Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/12
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Research Project Biyoaktif maddelerin kontrollu salımı için kompozit veya karışımlardan oluşan aktif yenilebilir gıda ambalaj malzemeleri geliştirilmesi(2011) Yemenicioğlu, Ahmet; Atabay, Halil İbrahim; Uysal, İlke; Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer; Arcan, İskender; Korel, Figen; Boyacı, DeryaBu projede biyoaktif maddelerin kontrollü salımını gerçekleştirebilecek yenilebilir film ve kaplamalar geliştirmek amacıyla zein ve peyniraltı suyu proteinleri (PSP) temelli karışım ve kompozit yapılardan faydalanılmıştır. Zeinden elde edilen karışım filmler zeinin oleik, laurik ve linoleik asit gibi yağ asitleri ile karıştırılmasıyla, kompozit filmler ise karnauba, kandelilla ve balmumu gibi mumlar, mercimek veya soya globülin proteinleri veya mikrokristal selülozla karıştırılmasıyla elde edilmiştir. PSP‘den elde edilen karışımlar bu proteinlerin oleik asitle, kompozitler ise balmumu ve kandelilla mumuyla karıştırılmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Zein temelli filmlere ilave edilen biyoaktif maddeler kısmi saf ve saf lisozim, kateşin, gallik asit, phidroksibenzoik asit, ferulik asit, kuversetin ve flavon, PSP temelli filmlere ilave edilen biyoaktif maddeler ise saf ve kısmi saf lisozim ve kateşindir. Gösterdikleri kontrollu salım etkileri, antimikrobiyel ve antioksidant performanslar ve mekaniki özellikler dikkate alındığında en uygulanabilir filmlerin lisozimin kateşin ve/veya gallik asitle birlikte kullanıldığı zein-oleik asit karışımları ve zein-karnauba mumu kompozitleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıntılı salım deneyleri zein karışım ve kompozitlerinde lisozim, kateşin ve kateşin-gallik asit karışımlarının salım hızının çoğunlukla filmlerin çapraz bağlanma düzeyini artıran fenolik bileşik konsantrasyonuyla ters ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Karışım ve kompozitleri oluşturan mum, yağ asiti ve fenolik madde tipi de filmlerin morfolojisini, hidrofobisitesini ve dolambaçlı difüzyon yolu (tortuosity) gibi özelliklerini değiştirerek salım özelliklerini etkileyebilmektedir. Zein‘den elde edilmiş fenolik bileşikler veya lisozim ve fenolik bileşikleri birarada içeren karışım ve kompozit filmlerin antimikrobiyel testleri bu filmlerin gıdalardaki en kritik patojen bakterilerden olan Escherchia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes ve Campylobacter jejuni‘ye karşı laboratuvar ortamlarında ve/veya seçilmiş et ve süt ürünlerinde antimikrobiyel ve antioksidant etki gösterdiğini doğrulamıştır.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 4Bacteria: Arcobacter(Elsevier, 2014) Atabay, Halil İbrahim; Corry, Janet E.L.; Ceylan, ÇağatayThe genus Arcobacter currently comprises many phenotypically different species isolated from diverse niches. Although some Arcobacter spp. (particularly, Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, and Arcobacter cryaerophilus) are associated with various diseases in humans and animals, their exact epidemiological and pathological role is not completely understood, and few cases of human infection are reported. The primary mode of Arcobacter transmission is thought to occur via contaminated water and food and contact with pets. As some species are difficult to cultivate and all are difficult to identify using conventional biochemical tests, nucleic acid-based techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR are increasingly used for their simultaneous detection, identification, and quantification. Their tendency to be resistant to antibiotics, and their ability to colonize food processing environments indicate that they could cause serious disease in the human population, particularly in susceptible individuals with impaired immune response. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 4Prevalence and Diversity of Arcobacter Spp. in Retail Chicken Meat in Turkey(PagePress Publications, 2016) Molva, Çelenk; Atabay, Halil İbrahimArcobacters are food and waterborne pathogens associated with human and animal infections. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in commercially sold chicken meat in Izmir region of Turkey. For this purpose, 100 samples including legs (n= 40), 17 chicken quarters (n= 17), drumstickers (n= 16), breasts (n= 11), wings (n= 10), and carcasses (n= 6) were collected from different retail markets. A total of 65 isolates were confirmed as Arcobacter spp. from 55 samples by genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of Arcobacter spp. was 32.5, 81.3, 64.7, 72.7, 83.3, and 50% for legs, drumstickers, chicken quarters, breasts, carcasses and wings, respectively. Based on the multiplex-PCR, most of the isolates were identified as A. butzleri (n= 45, 80%), followed by A. cryaerophilus (n= 2, 3.6%), A. skirrowii (n= 1, 1.8%) and 17 isolates (30.9%) could not be identified at the species level.