Bioengineering / Biyomühendislik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4529
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Research Project Manyetik levitasyon yöntemiyle kemik hücrelerinin ağırlıksız ortamda kültürlenmesi(2019) Tekin, Hüseyin Cumhur; Arslan Yıldız, Ahu; Özçivici, EnginMekanik kuvvetler canlılarda özellikle kas ve kemik dokularının sağlıklı formlarda bulunmasında ve fonksiyonlarını yerine getirmesinde önemli rol oynarlar. Mekanik kuvvetlerin kısmen ya da tamamen ortadan kalktığı felç, yatalaklık, yaşlılık ve yerçekimsiz ortam koşulları kas ve kemik dokusunda ciddi miktarda kayıplar meydana getirmektedir. Kemik doku kayıplarına ek olarak mekanik yüklenmenin ortadan kalkması kemik iliğinde bulunan ve kemik hücre havuzunu oluşturan mezenkimal kök hücrelerin yağ yönelimine girmelerine ve kemik iliğinin aşırı miktarda yağlanmasına sebep olur. Bu durum kemiklerde kırılma riskini arttırır. Ayrıca yağ yönelimine bir kez giren kök hücreler kronik olarak tekrar kemik oluşturmaya, dolayısıyla rejenerasyona kolayca yönelemezler. Yaşam koşulları ya da ilerleyen yaş sebebiyle bir insanın kemik kütlesini kaybedip yağ kütlesi kazanmasının birey ve toplum için ciddi bir sosyo-ekonomik maliyeti vardır. Modern toplumda yaş ortalaması artıp hareket ihtiyacı azalırken, kemik erimesi (osteoporoz) ve şişmanlık (obezite) oranlarında da bir artış görülmekte ve bu hastalıkların tedavisi için gereken maddi kaynaklar toplum refahını kısıtlamaktadır. Bu durumla mücadele edebilmek için tedaviye yönelik biyomedikal yaklaşımların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Mekanik kuvvet yoksunluğu ile kemik erimesinin arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi için günümüzde gönüllü yatalaklık, fiziksel sınırlama ve kasılmayı önleyici ajanların kullanılması gibi yöntemler tercih edilmektedir. Ancak bu teknikler uygulama zorluğu ve barındırdığı etik problemler dolayısı ile verimli olarak kullanılamamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra da hücre bazındaki mekanik kuvvet yoksunluğu veya ağırlıksız ortam çalışmaları pahalı uzay uçuşları veya biyoreaktör sistemlerine olan gereksinimden dolayı detaylı olarak gerçekleştirilememektedir. Son yıllarda temel amacı hücre ayrıştırma olarak geliştirilen manyetik levitasyon tekniği kemik hücrelerinin ağırlıksız ortamda incelenebilmesi için oldukça önemli bir fırsat yaratmıştır. Bu projenin amacı manyetik levitasyon prensibini kullanarak kemik ve kemik iliği hücrelerini ağırlıksız ortamda kültürleyerek, oluşan moleküler ve hücresel değişimleri kısa ve uzun vadeli olarak incelemektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için hücre kültürü sırasında besiyeri ortamı Gadolinyum iyonları kullanılarak paramanyetik hale getirilmiş ve hücreler iki adet neodymium mıknatısın yaratacağı manyetik ortamda ağırlık vektörleri sıfırlanmış şekilde asılı kalmıştır. Projenin sonuçlanması ile manyetik levitasyon tekniği ile ağırlıksız ortamda kemik hücre kültürü teknolojisi geliştirilmiş olacak, ayrıca kemik hücrelerinin ağırlıksız ortamda verdikleri hücresel ve moleküler yanıtların kolay ve ucuz bir şekilde incelenmesi sağlanmıştır.Conference Object Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Viability Analysis Directly From Cell Holograms Captured Using Lensless Holographic Microscopy(The Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society (CBMS), 2019) Delikoyun, Kerem; Çine, Ersin; Anıl İnevi, Müge; Özçivici, Engin; Özuysal, Mustafa; Tekin, Hüseyin CumhurCell viability analysis is one of the most widely used protocols in the fields of biomedical sciences. Traditional methods are prone to human error and require high-cost and bulky instrumentations. Lensless digital inline holographic microscopy (LDIHM) offers low-cost and high resolution imaging. However, recorded holograms should be digitally reconstructed to obtain real images, which requires intense computational work. We introduce a deep transfer learning-based cell viability classification method that directly processes the hologram without reconstruction. This new model is only trained once and viability of each cell can be predicted from its hologram. © 2019 CBMS-0001.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Magnetic Levitation-Based Protein Detection Using Lensless Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy(The Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society (CBMS), 2019) Yaman, Sena; Delikoyun, Kerem; Tekin, Hüseyin CumhurWe present a portable protein detection platform based on magnetic levitation principle integrated with a lensless imaging system. In the platform, polymer microspheres are used to capture selectively target proteins and magnetic nanoparticle labels. The imaging system monitors the levitation height change of polymer microspheres with respect to the presence of target protein on their surfaces. This system enables the detection of target proteins down to ng/mL levels in a short time. © 2019 CBMS-0001.Article Citation - WoS: 79Citation - Scopus: 93Magnetic Force-Based Micro Fluidic Techniques for Cellular and Tissue Bioengineering(Frontiers Media S.A., 2018) Yaman, Sena; Anıl İnevi, Müge; Özçivici, Engin; Tekin, Hüseyin CumhurLive cell manipulation is an important biotechnological tool for cellular and tissue level bioengineering applications due to its capacity for guiding cells for separation, isolation, concentration, and patterning. Magnetic force-based cell manipulation methods offer several advantages, such as low adverse effects on cell viability and low interference with the cellular environment. Furthermore, magnetic-based operations can be readily combined with microfluidic principles by precisely allowing control over the spatiotemporal distribution of physical and chemical factors for cell manipulation. In this review, we present recent applications of magnetic force-based cell manipulation in cellular and tissue bioengineering with an emphasis on applications with microfluidic components. Following an introduction of the theoretical background of magnetic manipulation, components of magnetic force-based cell manipulation systems are described. Thereafter, different applications, including separation of certain cell fractions, enrichment of rare cells, and guidance of cells into specific macro- or micro-arrangements to mimic natural cell organization and function, are explained. