Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/12
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Article Citation - WoS: 1Orta Nemli İncirlerde Depolama Sonrasında Pektin Metil Esteraz Aktivitesi Değişimi(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2015) Demirbüker Kavak, Dilek; Yemenicioğlu, AhmetOrta nemli meyveler, kurutulmuş meyvelerin rehidre edilmesiyle elde edilebilmektedirler. Kuru meyvelere kıyasla doğrudan tüketime daha uygun olan orta nemli meyveler, sanayide unlu mamüller, süt ürünleri, şekerlemeler kullanılabilmektedirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı orta nemli hale getirilmiş incirlerin 3 aylık depolama süresi sonucunda mikrobiyal stabilitelerinin ve dokuda yumuşamaya neden olan pektin metil esteraz enzimi (PME) aktivitelerinin kıyaslanmasıdır. Bu amaçla kuru incirler 30°C ve 80°C'de suyla %30 nem içeriğine ulaşana kadar rehidre edilmişlerdir. Rehidre edilmiş örnekler, 3 ay süreyle +4°C'de depolanmışlardır. Depolama süresi sonunda toplam canlı sayımı sonuçlarına göre 30°C kontrol örnekleri ile 80°C'de rehidre edilmiş örnekler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Depolama süresi sonucunda PME aktivitesi, kontrol örnekleri için 24.1 ?mol COOH dk-1g-1 iken, 80°C'de rehidre edilmiş orta nemli incirlerde 17.4 ?mol COOH dk-1g-1bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak incirleri orta nemli hale getirmek için 80°C'de gerçekleşen rehidrasyon işlemi, depolama sonrası mikrobiyal yükü belirgin şekilde etkilememesine karşın, yumuşamaya neden olan PME aktivitesini 30°C'de rehidre edilmiş kontrol örneklerine kıyasla %28 oranında azaltmaktadır.Article Kurutma Sıcaklığının Üzüm Çekirdeklerinin Toplam Fenolik Madde İçeriği ve Antioksidan Kapasitesi Üzerine Etkisi(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2015) Konuk, Dilara; Korel, FigenÜzüm çekirdeği, başta şarap olmak üzere meyve suyu ve pekmez ürünlerinin üretiminde açığa çıkan organik bir atık olup, biyoaktif bileşikler açısından oldukça zengin olması nedeniyle gıda formülasyonlarında değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, kurutma sıcaklığının üzüm çekirdeklerinde bulunan biyoaktif bileşikler üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır ve çalışmada kabin tipi kurutma sisteminde sıcak hava ile üç farklı ortam sıcaklığında (40, 50 ve 60°C) kurutulan üzüm çekirdeklerinin toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve antioksidan aktivitesi belirlenmiştir. Taze üzüm çekirdekleri kurutulmuş örneklerle karşılaştırıldığında, kurutma işleminin toplam fenolik madde miktarında azalmaya neden olduğu ve kurutma sıcaklığı arttıkça toplam fenolik madde miktarının azaldığı görülmüştür. ABTS radikal indirgeme kapasitesi yöntemiyle belirlenen Troloks Eşdeğeri Antioksidan Kapasiteleri (TEAK) taze üzüm çekirdeklerinde daha yüksek değerlerde olup üç farklı sıcaklıkta kurutulan üzüm çekirdeklerinde ise birbirine yakın değerlerde bulunmuştur. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda üzüm çekirdeklerinin güçlü bir antioksidan kaynağı olduğu ve kurutma işlemi sonrasında da antioksidan özelliğini koruduğu görülmüştür. Ancak, fenolik bileşen kayıplarını azaltmak için kurutma işleminin düşük sıcaklıklarda yapılmasının avantajlı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.Article Siyah Meyveli İncir Çeşitlerinin Kurutularak Değerlendirilmesi(Pamukkale Üniversitesi, 2015) Konak, Ramazan; Kösoğlu, İlknur; Tan, Nilgün; Kocataş, Hilmi; Yemenicioğlu, Ahmetİncir, yüksek oranda diyet lif, fenolik madde ve mineralleri içeren bir meyvedir. Ülkemizin sahip olduğu zengin incir mirası göz önüne alındığında antioksidan kapasitesi çok yüksek, renkli çeşitler mevcut olmasına rağmen bunların kurutularak değerlendirilme uygulamaları yok denecek kadar azdır. Bu çalışma ile İncir Araştırma Enstitüsü genetik kaynaklar parselinde bulunan siyah renkli çeşitlerden 9 tanesi ve standart kurutmalık çeşitler olan Sarılop ve Sarızeybek çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Meyveler geleneksel yönteme göre kerevetler ile güneş altında kurutulup çeşitlerin kuruma kapasiteleri ve kuru meyve kaliteleri tespit edilmiştir. Standart kurutmalık çeşitlerin yanı sıra 1101, 1102 ve 1012 kod numaralı siyah renkli çeşitlerin kurutmaya uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Article Citation - WoS: 4Prevalence and Diversity of Arcobacter Spp. in Retail Chicken Meat in Turkey(PagePress Publications, 2016) Molva, Çelenk; Atabay, Halil İbrahimArcobacters are food and waterborne pathogens associated with human and animal infections. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of Arcobacter spp. in commercially sold chicken meat in Izmir region of Turkey. For this purpose, 100 samples including legs (n= 40), 17 chicken quarters (n= 17), drumstickers (n= 16), breasts (n= 11), wings (n= 10), and carcasses (n= 6) were collected from different retail markets. A total of 65 isolates were confirmed as Arcobacter spp. from 55 samples by genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of Arcobacter spp. was 32.5, 81.3, 64.7, 72.7, 83.3, and 50% for legs, drumstickers, chicken quarters, breasts, carcasses and wings, respectively. Based on the multiplex-PCR, most of the isolates were identified as A. butzleri (n= 45, 80%), followed by A. cryaerophilus (n= 2, 3.6%), A. skirrowii (n= 1, 1.8%) and 17 isolates (30.9%) could not be identified at the species level.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Characterization of the Self-Assembly and Size Dependent Structural Properties of Dietary Mixed Micelles by Molecular Dynamics Simulations(Elsevier Ltd., 2019) Tuncer, Esra; Bayramoğlu, BesteThe bile salts and phospholipids are secreted by the gallbladder to form dietary mixed micelles in which the solvation of poorly absorbed lipophilic drugs and nutraceuticals take place. A comprehensive understanding of the micellization and structure of the mixed micelles are crucial to design effective delivery systems for such substances. In this study, the evolution of the dietary mixed micelle formation under physiologically relevant concentrations and the dependence of structural properties on micelle size were investigated through coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations. The MARTINI force field was used to model cholate and POPC as the representative bile salt and phospholipid, respectively. The micellization behavior was similar under both fasted and fed state concentrations. Total lipids concentration and the micelle size did not affect the internal structure of the micelles. All the micelles were slightly ellipsoidal in shape independent of their size. The extent of deviation from spherical geometry was found to depend on the micellar POPC/cholate ratio. We also found that the surface and core packing density of the micelles increased with micelle size. The former resulted in more perpendicular alignments of cholates with respect to the surface, while the latter resulted in an improved alignment of POPC tails with the radial direction and more uniform core density.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 7Ankaferd Influences Mrna Expression of Iron-Regulated Genes During Iron-Deficiency Anemia(SAGE Publications Inc., 2018) Güleç, Afife; Güleç, ŞükrüAnkaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) comprises a mixture of plants and stops bleeding via forming a protein network by erythroid aggregation. Bleeding causes reduction of iron levels in body. It has been indicated that ABS contains significant amount of iron. Thus, we investigated the biological activity of ABS-derived iron on iron-regulated genes during iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). IDA We selected Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines as in vitro models of human intestine and liver, respectively. Iron deficiency anemia was induced by deferoxamine. The cells were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and ABS. Messenger RNA levels of iron-regulated genes were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to elucidate whether iron in ABS behaved similar to inorganic iron (FAC) during IDA. The results showed that ABS-derived iron influenced transcriptions of iron-regulated marker genes, including divalent metal transporter (Dmt1), transferrin receptor (TfR), ankyrin repeat domain 37 (Ankrd37), and hepcidin (Hamp) in IDA-induced Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. Our results suggest that when ABS is used to stop tissue bleeding, it might have an ability to reduce levels of IDA.Article Citation - WoS: 87Citation - Scopus: 94Factors Related To Recurrence of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: What Do We Learn From a Multicentre Study?(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2018) Uysal, Erdal; Soran, Atilla; Sezgin, Efe; Granulomatous Mastitis Study GroupBackground: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the breast with unknown aetiology. Its treatment is controversial and the recurrence rate is high. The objectives of this study were to examine the demographic, sociocultural and clinical characteristics observed among a large cohort of IGM patients from Turkey and to identify factors related to the recurrence of IGM. Methods: The study was designed as a multicentre retrospective study including 22 breast centres in Turkey. A total of 720 IGM patients are included in the study. Patient data were obtained from the patient's files and electronic records based on the study protocol. Patients’ demographic, clinical, radiological, treatment and recurrence of IGM related characteristics were recorded. Results: Our results revealed a statistically