Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/12
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Article Citation - Scopus: 11Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Cypriot Propolis(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Nalbantsoy, A.; Sarıkahya, N.B.; Özverel, C.S.; Barlas, A.B.; Kırcı, D.; Akgün, İ.H.; Yalçın, Tansel; Düven, GamzePropolis compositions are highly variable, depending on the geographic region and the season of collection. In this study, propolis samples from seven different regions of Cyprus were studied for the first time by means of chemical content and biological activities. Secondary metabolite composition was determined by LC-HRMS. While the major flavonoids found were isosakuranetin, naringenin, rhamnocitrin, diosmetin, chrysin and acacetin, interestingly verbascoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, and chlorogenic acid were identified as the major compounds in the ethanol-water extracts. α-Pinene was detected as the major compound of propolis extracts according to the volatile compositions via GC-MS. Karaoglanoglu and Tirmen extracts, presenting different chemical profiles, exerted enormous cytotoxic activity by MTT assay (IC50: 2.36–11.56 µg/mL; 1.44–9.33 µg/mL, respectively). The highest iNOS inhibition potential was detected in the Karpaz extract (IC50:2.6 µg/mL) in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells whereas the Guzelyurt sample demonstrated remarkable antioxidant (88.82 ± 0.10%) and antimicrobial activities (with a MIC value of 31.2 μg/mL against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecium, and E. faecalis). © 2021 International Bee Research Association.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 11Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Cypriot Propolis(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Nalbantsoy, Ayşe; Sarıkahya, Nazlı Böke; Özverel, Cenk Serhan; Barlas, Ayşe Berçin; Kırcı, Damla; Akgün, İsmail Hakkı; Yalçın, Tansel; Güven, Gamze; Kışla, Duygu; Demirci, Betül; Topçu, Gülaçtı; Gören, Ahmet CeyhanPropolis compositions are highly variable, depending on the geographic region and the season of collection. In this study, propolis samples from seven different regions of Cyprus were studied for the first time by means of chemical content and biological activities. Secondary metabolite composition was determined by LC-HRMS. While the major flavonoids found were isosakuranetin, naringenin, rhamnocitrin, diosmetin, chrysin and acacetin, interestingly verbascoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, and chlorogenic acid were identified as the major compounds in the ethanol-water extracts. alpha-Pinene was detected as the major compound of propolis extracts according to the volatile compositions via GC-MS. Karaoglanoglu and Tirmen extracts, presenting different chemical profiles, exerted enormous cytotoxic activity by MTT assay (IC50: 2.36-11.56 mu g/mL; 1.44-9.33 mu g/mL, respectively). The highest iNOS inhibition potential was detected in the Karpaz extract (IC50:2.6 mu g/mL) in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells whereas the Guzelyurt sample demonstrated remarkable antioxidant (88.82 +/- 0.10%) and antimicrobial activities (with a MIC value of 31.2 mu g/mL against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecium, and E. faecalis).Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 13Capsaicin Emulsions: Formulation and Characterization(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2017) Akbaş, Elif; Söyler, Betül; Öztop, Mecit HalilOleoresin capsicum, the oil extract of chili pepper, is mainly composed of capsaicin. Capsaicin is a hydrophobic volatile compound exhibiting antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. Capsaicin in the form of an emulsion-based carrier system could be a good alternative to enhance bioavailability and simultaneously to increase the shelf-life of food. In this study, capsaicin emulsions were formulated using three different surfactants (Tween 80, commercial soy lecithin, and sucrose monopalmitate/SMP). Effects of aqueous phase composition, pH, and heating the pre-homogenized dispersion were investigated. For characterization, NMR relaxometry, color, turbidity, and antioxidant activity experiments were conducted. Antimicrobial efficacies of the emulsions were also evaluated against Escherichia coli andStaphylococcus aureus. Mean particle sizes of emulsions with surfactants Tween 80, lecithin, and SMP were found to be 68.30, 582.63, and 50.10 nm, respectively. Lecithin-containing emulsions showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with 4.60 log reduction, whereas the same effect was observed in Tween 80-containing emulsions against E. coli with 3.86 log reduction. Emulsions prepared with SMP showed the highest antioxidant activity with 0.482 mg DPPH/L emulsion. The formulated emulsions have the potential to be used in food industry as antimicrobial food grade solutions.