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and limitations of magnetic cell manipulation technologies in microfluidic devices with an outlook on future developments in the field.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 8Lensless Digital In-Line Holographic Microscopy for Space Biotechnology Applications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Delikoyun, Kerem; Çine, Ersin; Anıl İnevi, Müge; Özuysal, Mustafa; Özçivici, Engin; Tekin, Hüseyin CumhurBiomechanical changes at cellular level can dramatically affect living organisms in both aviation and space applications. Weightlessness induces morphological alteration of cells, which leads to tissue loss. Therefore, scientists have been studying the effect of weightlessness using cell culture based biological experiments using conventional microscopes. However, strict requirements regarding cost, weight and functionality limit the use of conventional microscopes in space environment. Lensless digital in-line holographic microscopy enables to use low-weight, low-cost and robust elements, such as a light emitting diode (LED), an aperture and an imaging sensor, instead of bulky, expensive and fragile optical elements, such as lenses, mirrors and filters. This technology offers a high field of view compared to conventional microscopes without affecting the resolution and it is also suitable for remote sensing applications with automated imaging capabilities. Here, we present a portable digital in-line holographic microscopy platform that allows to visualize cells and to analyze their viability in a microfluidic chip. The platform offers microscopic imaging with 1.55 mu m spatial resolution, 21.7 mm(2) field of view and image coloring capability. This platform could potentially play an important role in space biotechnology applications by enabling low-cost, high-resolution and portable monitoring of cells.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 7Cell Separation With Hybrid Magnetic Levitation-Based Lensless Holographic Microscopy Platform(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Delikoyun, Kerem; Yaman, Sena; Anıl İnevi, Müge; Özçivici, Engin; Tekin, Hüseyin CumhurSeparation of target cells in a heterogeneous solution is of great importance for clinical studies especially for immunology and oncology. Separated cells can be used for diagnostic applications ranging from whole blood counting to isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTC) for personalized medicine. Recent separation technologies rely on labelling and identifying target cells with variety of labelling principle such as fluorescence or magnetic tags. However, they require labor-intensive processes, long analysis time, and expensive chemical reagents and instrumentation. Hence, their usage is limited to well-equipped centralized laboratories. There is a need for a rapid, sensitive, low-cost and automated cell separation technology to disseminate usage of this technology even in rural areas. Magnetic levitation is a powerful cell separation method, which distinguishes cells based on their levitation heights depending on cell density. However, magnetic levitation-based separation technologies require traditional, bulky and expensive microscopes for analysis. Lensless digital inline holographic microscopy (LDIHM) systems are composed of a simple illumination system containing an LED, a pinhole, and an imaging sensor for high-resolution microscopic imaging, which eliminates needs of highly fragile and expensive optics as in traditional microscopy. Here, we introduced a novel hybrid and portable cell separation platform, where magnetic levitation technology is integrated with LDIHM system for automated analysis of cell levitation heights. Using this platform, three different cell lines are successfully separated. Live and dead cells having distinguished levitation heights can be also identified in the platform.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 4Monitoring Neutropenia for Cancer Patients at the Point of Care(Wiley, 2017) İnan, Hakan; Kingsley, James L.; Özen, Mehmet O.; Tekin, Hüseyin Cumhur; Hoerner, Christian R.; Imae, Yoriko; Demirci, UtkanNeutrophils have a critical role in regulating the immune system. The immune system is compromised during chemotherapy, increasing infection risks and imposing a need for regular monitoring of neutrophil counts. Although commercial hematology analyzers are currently used in clinical practice for neutrophil counts, they are only available in clinics and hospitals, use large blood volumes, and are not available at the point of care (POC). Additionally, phlebotomy and blood processing require trained personnel, where patients are often admitted to hospitals when the infections are at late stage due to lack of frequent monitoring. Here, a reliable method is presented that selectively captures and quantifies white blood cells (WBCs) and neutrophils from a finger prick volume of whole blood by integrating microfluidics with high-resolution imaging algorithms. The platform is compact, portable, and easy to use. It captures and quantifies WBCs and neutrophils with high efficiency (> 95%) and specificity (> 95%) with an overall 4.2% bias compared to standard testing. The results from a small cohort of patients (N = 11 healthy, N = 5 lung and kidney cancer) present a unique disposable cell counter, demonstrating the ability of this tool to monitor neutrophil and WBC counts within clinical or in resource-constrained environments.