significant association between IGM recurrence and history of pregnancy, breastfeeding, breast infection and smoking (P < 0.05). Having a chronic systematic disease, oral contraceptive, analgesic and herbal medicine consumptions, treatment choice, education, place of birth and current residence were not found to be associated with IGM recurrence (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings show that history of pregnancy, breastfeeding, breast infection and smoking were the risk factors for IGM recurrence. As current treatment methods did not affect IGM recurrence, recurrence-related factors, such as breast infection and smoking, should be considered to eliminate while focusing on less invasive local treatment research.Article Determination of the Effects of Biomaterials on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (pbmc)(IOS Press, 2002) Sudağıdan, Mert; Güneş, Hatice; Harsa, ŞebnemArticle Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 9Effect of Pretreatments on Microbial Growth and Sensory Properties of Dry-Salted Olives(International Association for Food Protection, 2014) Değirmencioğlu, Nurcan; Gürbüz, Ozan; Değirmencioğlu, Ali; Yıldız, SemanurThe effect of various washing solutions (acetic acid, lactic acid, and chlorine dioxide) and NaCl concentrations (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0%) on the stability of dry-salted olives (cultivars Gemlik and Edincik) during storage was studied. Vacuum-packed olives were stored at 4°C for 7 months and monitored for microbiological changes that occurred in the dry-salted olives during the drysalting process and for their stability during storage. Microbial populations were enumerated using pour plating (for aerobic plate counts) and spread plating (for counts of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and molds). Aerobic plate counts were < 2.5 log CFU/g for olive samples washed in chlorine dioxide at all NaCl concentrations. At 4°C, the population of yeasts and molds increased steadily during the shelf life in Gemlik olive samples washed with all of the solutions, except chlorine dioxide, whereas yeast and mold counts in Edincik olives decreased depending on the increase in salt concentration. Therefore, different combinations of organic acids, NaCl, and vacuum packaging can be successfully used to control the growth of yeasts and molds in these olives. The combination of vacuum sealing (with a 10-ppm chlorine dioxide wash) and storage at 4°C was the most effective approach for controlling the growth of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts and molds. Members of the sensory panel considered saltiness to be appropriate at 2.5 and 5.0% NaCl. Softness and bitterness scores increased with reduced NaCl concentrations, but rancidity and hardness scores increased as NaCl concentration increased.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Comparison of Conventional Culture Method and Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Technique for Detection of Listeria Spp. in Ground Beef, Turkey, and Chicken Breast Fillets in Izmir, Turkey(International Association for Food Protection, 2014) Baysal, Ayşe HandanThe occurrence of Listeria species in refrigerated fresh chicken breast fillet, turkey breast fillet, and ground beef was evaluated, comparing the conventional culture method and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH uses hybridization of a nucleic acid sequence target of a microorganism with a specific DNA probe labeled with a fluorochrome and imaging by a fluorescence microscope. First, Listeria was inoculated in chicken breast fillet, turkey breast fillet, or ground beef, and the applicability of the FISH method was evaluated. Second, Listeria was detected in fresh chicken breast fillet, turkey breast fillet, and ground beef by culture and FISH methods. Listeria was isolated from 27 (37.4%) of 216 samples by the standard culture method, whereas FISH detected 25 (24.7%) preenriched samples. Of these isolates, 17 (63%) were L. innocua, 6 (22%) L. welshimeri, and 4 (14.8%) L. seeligeri. Overall, the prevalences of Listeria spp. found with the conventional culture method in chicken breast fillet, turkey breast fillet, and ground beef were 9.7, 6.9, and 20.8%, whereas with the FISH technique these values were 11.1, 6.9, and 16.7%, respectively. The molecular FISH technique appears to be a cheap, sensitive, and time-efficient procedure that could be used for routine detection of Listeria spp. in meat. This study showed that retail raw meats are potentially contaminated with Listeria spp. and are, thus, vehicles for transmitting diseases caused by foodborne pathogens, underlining the need for increased precautions, such as implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points and consumer food safety education.