Molecular Biology and Genetics / Moleküler Biyoloji ve Genetik

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/9

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Institution Author: search.filters.institutionAuthor.Koç, Ahmet

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 30
  • Research Project
    Sistemik Mantar İlaçlarına Karşı Gelişen İlaç Dirençlilik Mekanizmalarının Belirlenmesi
    (2015) Koç, Ahmet; Ercan, İlkcan; Işık, Çiğdem
    [No Abstract Available]
  • Research Project
    Afrika yeşil maymunu CV-1 hücre hatlarında, HIV-1 tat proteini varlığında üretilen SLPI proteininin insan hücre hatlarındaki üretiminin incelenmesi ve HIV-1 LTR promotoruna etkisinin araştırılması
    (2017) Arslanoğlu, Alper; Koç, Ahmet; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar
    Projemiz, HIV-1 enfeksiyonuna dirençli oldukları bilinen Afrika Yeşil Maymunu hücrelerinde daha önce varlığı tespit edilmemiş HIV-1 engelleyici protein veya proteinlerin varlığını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Söz konusu proteinlerin hücre içi bağışıklık mekanizmaları tarafından virüs varlığının algılanmasından sonra üretilmesi ihtimali göz önüne alındığında, HIV-1 ile enfekte olan hücrelerde ilk üretilen iki viral proteinden birisi olan Tat proteininin varlığı virüs enfeksiyonunun belirteci olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, iki boyutlu poliakrilamid jel elektroforezi ve kütle spektrometrisi kullanılarak yapılan proteomik ön çalışmalarımız, ardından da proje kapsamında yaptığımız Western blot ve gerçek zamanlı PZR çalışmaları neticesinde, maymun hücrelerinde SLPI proteininin HIV-1 Tat varlığında arttığı, ancak insan hücrelerinde herhangi bir değişiklik olmadığı gözlenmiştir. SLPI proteininin, Reporter gen kullanımıyla yapılan trankripsiyon transaktivasyon analizleri neticesinde HIV-1 promotoru üzerine baskılayıcı etkisi olduğu anlaşılmış, enfeksiyon deneylerinde de HIV-1 üretimini belirgin olarak azalttığı gösterilmiştir.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 2
    Citation - Scopus: 2
    Identification of Novel Arsenic Resistance Genes in Yeast
    (Wiley, 2022) Işık, Esin; Balkan, Çiğdem; Karl, Vivien; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Hua, Sansan; Rauch, Sebastien; Tamás, Markus J; Koç, Ahmet
    Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that affects human health by causing numerous diseases and by being used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) has been extensively utilized to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic toxicity and resistance in eukaryotes. In this study, we applied a genomic DNA overexpression strategy to identify yeast genes that provide arsenic resistance in wild-type and arsenic-sensitive S. cerevisiae cells. In addition to known arsenic-related genes, our genetic screen revealed novel genes, including PHO86, VBA3, UGP1, and TUL1, whose overexpression conferred resistance. To gain insights into possible resistance mechanisms, we addressed the contribution of these genes to cell growth, intracellular arsenic, and protein aggregation during arsenate exposure. Overexpression of PHO86 resulted in higher cellular arsenic levels but no additional effect on protein aggregation, indicating that these cells efficiently protect their intracellular environment. VBA3 overexpression caused resistance despite higher intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels. Overexpression of UGP1 led to lower intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels while TUL1 overexpression had no impact on intracellular arsenic or protein aggregation levels. Thus, the identified genes appear to confer arsenic resistance through distinct mechanisms but the molecular details remain to be elucidated.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 9
    Citation - Scopus: 10
    Characterization of Long Living Yeast Deletion Mutants That Lack Mitochondrial Metabolism Genes Dss1, Ppa2 and Afg3
    (Elsevier, 2019) Muid, Khandaker Ashfaqul; Kimyon, Önder; Reza, Shahadat Hasan; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Koç, Ahmet
    Molecular mechanisms of aging and longevity are still mostly unknown. Mitochondria play central roles in cellular metabolism and aging. In this study, we identified three deletion mutants of mitochondrial metabolism genes (ppa2 Delta, dss1 Delta, and afg3 Delta) that live longer than wild-type cells. These long-lived cells harbored significantly decreased amount of mitochondria] DNA (mtDNA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared to the serpentine nature of wild-type mitochondria, a different dynamics and distribution pattern of mitochondria were observed in the mutants. Both young and old long-lived cells produced relatively low but adequate levels of ATP for cellular activities. The status of the retrograde signaling was checked by expression of CIT2 gene and found activated in long-lived mutants. The mutant cells were also profiled for their gene expression patterns, and genes that were differentially regulated were determined. All long-lived cells comprised similar pleiotropic phenotype regarding mitochondrial dynamics and functions. Thus, this study suggests that DSS1, PPA2, and AFG3 genes modulate the lifespan by altering the mitochondrial morphology and functions.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 7
    Citation - Scopus: 9
    Genomewide Elucidation of Drug Resistance Mechanisms for Systemically Used Antifungal Drugs Amphotericin B, Caspofungin, and Voriconazole in the Budding Yeast
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2019) Balkan, Çiğdem; Ercan, İlkcan; Işık, Esin; Akdeniz, Esra Şahin; Balcıoğlu, Orhan; Kodedova, Marie; Koç, Ahmet
    There are only a few antifungal drugs used systemically in treatment, and invasive fungal infections that are resistant to these drugs are an emerging problem in health care. In this study, we performed a high-copy-number genomic DNA (gDNA) library screening to find and characterize genes that reduce susceptibility to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified the PDR16 and PMP3 genes for amphotericin B, the RMD9 and SWH1 genes for caspofungin, and the MRS3 and TRI1 genes for voriconazole. The deletion mutants for PDR16 and PMP3 were drug susceptible, but the other mutants had no apparent susceptibility. Quantitative-PCR analyses suggested that the corresponding drugs upregulated expression of the PDR16, PMP3, SWH1, and MRS3 genes. To further characterize these genes, we also profiled the global expression patterns of the cells after treatment with the antifungals and determined the genes and paths that were up-or downregulated. We also cloned Candida albicans homologs of the PDR16, PMP3, MRS3, and TRI1 genes and expressed them in S. cerevisiae. Heterologous expression of Candida homologs also provided reduced drug susceptibility to the budding yeast cells. Our analyses suggest the involvement of new genes in antifungal drug resistance.
