Type Novel Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Photosensitizers Conjugated With Triphenylphosphonium for Higher Photodynamic Efficacy(American Chemical Society, 2022) Albakour, Mohamad; Önal, Emel; Tüncel, Özge; Erdoğan, İpek; Gümüşgöz Çelik, Gizem; Küçük, Tuǧba; Akgül, Bünyamin; Gürek, Ayşe Gül; Özçelik, SerdarThere are a number of lipophilic cations that can be chosen; the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ion is particularly unique for mitochondrion targeting, mainly due to its simplicity in structure and ease to be linked to the target molecules. In this work, mitochondrion-targeted AB3-type novel phthalocyanine and porphyrin photosensitizers (PSs) were synthesized and their photophysical photochemical properties were defined. Fluorescence quantum yields (φF) are 0.009, 0.14, 0.13, and 0.13, and the singlet-oxygen quantum yields (φΔ) are 0.27, 0.75, 0.57, and 0.58 for LuPcPox(OAc), AB3TPP-Pc, AB3TPP-Por-C4, and AB3TPP-Por-C6, respectively. To evaluate the photodynamic efficacy of the TPP-conjugated PS cell viabilities of A549 and BEAS-2B lung cells were comparatively measured and IC-50 values were determined. AB3TPP-Por-C4, AB3TPP-Por-C6, and AB3TPP-Pc compounds compared to the reference molecules ZnPc and H2TPP were found to be highly cytotoxic (sub-micromolar concentration) under the light. LuPcPox(OAc) is the most effective molecule regarding cell killing (the activity). The cell killing of the TPP-conjugated porphyrin derivatives exhibits a similar response compared to LuPcPox(OAc) when the light absorbing factor of the PS is normalized at 660 nm: TPP-conjugated porphyrins absorb less light (lower extinction coefficient) but produce more radical species (higher singlet-oxygen quantum yield) and therefore effectively kill the cells. The singlet oxygen-producing capacity of AB3TPP-Pc is almost 3 times higher compared to LuPcPox(OAc) and 50% more efficient with respect to ZnPc, suggesting that TPP-conjugated phthalocyanine may serve as a good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The high singlet oxygen generation capacity of these novel TPP-conjugated porphyrin and phthalocyanine PS suggests that they might be useful for PDT requiring lower photosensitizer concentration and reduced energy deposited through less light exposure.Article Gas-Phase Fragmentation Reactions of A7 Ions Containing a Glutamine Residue(Wiley-Blackwell, 2021) Atik, Ahmet; Arslanoğlu, Alper; Yalçın, Talat; Atik, Ahmet; Arslanoğlu, Alper; Yalçın, TalatThe gas-phase fragmentation reactions of the a7 ions derived from glutamine (Q) containing model heptapeptides have been studied in detail with low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Specifically, the positional effect of the Q residue has been investigated on the fragmentation reactions of a7 ions. The study involves two sets of permuted isomers of the Q containing model heptapeptides. The first set contains the QAAAAAA sequence, and the second set involves of QYAGFLV sequence, where the position of the Q residue is changed from N- to C-terminal gradually for both peptide series. An intense loss of ammonia from the a7 ions followed by internal amino acid eliminations strongly supports forming the imine-amides structure via cyclization/rearrangement reaction for all studied a7 ions. This is in agreement with the pioneering study reported by Bythell et al. (2010, 10.1021/ja101556g). A novel rearrangement reaction is detected upon fragmentation of imine-amide structure, which yields a protonated C-terminal amidated hexapeptide excluding the Q residue. A possible fragmentation mechanism was proposed to form the protonated C-terminal amidated hexapeptide, assisted via nucleophilic attack of the side chain amide nitrogen of the Q residue on its N-protonated imine carbon atom of the rearranged imine-amide structure. Highlights: The gas-phase fragmentation reactions of a7 ions obtained from protonated model peptides containing glutamine residue were studied by ESI-MS/MS. A rearranged imine-amide structure is the predominant even for a7 ions. Novel rearrangement reaction is observed which forms a protonated C-terminal amidated hexapeptide excluding Q residue upon fragmentation of the imine-amide structure.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Novel 2 '-alkoxymethyl Substituted Klavuzon Derivatives as Inhibitors of Topo I and Crm1(Academic Press, 2020) Çetinkaya, Hakkı; Yıldız, Mehmet Salih; Kutluer, Meltem; Alkan, Aylin; Otaş, Hasan Ozan; Çağır, AliIn this work, 2'-alkoxymethyl substituted klavuzon derivatives were prepared starting from 2-methyl-1-naphthoic acid in eight steps. Anticancer potencies of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by performing MTT cell viability test over cancerous and healthy pancreatic cell lines, along with CRM1 inhibitory properties in HeLa cells by immunostaining and Topo I inhibition properties by supercoiled DNA relaxation assay. Their cytotoxic activities were also presented in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HuH-7) derived 3D spheroids. Among the tested klavuzon derivatives, isobutoxymethyl substituted klavuzon showed the highest selectivity of cytotoxic activity against pancreatic cancer cell line. They showed potent Topo I inhibition while their CRM1 inhibitory properties somehow diminished compared to 4'-alkylsubstituted klavuzons. The most cytotoxic 2'-methoxymethyl derivative inhibited the growth of the spheroids derived from HuH-7 cell lines and PI staining exhibited time and concentration dependent cell death in 3D spheroids.