Bioengineering / Biyomühendislik

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/4529

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 8
    Citation - Scopus: 9
    Neuroprotective Metabolites Via Fungal Biotransformation of a Novel Sapogenin, Cyclocephagenol
    (Nature Research, 2022) Küçüksolak, Melis; Üner, Göklem; Ballar Kırmızıbayrak, Petek; Bedir, Erdal
    Cyclocephagenol (1), a novel cycloartane-type sapogenin with tetrahydropyran unit, is only encountered in Astragalus species. This rare sapogenin has never been a topic of biological activity or modification studies. The objectives of this study were; (i) to perform microbial transformation studies on cyclocephagenol (1) using Astragalus endophyte, Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1, followed by isolation and structural characterization of the metabolites; (ii) to investigate neuroprotective activities of the metabolites; (iii) to understand structure–activity relationships towards neuroprotection. The microbial transformation of cyclocephagenol (1) using Alternaria eureka resulted in the production of twenty-one (2–22) previously undescribed metabolites. Oxidation, monooxygenation, dehydration, methyl migration, epoxidation, and ring expansion reactions were observed on the triterpenoid skeleton. Structures of the compounds were established by 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HR-MS analyses. The neuroprotective activities of metabolites and parent compound (1) were evaluated against H2O2-induced cell injury. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) was established, and the results revealed that 1 and several other metabolites had potent neuroprotective activity. Further studies revealed that selected compounds reduced the amount of ROS and preserved the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. This is the first report of microbial transformation of cyclocephagenol.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 12
    Citation - Scopus: 12
    New Cardenolides From Biotransformation of Gitoxigenin by the Endophytic Fungus Alternaria Eureka 1e1bl1: Characterization and Cytotoxic Activities
    (MDPI, 2021) Bedir, Erdal; Karakoyun, Çiğdem; Doğan, Gamze; Kuru, Gülten; Küçüksolak, Melis; Yusufoğlu, Hasan
    Microbial biotransformation is an important tool in drug discovery and for metabolism studies. To expand our bioactive natural product library via modification and to identify possible mammalian metabolites, a cytotoxic cardenolide (gitoxigenin) was biotransformed using the endophytic fungus Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1. Initially, oleandrin was isolated from the dried leaves of Nerium oleander L. and subjected to an acid-catalysed hydrolysis to obtain the substrate gitoxigenin (yield; similar to 25%). After 21 days of incubation, five new cardenolides 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8 and three previously- identified compounds 2, 5 and 7 were isolated using chromatographic methods. Structural elucidations were accomplished through 1D/2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and FT-IR analysis. A. eureka catalyzed oxygenation, oxidation, epimerization and dimethyl acetal formation reactions on the substrate. Cytotoxicity of the metabolites were evaluated using MTT cell viability method, whereas doxorubicin and oleandrin were used as positive controls. Biotransformation products displayed less cytotoxicity than the substrate. The new metabolite 8 exhibited the highest activity with IC50 values of 8.25, 1.95 and 3.4 mu M against A549, PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively, without causing toxicity on healthy cell lines (MRC-5 and HEK-293) up to concentration of 10 mu M. Our results suggest that A. eureka is an effective biocatalyst for modifying cardenolide-type secondary metabolites.