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 19Whey Protein-Pullulan (wp/Pullulan) Polymer Blend for Preservation of Viability of Lactobacillus Acidophilus(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2015) Çabuk, Burcu; Harsa, Hayriye Şebnem; Harsa, ŞebnemIn this study, whey protein isolate-pullulan (WP/pullulan) microspheres were developed to entrap the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NRRL-B 4495 by spray-drying technique. Microcapsules were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics including morphology, particle size, moisture content, water activity, dissolution time, and color properties. Results revealed that microcapsules were spherical in shape and obtained particle sizes between 5 and 160 µm, with an average size of around 50 µm. Blending pullulan with WP provided enhanced survival of probiotic bacteria during spray drying with a final viable cell number of 8.81 log CFU/g of microcapsule. Encapsulated probiotics were also found to have significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher survived cell numbers compared to free probiotics under detrimental gastrointestinal conditions. Moreover, dissolution analysis suggested that protein-polysaccharide powdered microcapsules showed pH-sensitive dissolution properties in simulated gastric juice and simulated intestinal juice.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 4Evaluation of Agro-Industrial Wastes, Their State, and Mixing Ratio for Maximum Polygalacturonase and Biomass Production in Submerged Fermentation(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2015) Göğüş, Nihan; Evcan, Ezgi; Tarı, Canan; Cavalitto, Sebastian F.The potential of important agro-industrial wastes, apple pomace (AP) and orange peel (OP) as C sources, was investigated in the maximization of polygalacturonase (PG), an industrially significant enzyme, using an industrially important microorganism Aspergillus sojae. Factors such as various hydrolysis forms of the C sources (hydrolysed-AP, non-hydrolysed-AP, hydrolysed-AP + OP, non-hydrolysed-AP + OP) and N sources (ammonium sulphate and urea), and incubation time (4, 6, and 8 days) were screened. It was observed that maximum PG activity was achieved at a combination of non-hydrolysed-AP + OP and ammonium sulphate with eight days of incubation. For the pre-optimization study, ammonium sulphate concentration and the mixing ratios of AP + OP at different total C concentrations (9, 15, 21 g-1) were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the maximum PG production (144.96 ml-1) was found as 21 g-1 total carbohydrate concentration totally coming from OP at 15 g-1 ammonium sulphate concentration. On the other hand, 3:1 mixing ratio of OP + AP at 11.50 g-1 ammonium sulphate concentration also resulted in a considerable PG activity (115.73 ml-1). These results demonstrated that AP can be evaluated as an additional C source to OP for PG production, which in turn both can be alternative solutions for the elimination of the waste accumulation in the food industry with economical returns.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 10Determination of Volume of Alaska Pollock (theragra Chalcogramma) by Image Analysis(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2011) Balaban, Murat Ömer; Chombeau, Melanie; Gümüş, Bahar; Cırban, DilşatThe objective of this study was to develop two methods to predict the volume of whole Alaska pollock and to compare the results with the experimentally measured volumes. One hundred fifty-five whole pollock, obtained from a Kodiak processor, were individually immersed in a graduated cylinder equipped with an outflow tube to catch the displaced water as a result of immersion. The weight of the water was recorded. Then the fish were placed in a light box equipped with a digital video camera, and the side view and top view recorded (2 images for each fish). A reference square of known surface area was placed by the fish. A cubic spline method to predict volume by integration of cross-sectional area slices based on the top and side views and an empirical equation using dimensional (length L, width W, depth D) measurements at three locations of the fish image were developed. The R 2 value for the correlation between the L × W × D versus measured volume was 0.987. The best R 2 for the correlation of the predicted volume by the cubic spline method versus the measured volume was 0.99. Image analysis can be used reliably to predict the volume of whole Alaska pollock. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 7Quality Evaluation of Alaska Pollock (theragra Chalcogramma) Roe by Image Analysis. Part Ii: Color Defects and Length Evaluation(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2012) Balaban, Murat Ömer; Chombeau, Melanie; Gümüş, Bahar; Cırban, DilşatIn the second part of the study of the quality evaluation of pollock roe by image analysis, methods to quantify the color defects (green spots, dark strips, dark color, and uneven coloring due to freezer burn) were developed. Dark roes can be detected by their average L* value. Dark strips can be detected by quantifying the percentage of pixels that have an L* value below an L * threshold. Since there is wide variation among the average colors of the roes, this L * threshold value must be auto-adjusting to the color of the individual roe. Green spots can be detected by their darker color and by ignoring red blood vessels by setting an upper a * threshold. In this study, identifying pixels with L* values less than the L * threshold = 66% of the L * average of the roe, and a* values less than an a * threshold = 20 successfully detected dark strips and green spots. Detection and quantification of uneven color and freezer burn required a smoothing of the roe colors to reduce details. The color primitives method was used, with a setting of a color threshold (CT) = 75. The resulting images were analyzed by setting L * threshold values of 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85% of L * average of individual roes. More surface area of the roe was judged as defective with increasing L * threshold. With proper selection of L * threshold, a * threshold, and CT value, image analysis can accurately quantify the color defects of pollock roe. Practical Application Abstract: Automation of pollock roe sorting by color would streamline the operation, reduce error rates, and help with standardization of quality. Combined with other capabilities of machine vision such as sorting by weight, this technology can be used for multiple purposes simultaneously. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 19Quality Evaluation of Alaska Pollock (theragra Chalcogramma) Roe by Image Analysis. Part I: Weight Prediction(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2012) Balaban, Murat Ömer; Chombeau, Melanie; Gümüş, Bahar; Cırban, DilşatRoe is an important product of the Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) industry. About 31% of the value for all pollock products comes from roe, yet roe is 5% of the weight of the fish. Currently, the size (weight), color, and maturity of the roe are subjectively evaluated. The objective of this study was to develop methods to predict the weight of Alaska pollock roe based on its view area from a camera and to differentiate between single and double roes. One hundred and forty-two pollock roes were picked from a processing line in a Kodiak, AK plant. Each roe was weighed, placed in a light box equipped with a digital video camera, images were taken at two different angles from one side, then turned over and presented at two different angles again (four images for each roe). A reference square of known surface area was placed by the roe. The following equations were used to fit the view area (X) versus weight (Y) data: linear, power, and second-order polynomial. Error rates for the classification of roes by weight decreased significantly when weight prediction equations for single and double roes were developed separately. A turn angle method, a box method, and a modified box method were tested to differentiate single and double roes by image analysis. Machine vision can accurately determine the weight of pollock roe. Practical Application Abstract: An image analysis method to accurately determine if pollock roe is a single or a double was developed. Then view area versus weight correlations were found for single and double roes that reduced incorrect weight classification rates to half that of human graders. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 5Production of Food Grade Ss-Galactosidase From Artisanal Yogurt Strains(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2010) Tarı, Canan; Üstok, Fatma Işık; Harsa, ŞebnemSuperior artisanal isolates of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria producing high lactic acid and β-galactosidase were isolated from traditional Turkish yogurt samples from the Toros mountain region from a highly bio-diverse environment. A full factorial statistical design, with the factors of types of strains and medium formulations under static and agitation conditions, were applied to investigate the effects on β-galactosidase and lactic acid production. Streptococcus thermophilus 95/2 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. thermophilus 77 exhibited remarkable potential as promising starter culture candidates valuable to various applications in the dairy industry. The efficiency of cell disruption methods was investigated on the extraction of intracellular β-galactosidase enzyme. Lysozyme enzyme treatment was determined as the most effective method, which resulted in approximately 1.5 and 10 times higher enzyme activity than glass bead and homogenization treatment, respectively. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3Evaluation of High Hydrostatic Pressure Effects on Bovine Red Blood Cells and Platelets(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2009) Ceylan, Çağatay; Severcan, Mete; Bozoğlu, Faruk; Severcan, FerideThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the stability of red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets. Bovine blood cells (n=5) were treated with the pressure of 55, 110, 154 and 220MPa at 25°C for 5min. Light microscopy, atomic force microscopy and flow cytometry studies revealed that RBCs were morphologically stable up until the 220MPa pressure treatments, at which surface modifications were observed. The platelets were found to be less stable than RBCs. HHP application did not cause any significant change in the signal intensity, band area and frequency values of the infrared bands with the exception that a significant variation was observed in the area of the cholesterol band. No statistically significant variations were observed in the secondary structure elements due to HHP treatment according to the artificial neural network study based on the FTIR data.