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 11A New Drug Testing Platform Based on 3d Tri-Culture in Lab-On Devices(Elsevier, 2020) Gökçe, Begüm; Akçok, İsmail; Çağır, Ali; Pesen Okvur, DevrimDrug discovery has a 90% rate of failure because preclinical platforms for drug testing do not mimic the in vivo conditions. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used drug to treat breast cancer patients even though it has side effects. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices provide spatial control at the micrometer scale and can thus emulate the cancer microenvironment. Here, using a multidisciplinary approach, a new drug testing platform based on 3D tri-culture in LOC devices was developed. Breast cancer cells alone or with normal mammary epithelial cells and macrophages were cultured in matrigel in LOC devices. The platform was used to test DOX and (R)-4'-methylklavuzon (KLA), which is a new anti-cancer drug candidate. Results showed that DOX and KLA were equally effective on breast cancer cells in 3D monoculture. KLA produced 26% less death for breast cancer cells than DOX in 3D tri-culture. More importantly, DOX was not selective between breast cancer cells and normal mammary epithelial cells in 3D tri- culture whereas KLA caused 56% less cell death than DOX for normal mammary epithelial cells. Results strongly recommend that 3D tri-culture in LOC devices be used for assessment of drug toxicity at the preclinical stage.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 8Synthesis and Topoisomerase I Inhibitory Properties of Klavuzon Derivatives(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Akçok, İsmail; Mete, Derya; Şen, Ayhan; Kasaplar, Pınar; Korkmaz, Kemal S.; Çağır, AliKlavuzon is a naphthalen-1-yl substituted α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone derivative, and is one of the anti-proliferative members of this class of compounds. Asymmetric and racemic syntheses of novel α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone derivatives are important to investigate their potential for the treatment of cancer. In this study, asymmetric and racemic syntheses of heteroatom-substituted klavuzon derivatives are reported. The syntheses were completed by a well-known three-step procedure. Anti-proliferative activity of seven novel racemic klavuzon derivatives were reported against MCF-7, PC3, HCT116 p53+/+ and HCT116 p53−/− cancer cell lines. Topoisomerase I inhibitory properties of 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives were also studied. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 9Crm1 Inhibitory and Antiproliferative Activities of Novel 4'-alkyl Substituted Klavuzon Derivatives(Elsevier Ltd., 2017) Kanbur, Tuğçe; Kara, Murat; Kutluer, Meltem; Şen, Ayhan; Delman, Murat; Alkan, Aylin; Otaş, Hasan Ozan; Akçok, İsmail; Çağır, AliKlavuzons are 6-(naphthalen-1-yl) substituted 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one derivatives showing promising antiproliferative activities in variety of cancer cell lines. In this work, racemic syntheses of nine novel 4′-alkyl substituted klavuzon derivatives were completed in eight steps and anticancer properties of these compounds were evaluated. It is found that size of the substituent has dramatic effect over the potency and selectivity of the cytotoxic activity in cancerous and healthy pancreatic cell lines. The size of the substituent can also effect the CRM1 inhibitory properties of klavuzon derivatives. Strong cytotoxic activity and CRM1 inhibition can be observed only when a small substituent present at 4′-position of naphthalen-1-yl group. However, these substituents makes the molecule more cytotoxic in healthy pancreatic cells rather than cancerous pancreatic cells. Among the tested compounds 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthren-9-yl substituted lactone was the most cytotoxic compound and its antiproliferative activity was also tested in 3D spheroids generated from HuH-7 cell lines.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Changes in Protein Profiles of Multiple Myeloma Cells in Response To Bortezomib(Informa Healthcare, 2013) Turan, Taylan; Şanlı Mohamed, Gülşah; Baran, YusufThe objective of this study was to determine the changes in protein profiles of U-266 multiple myeloma cells in response to bortezomib. Bortezomib inhibited cell proliferation and increased the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner. DECODON Delta2D Version 4.3 software demonstrated 37 differentially expressed protein spots: five proteins were newly formed, 10 proteins were lost, 12 proteins were up-regulated and 10 proteins were down-regulated in bortezomib-treated cells as compared to untreated cells. Some of the identified proteins after mass spectrometric analysis were as follows: apoptosis regulatory protein Siva (newly formed), caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 14 (lost), Ras-related protein Rab-25 (up-regulated), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p105 subunit (down-regulated). In summary, differentially expressed proteins of MM U-266 cells in response to bortezomib were analyzed and identified. The data obtained from this study may indicate the use of bortezomib for the treatment of various diseases.