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 10Performance Evaluation of Webrtc-Based Online Consultation Platform(Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019) Tarım, Ergün Alperay; Tekin, Hüseyin CumhurInformation technologies give patients the opportunity to communicate with medical professionals remotely. Telemedicine uses these technologies to provide advanced healthcare and medical services. We present a medical online consultation application based on Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) technology enabling chat, audio, and video calls. Communication architecture and protocols of the application are explained in detail. Additionally, the user interface of the application is shown via performed calls. The application is tested and evaluated on different network connections (3G, 4G, local, and DSL) and different browsers and mobile operating systems (Android, Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, iOS, Opera, Safari). During calls, communication quality parameters such as round-trip time (RTT) and packet loss, obtained via the WebRTC application programming interface, are analyzed. 3G, 4G, and local connections show low packet losses (<1%). Packet losses are high (>1%) in Android, Chrome, iOS, Opera, and Safari for DSL connection, but RTT values are low (<100 ms) in all different conditions excluding iOS. In the presented application, RTT and packet loss remain lower than 100 ms and 1%, respectively, in various scenarios, indicating good communication quality. RTT and packet loss are related to total time and hang time parameters, which describe the necessary time to establish and to end a call. It is shown that communication quality of the application can simply be measured by analyzing the total time parameter. This enables predictable information for communication quality for WebRTC-based applications without continuously monitoring RTT and packet loss for the first time.Article Citation - WoS: 34Citation - Scopus: 43Label-Free Density-Based Detection of Adipocytes of Bone Marrow Origin Using Magnetic Levitation(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019) Sarıgil, Öykü; Anıl İnevi, Müge; Yılmaz, Esra; Meşe, Gülistan; Tekin, Hüseyin Cumhur; Özçivici, EnginAdipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia are important parameters in describing abnormalities in adipogenesis that are concomitant to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, anorexia nervosa and osteoporosis. Therefore, technical developments in the detection of adipocytes become an important driving factor in adipogenesis research. Current techniques such as optical microscopy and flow cytometry are available in detection and examination of adipocytes, driving cell- and molecular-based research of adipogenesis. Even though microscopy techniques are common and straightforward, they are restricted in terms of manipulation and separation of the cells. Flow cytometry is an alternative, but mature adipocytes are fragile and cannot withstand the flow process. Other separation methods usually require labeling of the cells or usage of microfluidic platforms that utilize fluids with different densities. Magnetic levitation is a novel label-free technology with the principle of movement of cells towards the lower magnetic field in a paramagnetic medium depending on their individual densities. In this study, we used a magnetic levitation device for density-based single cell detection of differentiated adipogenic cells in heterogeneous populations. Results showed that the magnetic levitation platform was sensitive to changes in the lipid content of mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis and it could be successfully used to detect the adipogenic differentiation of the cells.Conference Object Citation - Scopus: 2Density-Based Separation of Microparticles Using Magnetic Levitation Technology Integrated on Lensless Holographic Microscopy Platform(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Delikoyun, Kerem; Yaman, Sena; Tekin, Hüseyin CumhurMicroparticle/cell separation is one of the most important applications in the field of biomedical sciences particularly for cell sorting and protein assays. There are variety of different separation technologies introduced in the literature that the main limitations are large amount of sample, expensive chemical use besides of requirement of a labeling procedure (i.e. fluorescent/magnetic labeling), complex machinery, and high operational costs. Magnetic levitation-based separation offers simple, rapid and precise separation of microparticles based on their densities by suspending them in a glass microcapillary between two opposing magnets. Traditionally, magnetic levitation-based microparticle separation and identification procedure is performed by imaging under bulky microscopes composed of fragile and expensive optics and require trained personnel to operate which makes the whole procedure costly, time consuming and prone to human error. Lensless digital inline holographic microscope (LDIHM) eliminates the need for sophisticated optics by replacing simple illumination and recording scheme that can be reduced into few widely-Available and cost-effective components. Thus, inspection procedure is mostly carried out on digitally processing captured holograms so that dependency on optical components and human error is dramatically reduced alongside using cost-effective and handheld device. Here, we introduce a novel hybrid platform that brings the advantages of magnetic levitation system with lensless digital inline holographic microscope for precise separation and identification of microparticles based on their densities. In the platform, it was shown that 1.026 g/mL and 1.090 g/mL microparticles were successfully identified. © 2019 IEEE.