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 10Detection of Listeria Species in Fresh Fish and Fish Market Environment by Ims Technique in Turkey(Verlag M. und H. Schaper GmbH, 2011) Akkaya, Levent; Atabay, Halil İbrahim; Gök, Veli; Kara, RecepThe incidence of Listeria spp. was investigated in fresh fish (n = 100) sold at retail markets and in the environmental and personnel samples (n = 100) obtained from several fish markets in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey by immunomagnetic separation technique. The fish samples analysed included anchovy, trout, carp and grey mullet (25 of each). Six (6 %) of the fish samples were found positive for Listeria spp. and the overall incidence of Listeria spp. was 10 % in the environmental and personnel samples. Three Listeria spp., Listeria monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. grayi were recovered from the samples examined. In addition, L. seeligeri from a fish sample and L. innocua from an environmental sample (box) were isolated. It was found that L. monocytogenes was only detected in fresh water fish with an incidence of 8 %. For the environmental samples, knives and refrigerators had the highest (20 %) and personnel samples had the least (5%) levels of contamination. It can be concluded that the fish sold at retail markets are moderately contaminated with various species of Listeria including L. monocytogenes, which may pose a risk for human health. The presence of these bacteria in environmental and personnel samples of fish markets is also an important possible sources of cross-contamination of the fish and other seafood. The results of this study indicate the necessity of the implementation of good hygiene and sanitary practices in order to prevent and/or reduce the contamination of fishery products by Listeria spp. at the retail level.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 24Isolation and Identification of Arcobacter Species From Environmental and Drinking Water Samples(Springer Verlag, 2016) Talay, Funda; Molva, Çelenk; Atabay, Halil İbrahimWater plays an important role in the transmission of Arcobacter spp. to animals and humans. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize Arcobacter spp. from 115 different water samples (66 sewage, 25 rivers, 16 spring water, and 8 drinking water) in Izmir, Turkey. In total, 41 samples (35.7 %) were found positive for Arcobacter spp. by the genus-specific PCR. Arcobacter butzleri was detected in 39 out of 115 samples (33.9 %) including 24 sewage, 13 rivers, and 2 spring water. The remaining Arcobacter spp. (n = 2) isolates could not be identified by m-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on the phenotypic characterization, most of the Arcobacter species (87.8 %) indicated weak catalase activity. In addition, there were differences in phenotypic patterns among isolated species during growth at 37 °C under microaerobic and aerobic conditions, in the presence of 2 % (39/41) and 3.5 % (32/41) NaCl and 0.04 % TTC (39/41) and on MacConkey agar (38/41). The results of this study indicated that environmental water samples are common sources for Arcobacter spp. Therefore, effective control measures should be taken to protect human health.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Prevalence of Salmonella in Edible Offal in Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey(Kafkas Üniversitesi, 2012) Akkaya, Levent; Atabay, Halil İbrahim; Gök, Veli; Yaman, HilmiIn this study, the prevalence of Salmonella sp. was examined using a total of 205 edible bovine offal samples collected from different abattoirs (n=105) and butcheries (n=100) by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) method. The isolation rate of Salmonella was found to be 8.57%, 5.71% and 5.71% for the liver, kidney and tripe samples collected from the abattoir, respectively. Of the offal samples obtained from the butcheries, the detection rate of Salmonella sp. was 16% in the liver and 4% in the kidney, tripe and brain samples. Overall, it was found that 8.29% of all the offal samples obtained from the abattoirs and butcheries were determined to be contaminated with Salmonella sp. The results of this study shows that edible offal are cross-contaminated by Salmonella sp. at the abattoirs and retail sale points until they reach to the consumer. It is recommended that adequate hygienic and sanitary measures be taken in these kind of places in order to protect public health.