Food Engineering / Gıda Mühendisliği

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  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 307
    Citation - Scopus: 364
    Iron Absorption: Factors, Limitations, and Improvement Methods
    (American Chemical Society, 2022) Pişkin, Elif; Cianciosi, Danila; Güleç, Şükrü; Tomas, Merve; Çapanoğlu, Esra
    Iron is an essential element for human life since it participates in many functions in the human body, including oxygen transport, immunity, cell division and differentiation, and energy metabolism. Iron homeostasis is mainly controlled by intestinal absorption because iron does not have active excretory mechanisms for humans. Thus, efficient intestinal iron bioavailability is essential to reduce the risk of iron deficiency anemia. There are two forms of iron, heme and nonheme, found in foods. The average daily dietary iron intake is 10 to 15 mg in humans since only 1 to 2 mg is absorbed through the intestinal system. Nutrient-nutrient interactions may play a role in dietary intestinal iron absorption. Dietary inhibitors such as calcium, phytates, polyphenols and enhancers such as ascorbic acid and proteins mainly influence iron bioavailability. Numerous studies have been carried out for years to enhance iron bioavailability and combat iron deficiency. In addition to traditional methods, innovative techniques are being developed day by day to enhance iron bioavailability. This review will provide information about iron bioavailability, factors affecting absorption, iron deficiency, and recent studies on improving iron bioavailability.
  • Article
    Citation - WoS: 7
    Citation - Scopus: 7
    Ankaferd Influences Mrna Expression of Iron-Regulated Genes During Iron-Deficiency Anemia
    (SAGE Publications Inc., 2018) Güleç, Afife; Güleç, Şükrü
    Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) comprises a mixture of plants and stops bleeding via forming a protein network by erythroid aggregation. Bleeding causes reduction of iron levels in body. It has been indicated that ABS contains significant amount of iron. Thus, we investigated the biological activity of ABS-derived iron on iron-regulated genes during iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). IDA We selected Caco-2 and HepG2 cell lines as in vitro models of human intestine and liver, respectively. Iron deficiency anemia was induced by deferoxamine. The cells were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and ABS. Messenger RNA levels of iron-regulated genes were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to elucidate whether iron in ABS behaved similar to inorganic iron (FAC) during IDA. The results showed that ABS-derived iron influenced transcriptions of iron-regulated marker genes, including divalent metal transporter (Dmt1), transferrin receptor (TfR), ankyrin repeat domain 37 (Ankrd37), and hepcidin (Hamp) in IDA-induced Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. Our results suggest that when ABS is used to stop tissue bleeding, it might have an ability to reduce levels of IDA.