Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/12
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Research Project Üzüm çekirdeği özütü içeren fonksiyonel yenebilir filmlerin geliştirilmesi ve çeşitli gıdalara uygulanması(2009) Korel, Figen; Bayraktar, OğuzMinimal işlem görmüş ve tüketime hazır gıdalara olan talebin artması gıda güvenliği ve kalitesi için yeni yaklaşımların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Antimikrobiyal ambalajlama teknolojileri gıdaların raf ömrünün uzatılmasında ve patojenlere karşı risklerin azaltılmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Farklı antimikrobiyal ajanlar plastik veya biyolojik olarak bozunabilen ambalajlama materyallerine ilave edilebilmektedir. Ancak tüketicilerin kimyasal ajanlara ilişkin sağlık endişeleri ve plastik ambalaj materyallerinin yarattığı çevresel problemler nedeniyle doğal biyopreservatiflerin yenebilir ve biyolojik olarak bozunabilen ambalajlama materyallerinde kullanımı tercih edilmektedir. Lisozim, nisin ve bitki özütleri antimikrobiyal ambalajlamada sıklıkla kullanılan biyopreservatiflerdir. Son günlerde polifenolik bileşiklerce zengin üzüm çekirdeği özütü, sağlığa yararlılığı ve yüksek antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri bakımından araştırmacıların büyük ilgisini çekmiştir. Üzüm çekirdeği özütünün ayçiçek yağı, balık yağı, balık ve yosun yağı emülsiyonu, donmuş taze uskumru, taze ve pişmiş hindi, tavuk, dana ve domuz etleri gibi çeşitli sistemlerdeki etkileri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu bitki özütleri ilave edilen protein veya karbonhidrat bazlı filmlerin antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesine yöneliktir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla bitki özütleri ilave edilen yenebilir film karışımlarının (protein-karbonhidrat, proteinlipid veya karbonhidrat-lipid bazlı filmler gibi) antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktivitelerinin belirlenmesine yönelik herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır.Article Extraction and Characterization of Pectin From Fresh Globe Artichoke and Canned Artichoke Waste(Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği, 2017) Ceylan, Çağatay; Bayraktar, Oğuz; Atçı, Erhan; Sarrafi, ŞahinThe pectin contents of fresh globe artichoke (stem, receptacle, and bract) and waste of artichokecanning industry were investigated. The highest pectin amount was found in the stem part of freshglobe artichoke (6.42%) with the highest amount of anhydrogalacturonic acid (AGA) and anhydrouronicacid (AUA) content. The pectin yields of receptacle and bract parts were found to be 5.31 and 4.55%,respectively. The pectin yield from the industrial waste was the lowest, 4.43%. The highest ash content(5.65 %) along with the lowest anhydrouronic acid amount (73.28%) indicated the lowest purity for theindustrial waste. The degrees of esterification for the pectin obtained from the stem, receptacle andbract parts were 55.26%, 52.26%, and 56.17%, respectively indicating the presence of high methyl-esterified(HM) pectin. The pectin from the industrial waste had the lowest degree of esterification (46.02%). TheFTIR results indicated that acid processing affected the structural properties of pectin from the industrialwaste with higher methoxyl content and esterification degree.Article Kinetic and Structural Characterization of Interaction Between Trypsin and Equisetum Arvense Extract(Türk Biyokimya Derneği, 2014) Uslu, Mehmet Emin; Bayraktar, Oğuz; Ceylan, ÇağatayObjective: In this study the inhibitory effect of E. arvense extract on trypsin activity and the effect of trypsin on E. arvense extract were studied. In addition the nature of the interaction between the extract and trypsin was investigated. Methods: The inhibitory effect ethanol extract of E. arvense on trypsin activity was determined using trypsin enzyme assay. The structural effects of the extract-trypsin interaction for the extract were analyzed by FTIR. Finally, the HPLC analyses were carried out to analyze the individual components of the extract and the supernatant and soluble precipitate phases. Results: E. arvense extract was found to decrease total percent activity of trypsin to 5% in 24 hour at 24 °C. FTIR analyses indicated that the interaction between trypsin and E. arvense extract caused changes in the structure and hydrogen bonding behavior and composition of the extract proteins. These interactions also caused the extract lipids to accumulate in the insoluble precipitate phase. Most of the phenolics remained in the supernatant phase enhancing the inactivation of trypsin. However, the precipitated compounds were shown to be of apolar in nature as shown in the HPLC chromatograms. Conclusion: The methods that were used showed that the high phenolic content of E. arvense was the main reason for the inhibition of trypsin enzyme activity by denaturing the enzyme.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 15Characterization of Silk Fibroin Based Films Loaded With Rutin-Ss Inclusion Complexes(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2014) Şamlı, Merve; Bayraktar, Oğuz; Korel, FigenIn this study, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes with rutin were prepared via co-precipitation method. Stability constant and solubility energy of beta-cyclodextrin complex were calculated as 262 M-1 and 1,737 kJ mol-1, respectively. Aqueous solubility of rutin was increased with inclusion complex of beta-cyclodextrin. The effect of temperature on both aqueous solubility of free rutin, and its inclusion complex was also studied. Characterization of cyclodextrin complexes were conducted with UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Characterization results supported formation of inclusion complexes. Dissolution profiles of rutin, physical mixture and inclusion complex of rutin were observed at 37 °C. Dissolution results proved the effect of cyclodextrin addition on solubility rate of rutin. After loading rutin and its complexes into silk fibroin based films, release tests were performed at 37 °C in neutral pH conditions for 24 h. Most of the rutin were released from silk fibroin films within the first 5 h and the rest of it was released slowly (sustained release). Electron microscope analyses showed that films had homogenous and dense morphologies. These results revealed that silk fibroin is useful for preparing bioactive films loaded with natural compounds and for modifying their release behaviour at physiological conditions.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 10Ruscogenin Interacts With Dppc and Dppg Model Membranes and Increases the Membrane Fluidity: Ftir and Dsc Studies(Elsevier, 2023) Şahin, İpek; Ceylan, Çağatay; Bayraktar, OğuzRuscogenin, a kind of steroid saponin, has been shown to have significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombotic characteristics. Furthermore, it has the potential to be employed as a medicinal medication to treat a variety of acute and chronic disorders. The interaction of a drug molecule with cell membranes can help to elucidate its system-wide protective and therapeutic effects, and it's also important for its pharmacological activity. The molecular mechanism by which ruscogenin affects membrane architecture is still a mystery. Ruscogenin's interaction with zwitterionic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and anionic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) was studied utilizing two non-invasive approaches, including: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Ruscogenin caused considerable alterations in the phase transition profile, order, dynamics and hydration state of head groups and glycerol backbone of DPPC and DPPG MLVs at all concentrations. The DSC results indicated that the presence of ruscogenin decreased the main phase transition temperature (Tm) and enthalpy (ΔH) values of both membranes and increased half height width of the main transition (ΔT1/2). The FTIR results demonstrated that all concentrations (1, 3, 6, 9, 15, 24 and 30 mol percent) of ruscogenin disordered the DPPC MLVs both in the gel and liquid crystalline phases while it increased the order of DPPG MLVs in the liquid crystalline phase. Moreover, ruscogenin caused an increase in the dynamics of DPPC and DPPG MLVs in both phases. Additionally, it enhanced the hydration of the head groups of lipids and the surrounding water molecules implying ruscogenin to interact strongly with both zwitterionic and charged model membranes.