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Novel Approach for Analyzing the Biochemical Effects of Anionic Surfactants on a Surfactant-Degrading Arcobacter Butzleri Strain(SAGE Publications Inc., 2013) Sarıoğlu, Ömer Faruk; Tamer, Yusuf Talha; Özkan, Alper Devrim; Atabay, Halil İbrahim; Molva, Çelenk; Tekinay, TurgayAnionic surfactant-biodegrading capability of an Arcobacter butzleri strain was analyzed under aerobic conditions. The A. butzleri isolate displayed efficient surfactant-biodegrading capacity for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at concentrations of up to 100 mg/L in 6 days, corresponding to 99.0% removal efficiency. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to observe the effects of varying concentrations of SDS on the biochemistry of bacterial cells. Results suggest that protein secondary structures were altered in bacterial cells at sufficiently high SDS concentrations, concurrent with SDS biodegradation.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 7Assessment of Tnf-Alpha and Leptin Gene Expression by Rt-Pcr in Blood of Cows With Left Abomasal Displacement(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire, 2012) Devrim, A. K.; Sözmen, M.; Yiğitarslan, K.; Sudağıdan, Mert; Kankavi, O.; Atabay, Halil İbrahimThe aims of this study are to evaluate the TNF-α and leptin gene expression in blood from Holstein cows with left abomasal displacement and to correlate it with induced liver injury. The TNF-α and leptin expression in blood samples was determined by RT-PCR after normalisation using the constant expression of the housekeeping GAPDH gene in cows with left abomasal displacement (LAD) (n = 20) before surgery and 7 days after as well as in healthy controls (n = 10). Plasma hepatic enzyme (AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine aminotransferase and ALP: alkaline phosphatase) activities were measured in parallel. Plasma AST and ALP activities dramatically increased in diseased cows during the preoperative period and then declined. Although not significantly, the leptin expression tended to decrease in LAD affected cows while the TNF-α expression tended to increase during the postoperative period. These results suggest that TNF-α may be associated with liver damage during abomasal displacement and that leptin was inversely correlated.Article Citation - Scopus: 7Human Acute Gastroenteritis Associated With Arcobacter Butzleri(Elsevier Ltd., 2012) Kayman, Tuba; Atabay, Halil İbrahim; Abay, Seçil; Hızlısoy, Harun; Molva, Çelenk; Aydın, FuatArcobacter spp. are considered emerging food-borne pathogens ( 1). Contaminated water and meat play an important role in the transmission of these bacteria to humans ( 2 ; 3). Currently, the genus Arcobacter has 13 recognized species: A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii, A. nitrofigilis, A. cibarius, A. halophilus, A. mytili, A. thereius, A. marinus, A. trophiarum, A. defluvii, A. molluscorum, and A. ellisii ( 4 ; 5). Only three species, namely, A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii, have been associated with human and animal diseases ( 1). These microorganisms cause a number of infections, such as abortion, mastitis, and septicemia, in animals. In humans, they have been reported to cause gastrointestinal tract infections and septicemia ( 6 ; 7). Arcobacter septicemia secondary to underlying diseases, such as cirrhosis ( 8) and acute gangrenous appendicitis (9), has also been documented in humans.Article Citation - WoS: 76Citation - Scopus: 85Development of Flexible Antimicrobial Packaging Materials Against Campylobacter Jejuni by Incorporation of Gallic Acid Into Zein-Based Films(American Chemical Society, 2011) Alkan, Derya; Aydemir, Levent Yurdaer; Arcan, İskender; Yavuzdurmaz, Hatice; Atabay, Halil İbrahim; Ceylan, Çağatay; Yemencioğlu, AhmetIn this study, antimicrobial films were developed against Campylobacter jejuni by incorporation of gallic acid (GA) into zein-based films. The zein and zein-wax composite films containing GA between 2.5 and 10 mg/cm 2 were effective on different C. jejuni strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Zein and zein-wax composite films showed different release profiles in distilled water but quite similar release profiles at solid agar medium. Depending on incorporated GA concentration, 60-80% of GA released from the films, while the remaining GA was bound or trapped by film matrix. The GA at 2.5 and 5 mg/cm 2 caused a considerable increase in elongation (57-280%) of all zein films and eliminated their classical flexibility problems. The zein-wax composite films were less flexible than zein films, but the films showed similar tensile strengths and Young's modulus. Scanning electron microscopy indicated different morphologies of zein and zein-wax composite films. This study clearly showed the good potential of zein and GA to develop flexible antimicrobial films against C. jejuni.