Bioengineering / Biyomühendislik
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4529
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Research Project Erişkin kök hücrelerinde doku yönelimi ve dış mekanik etkilere bağlı gelişen altyapısal değişikliklerin karakterizasyonu(TÜBİTAK - Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, 2015) Özçivici, Engin; Yalçın Özuysal, Özden; Meşe Özçivici, GülistanMekanik titreşim uygulanması hem kemik hücrelerinde mineralizasyonu arttırdığı hem de kemik iliğindeki kök hücrelerini kemik yönelimine soktuğu için kemik kütlesini arttırıcı bir etkiye sahiptir. Mekanik sinyaller ayrıca yağ dokusu oluşumunu kemik iliği ve diğer yağ depolarında engeller özelliklere sahiptir. Kemik ve yağ hücrelerinin ortak bir hücre tipinden geldikleri düşünülürse, mekanik titreşim sinyalleri kullanılarak kemik oluşumu arttırılırken eşzamanlı olarak yağ oluşumu azaltılabilir. Halihazırda kemik iliği kök hücrelerinin bu tip mekanik titreşim sinyallerine duyarlı olup olmadığı ve eğer duyarlıysa bu sinyallere nasıl adapte olduğu henüz net olarak bilinmemektedir. Burada fare kemik iliğinden alınan mezenkimal D1-ORL-UVA kök hücreleri atıl durumda, kemik yöneliminde ya da yağ yönelimindeyken günlük mekanik titreşimlere (0.15g, 90 Hz, 15dk/gün) 7 gün boyunca maruz bırakıldı ve bu titreşimlerin hücrelerde yarattığı hücresel, morfolojik ve moleküler değişimler araştırıldı. Atıl durumdaki kök hücrelerde mekanik sinyaller hücre üremesini, hücrelerin toplam aktin miktarını ve kalınlığını arttırdığı gözlendi. Kemik yönelimi sırasında da mekanik sinyaller toplam aktin miktarı, aktin kalınlığı ve hücrelerin membran pürüzlülüklerini arttırdılar. Yağ yönelimi sırasında ise uygulanan mekanik kuvvetlerin hücrelerin yağ biriktirmesinden kaynaklanan morfolojik ve altyapısal etkileri geri çevirdiği gözlendi. Mekanik titreşimlerin ayrıca tüm yönelimler için hücrelerarası iletişimi arttırdıkları gözlendi. Sonuçlar yüksek frekanslı ve düşük genlikli mekanik titreşimlerin mezenkimal kök hücrelerin yönelimlerini belirleyen faktörlere önemli etkilerde bulunduklarını düşündürmektedir. Klinik aşamaya ulaşabilirse bu sonuçlar ilaçtan bağımsız bir etkinin kemik erimesi ve obezite için kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir.Conference Object Assessment of Cell Cycle and Viability of Magnetic Levitation Assembled Cellular Structures(IEEE, 2020) Anıl İnevi, Müge; Ünal, Yağmur Ceren; Yaman, Sena; Tekin, H. Cumhur; Meşe, Gülistan; Meşe, GülistanLabel-free magnetic levitation is one of the most recent Earth-based in vitro techniques that simulate the microgravity. This technique offers a great opportunity to biofabricate scaffold-free 3-dimensional (3D) structures and to study the effects of microgravity on these structures. In this study, self-assembled 3D living structures were fabricated in a paramagnetic medium by magnetic levitation technique and effects of the technique on cellular health was assessed. This magnetic force-assisted assembly system applied here offers broad applications in several fields, such as space biotechnology and bottom-up tissue engineering.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 8Distinguishing Between Microrna Targets From Diverse Species Using Sequence Motifs and K-Mers(SCITEPRESS, 2017) Yousef, Malik; Khalifa, Waleed; Acar, İlhan Erkin; Allmer, JensA disease phenotype is often due to dysregulation of gene expression. Post-translational regulation of protein abundance by microRNAs (miRNAs) is, therefore, of high importance in, for example, cancer studies. MicroRNAs provide a complementary sequence to their target messenger RNA (mRNA) as part of a complex molecular machinery. Known miRNAs and targets are listed in miRTarBase for a variety of organisms. The experimental detection of such pairs is convoluted and, therefore, their computational detection is desired which is complicated by missing negative data. For machine learning, many features for parameterization of the miRNA targets are available and k-mers and sequence motifs have previously been used. Unrelated organisms like intracellular pathogens and their hosts may communicate via miRNAs and, therefore, we investigated whether miRNA targets from one species can be differentiated from miRNA targets of another. To achieve this end, we employed target information of one species as positive and the other as negative training and testing data. Models of species with higher evolutionary distance generally achieved better results of up to 97% average accuracy (mouse versus Caenorhabditis elegans) while more closely related species did not lead to successful models (human versus mouse; 60%). In the future, when more targeting data becomes available, models can be established which will be able to more precisely determine miRNA targets in hostpathogen systems using this approach.