  • Conference Object
    Functional Characterization of Clinically Relevant Novel Mutations in Atp7b Gene Using the Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Model
    (Wiley, 2016) Şimşek Papur, Özlenen; Terzioğlu, Orhan; Koç, Ahmet
    Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism characterized as neurodegeneration and liver abnormalities. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene. ATP7B is responsible for the sequestration of Cu into secretory vesicles, and this function is exhibited by the orthologous Ccc2p in the yeast. We aimed to characterize clinically-relevant novel mutations of p.T788I, p.V1036I and p.R1038G-fsX8 in yeast lacking the CCC2 gene.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 219
    Citation - Scopus: 242
    The Importance of Boron in Biological Systems
    (Urban und Fischer Verlag GmbH und Co. KG, 2018) Uluışık, İrem; Karakaya, Hüseyin Çağlar; Koç, Ahmet
    Boron is an essential element for plants and probably essential for human and animal health. Boron has a broad range of physiological effects on biological systems at low concentrations, whereas it is toxic to at high concentrations. Eventhough there are many studies on boron's biological effects and toxicity, more information is needed to understand the mechanisms of its action. The aim of the current work is to review boron's function, transport and toxicity in different biological systems.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 10
    Citation - Scopus: 10
    High-Copy Overexpression Screening Reveals Pdr5 as the Main Doxorubicin Resistance Gene in Yeast
    (Public Library of Science, 2015) Demir, Ayşe Banu; Koç, Ahmet
    Doxorubicin is one of the most potent anticancer drugs used in the treatment of various cancer types. The efficacy of doxorubicin is influenced by the drug resistance mechanisms and its cytotoxicity. In this study, we performed a high-copy screening analysis to find genes that play a role in doxorubicin resistance and found several genes (CUE5, AKL1, CAN1, YHR177W and PDR5) that provide resistance. Among these genes, overexpression of PDR5 provided a remarkable resistance, and deletion of it significantly rendered the tolerance level for the drug. Q-PCR analyses suggested that transcriptional regulation of these genes was not dependent on doxorubicin treatment. Additionally, we profiled the global expression pattern of cells in response to doxorubicin treatment and highlighted the genes and pathways that are important in doxorubicin tolerance/toxicity. Our results suggest that many efflux pumps and DNA metabolism genes are upregulated by the drug and required for doxorubicin tolerance.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 9
    Citation - Scopus: 10
    Thiol Peroxidase Deficiency Leads To Increased Mutational Load and Decreased Fitness in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
    (Genetics Society of America, 2014) Kaya, Alaattin; Lobanov, Alexey V.; Gerashchenko, Maxim V.; Koren, Amnon; Fomenko, Dmitri E.; Koç, Ahmet; Gladyshev, Vadim N.
    Thiol peroxidases are critical enzymes in the redox control of cellular processes that function by reducing low levels of hydroperoxides and regulating redox signaling. These proteins were also shown to regulate genome stability, but how their dysfunction affects the actual mutations in the genome is not known. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has eight thiol peroxidases of glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin families, and the mutant lacking all these genes (Δ8) is viable. In this study, we employed two independent Δ8 isolates to analyze the genome-wide mutation spectrum that results from deficiency in these enzymes. Deletion of these genes was accompanied by a dramatic increase in point mutations, many of which clustered in close proximity and scattered throughout the genome, suggesting strong mutational bias. We further subjected multiple lines of wild-type and Δ8 cells to long-term mutation accumulation, followed by genome sequencing and phenotypic characterization. Δ8 lines showed a significant increase in nonrecurrent point mutations and indels. The original Δ8 cells exhibited reduced growth rate and decreased life span, which were further reduced in all Δ8 mutation accumulation lines. Although the mutation spectrum of the two independent isolates was different, similar patterns of gene expression were observed, suggesting the direct contribution of thiol peroxidases to the observed phenotypes. Expression of a single thiol peroxidase could partially restore the growth phenotype of Δ8 cells. This study shows how deficiency in nonessential, yet critical and conserved oxidoreductase function, leads to increased mutational load and decreased fitness.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 8
    Citation - Scopus: 10
    Functional Characterization of New Mutations in Wilson Disease Gene (atp7b) Using the Yeast Model
    (Urban und Fischer Verlag GmbH und Co. KG, 2015) Şimşek Papur, Özlenen; Terzioğlu, Orhan; Koç, Ahmet
    The Wilson disease gene, a copper transporting ATPase (Atp7b), is responsible for the sequestration of Cu into secretory vesicles, and this function is exhibited by the orthologous Ccc2p in the yeast. In this study, we aimed to characterize clinically relevant new mutations of human ATP7B (p.T788I, p.V1036I and p.R1038G-fsX83) in yeast lacking the CCC2 gene. Expression of human wild type ATP7B gene in ccc2δ mutant yeast restored the growth deficiency and copper transport activity; however, expression of the mutant forms did not restore the copper transport functions and only partially supported the cell growth. Our data support that p.T788I, p.V1036I and p.R1038G-fsX83 mutations cause functional deficiency in ATP7B functions and suggest that these residues are important for normal ATP7B function.