Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/12
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Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 11Authentication of Pomegranate Juice in Binary and Ternary Mixtures With Spectroscopic Methods(Elsevier, 2023) Aykaç, Başak; Çavdaroğlu, Çağrı; Özen, BanuFruit juices are among the most commonly adulterated food products and especially pomegranate juice as a high value product is mixed with different adulterants for unfair economic profit. It was aimed to investigate the performances of UV–visible and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies combined with chemometric methods to determine adulteration of pomegranate juice with dark colored sour cherry and black carrot juices. Binary and ternary mixtures of pomegranate juice with 2 adulterants were prepared at 5–25% levels. After various data transformations, both spectroscopic data of authentic and adulterated samples were evaluated with different chemometric classification tools. Classification models with 97% correct classification rate for validation set were obtained both for UV–visible and FTIR spectral data. Accurate predictions of adulterant concentration were also achieved with chemometric models using both spectroscopic data. These spectroscopic techniques provide rapid and accurate prediction of pomegranate juice adulteration in binary and ternary mixtures with dark colored juices.Article Citation - WoS: 22Citation - Scopus: 27Layer-By Assembly of Lysozyme With Iota-Carrageenan and Gum Arabic for Surface Modification of Food Packaging Materials With Improved Barrier Properties(Elsevier, 2022) Koca, Nazan; Bayramoğlu, BesteThe study aimed to investigate the surface modification of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of lysozyme (LZ) with two different polysaccharides, iota-carrageenan (IC) and gum arabic (GA), for food packaging applications. The effects of solution pH, adsorption time, elimination of intermediate drying steps were investigated. The LbL film growth was monitored up to 10 deposition steps by UV–Vis spectroscopy and in situ surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The most successful processing conditions for both types of coatings were pH 7–7 combination with intermediate drying and 20 min adsorption time. SPR pointed out a ‘dissolution/reconstruction’ mechanism in film formation. The thickness and surface morphology of the coatings were characterized by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface roughnesses of LZ/IC coatings were higher than that of LZ/GA coatings indicating a denser matrix in the latter. Deposition of 5 bilayers of LZ/IC and LZ/GA on BOPP resulted in 66.15% and 56.89% reduction in oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the film, respectively. The corresponding reductions in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) were 28% and 33.52%, respectively. Elimination of intermediate drying steps resulted in less overall deposition, rougher surfaces, diminished oxygen and water barrier properties. The edible LbL coatings obtained in this study possess good gas barrier properties, which is very promising for their use in the preservation of fresh/fresh-cut produce in combination with modified atmosphere packaging applications. The results promise reduced use of plastic films in food packaging.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 11Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Duodenal Self Assembly in the Presence of Different Fatty Acids(Elsevier, 2022) Tunçer, Esra; Bayramoğlu, BesteA comprehensive understanding of dietary mixed micelle formation in the presence of lipid digestion products is crucial for an effective design of nutraceutical delivery systems. This study aimed to investigate the duodenal self-assembly of bile lipids and fatty acids (FA) with different characteristics via coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that increase in FA chain length and unsaturation degree lead to micelles with lower/higher fractions of FAs/bile salts (BS), lower core and surface packing densities, decreased ordering of lipid tails, thus more fluid internal structures. Our findings provide molecular insight into the instability of intestinal colloidal structures composed of long unsaturated FAs. We show the correlation between FA unsaturation degree and lipid packing density is a significant factor in determining the intermicellar BS concentrations. Overall, this study advances the knowledge in the field by establishing a more integral relationship between the FA characteristics and micelle structural properties over a wider range of FA types through MD simulations.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 7Effect of Process Parameters and Microparticle Addition on Polygalacturonase Activity and Fungal Morphology of Aspergillus Sojae(Springer, 2022) Germeç, Mustafa; Karahalil, Ercan; Yatmaz, Ercan; Tarı, CananIn this study, the effects of process parameters (initial glucose concentrations, inoculation rates, and nitrogen sources including yeast extract, beef extract, and ammonium nitrate instead of peptone) on polygalacturonase production by Aspergillus sojae in the shaking incubator were examined. Subsequently, the effect of talcum microparticles on activity and morphology was investigated. Based on the results, the highest activity and lowest pellet diameter were 41.91 U/mL and 1411.9 µm when initial glucose concentration and inoculation size were 20 g/L and 12% (v/v), respectively. Besides, as inoculation rate increased, maximum specific growth rate and saturation constant decreased from 0.39 to 0.27 day−1 and 21.26 to 3.50 g/L, respectively. It was determined that highest activity and lowest pellet diameter were found as 18.53 U/mL and 2953.0 µm when medium was supplemented with 2.5 g/L yeast extract. It was also found that as yeast extract and beef extract concentrations increased, pellet diameter decreased. Additionally, medium was supplemented with talcum as a microparticle (0–25 g/L), and maximum activity was 26.59 U/mL (pellet diameter was 2756.3 µm) when talcum concentration was 5 g/L. In addition, as talcum concentration increases from 0.1 to 5 g/L, the biomass concentration increased relatively, but the enzyme activity increased significantly. However, although talcum concentration in the medium is increased until 20 g/L, while the biomass concentration increased, the activity decreased. Compared to control fermentation (without talcum), the activity increased ninefold. Polygalacturonase was also partially purified via ultrafiltration with the purification fold of 1.84. Consequently, fungal morphology in submerged fermentation can be controlled by microparticle addition fermentation, and thus the enzyme activity can be increased.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 10Ruscogenin Interacts With Dppc and Dppg Model Membranes and Increases the Membrane Fluidity: Ftir and Dsc Studies(Elsevier, 2023) Şahin, İpek; Ceylan, Çağatay; Bayraktar, OğuzRuscogenin, a kind of steroid saponin, has been shown to have significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombotic characteristics. Furthermore, it has the potential to be employed as a medicinal medication to treat a variety of acute and chronic disorders. The interaction of a drug molecule with cell membranes can help to elucidate its system-wide protective and therapeutic effects, and it's also important for its pharmacological activity. The molecular mechanism by which ruscogenin affects membrane architecture is still a mystery. Ruscogenin's interaction with zwitterionic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and anionic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) was studied utilizing two non-invasive approaches, including: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Ruscogenin caused considerable alterations in the phase transition profile, order, dynamics and hydration state of head groups and glycerol backbone of DPPC and DPPG MLVs at all concentrations. The DSC results indicated that the presence of ruscogenin decreased the main phase transition temperature (Tm) and enthalpy (ΔH) values of both membranes and increased half height width of the main transition (ΔT1/2). The FTIR results demonstrated that all concentrations (1, 3, 6, 9, 15, 24 and 30 mol percent) of ruscogenin disordered the DPPC MLVs both in the gel and liquid crystalline phases while it increased the order of DPPG MLVs in the liquid crystalline phase. Moreover, ruscogenin caused an increase in the dynamics of DPPC and DPPG MLVs in both phases. Additionally, it enhanced the hydration of the head groups of lipids and the surrounding water molecules implying ruscogenin to interact strongly with both zwitterionic and charged model membranes.