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 11Cell Segmentation of 2d Phase-Contrast Microscopy Images With Deep Learning Method(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Ayanzadeh, Aydın; Yağar, Hüseyin Onur; Yalçın Özuysal, Özden; Pesen Okvur, Devrim; Töreyin, Behçet Uğur; Unay, Devrim; Önal, SevgiThe quantitative and qualitative ascertainment of cell culture is integral to the robust determination of the cell structure analysis. Microscopy cell analysis and the epithet structures of cells in cell cultures are momentous in the fields of the biological research process. In this paper, we addressed the problem of phase-contrast microscopy under cell segmentation application. In our proposed method, we utilized the state-of-the-art deep learning models trained on our proposed dataset. Due to the low number of annotated images, we propose a multi-resolution network which is based on the U-Net architecture. Moreover, we applied multi-combination augmentation to our dataset which has increased the performance of segmentation accuracy significantly. Experimental results suggest that the proposed model provides superior performance in comparison to traditional state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 9Differential Expression of Toxoplasma Gondii Micrornas in Murine and Human Hosts(Springer, 2016) Allmer, Jens; Saçar Demirci, Müşerref Duygu; Bağcı, CanerMicroRNAs are short RNA sequences involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. MicroRNAs are known for a wide variety of species ranging from bacteria to plants. It has become clear that some cross-kingdom regulation is possible especially between viruses and their hosts. We hypothesized that intracellular parasites, like Toxoplasma gondii, similar to viruses would be able to modulate their host’s gene expression. We were able to show that T. gondii produces many putative pre-miRNAs which are actually transcribed. Furthermore, some of these expressed pre-miRNAs have a striking resemblance to host mature miRNAs. Previous studies indicated that T. gondii infection coincides with increased abundance of some miRNAs. Here we were able to show that many of these miRNAs have close relatives in T. gondii which may not be distinguishable using PCR. Taken together, the similarity to host miRNAs, their confirmed expression, and their upregulation during infection, it suggests that T. gondii actively transfers miRNAs to regulate its host. We conclude, that this type of cross-kingdom regulation may be possible, but that targeted analysis is necessary to consolidate our computational findings. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All rights are reserved.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Biofabrication of Cellular Structures Using Weightlessness as a Biotechnological Tool(IEEE, 2019) Anıl İnevi, Müge; Sarıgil, Öykü; Yaman, Sena; Yalçın Özuysal, Özden; Meşe, Gülistan; Tekin, Hüseyin Cumhur; Özçivici, EnginGravity is an important biomechanical signal effecting the morphology and function of organisms. Reduction of gravitational forces, as experienced during spaceflight, cause alterations in the biological systems. Magnetic levitation technique is one of the most recent ground-based technology to mimic weightlessness environment. In addition to providing a platform to investigate biological effects of the weightlessness, this platform presents a novel opportunity to biofabricate 3-dimensional (3D) structures in a scaffold-and nozzle-free fashion. In this study, various controllable self-assembled 3D living structures were fabricated via magnetic levitation technique. This strategy may offer an easy and cost-effective opportunity for a wide range of space biotechnology researches.Conference Object Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Application of Magnetic Levitation Induced Weightlessness To Detect Cell Lineage(IEEE, 2019) Sarıgil, Öykü; Anıl İnevi, Müge; Yılmaz, Esra; Çağan, Melike; Meşe, Gülistan; Tekin, Hüseyin Cumhur; Özçivici, EnginIdentification and classification of bone marrow cells is an important step for molecular biology and therapeutic studies related to bone marrow disorders such as osteoporosis or obesity. In this study, we applied magnetic levitation technology to induce a weightlessness environment to detect adipocytes and osteoblasts based on their single cell density. This biotechnological method can be used for separation of heterogeneous populations such as bone marrow once adapted to a continuous microfluidic platform.